Engine Control System (Diagnostic Codes (P0010-P0230) (Hybrid): Overview Toyota Highlander II рестайлинг

DESCRIPTION

The Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system includes the ECM, camshaft timing oil control valve assembly and VVT controller. The ECM sends a target duty-cycle control signal to the camshaft timing oil control valve assembly. This control signal regulates the oil pressure supplied to the VVT controller. Camshaft timing control is performed according to engine operating conditions such as intake air volume, throttle valve position and engine coolant temperature. The ECM controls the camshaft timing oil control valve assembly, based on the signals transmitted from several sensors. The VVT controller regulates the intake camshaft angle using oil pressure through the camshaft timing oil control valve assembly. As a result, the relative positions of the camshaft and crankshaft are optimized, the engine torque and fuel economy improve, and the exhaust emissions decrease under overall driving conditions. The ECM detects the actual intake valve timing using signals from the camshaft and crankshaft position sensors, and performs feedback control. This is how the target intake valve timing is verified by the ECM.

Scheme 898

MONITOR DESCRIPTION

This DTC is designed to detect an open or short in the camshaft timing oil control valve assembly circuit. If the camshaft timing oil control valve duty-cycle is excessively high or low while the engine is running, the ECM will illuminate the MIL and set the DTC.

Refer to DTC P0010, refer to DESCRIPTION.

1. The ECM optimizes the intake valve timing using the Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system to control the intake camshaft. The VVT system includes the ECM, the camshaft timing oil control valve assembly and the VVT controller.
2. The ECM sends a target duty-cycle control signal to the camshaft timing oil control valve assembly. This control signal regulates the oil pressure supplied to the VVT controller. The VVT controller can advance or retard the intake camshaft. If the difference between the target and actual intake valve timing is large, and changes in the actual intake valve timing are small, the ECM interprets this as the VVT controller stuck malfunction and sets a DTC. Example: A DTC is set when the following conditions "A" and "B" are met: It takes 5 seconds or more to change the valve timing by 5°CA (Condition "A"). After the above condition is met, the camshaft timing oil control valve assembly is forcibly activated 10 seconds (Condition "B").
3. DTCs P0011 and P0021 (advanced camshaft timing) are subject to 1 trip detection logic.
4. DTCs P0012 and P0022 (retarded camshaft timing) are subject to 2 trip detection logic. These DTCs indicate that the VVT controller cannot operate properly due to camshaft timing oil control valve assembly malfunctions or the presence of foreign objects in the camshaft timing oil control valve assembly.

Refer to DTC P0010, refer to DESCRIPTION.

To monitor the correlation of the intake camshaft position and crankshaft position, the ECM checks the VVT learned value while the engine is idling.

The VVT learned value is calibrated based on the camshaft position and crankshaft position.

The intake valve timing is set to the most retarded angle while the engine is idling. If the VVT learned value is out of the specified range in consecutive driving cycles, the ECM illuminates the MIL and stores DTC P0016 (Bank 1) or P0018 (Bank 2).

HINT

1. Although the DTC titles include oxygen sensor, these DTCs relate to the air fuel ratio sensor.
2. Sensor 1 refers to the sensor mounted in front of the three way catalytic converter and located near the engine assembly.

The air fuel ratio sensor generates voltage* that corresponds to the actual air fuel ratio. This sensor voltage is used to provide the ECM with feedback so that it can control the air fuel ratio. The ECM determines the deviation from the stoichiometric air fuel ratio level, and regulates the fuel injection time. If the air fuel ratio sensor malfunctions, the ECM is unable to control the air fuel ratio accurately.

The air fuel ratio sensor is the planar type and is integrated with a heater, which heats the solid electrolyte (zirconia element). This heater is controlled by the ECM. When the intake air volume is low (the exhaust gas temperature is low), a current flows into the heater to heat the sensor, in order to facilitate accurate oxygen concentration detection. In addition, the sensor and heater portions are narrower than the conventional type. The heat generated by the heater is conducted to the solid electrolyte through the alumina, therefore the sensor activation is accelerated.

In order to obtain a high purification rate of the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) components in the exhaust gas, a three way catalytic converter is used. For the most efficient use of the three way catalytic converter, the air fuel ratio must be precisely controlled so that it is always close to the stoichiometric level.

*: Value changes inside the ECM. Since the air fuel ratio sensor is the current output element, the current is converted to a voltage inside the ECM. Any measurements taken at the air fuel ratio sensor or ECM connectors will show a constant voltage.

Scheme 899

HINT

Scheme 900

1. When any of these DTCs are set, the ECM enters fail-safe mode. The ECM turns off the air fuel ratio sensor heater in fail-safe mode. Fail-safe mode continues until the ignition switch is turned off.
2. The ECM provides a pulse width modulated control circuit to adjust the current through the heater. The air fuel ratio sensor heater circuit uses a relay on the +B side of the circuit.

1. The ECM uses information from the air fuel ratio sensor to regulate the air fuel ratio and keep it close to the stoichiometric level. This maximizes the ability of the three way catalytic converter to purify the exhaust gases.
2. The air fuel ratio sensor detects oxygen levels in the exhaust gas and transmits the information to the ECM. The inner surface of the sensor element is exposed to the outside air. The outer surface of the sensor element is exposed to the exhaust gas. The sensor element is made of platinum coated zirconia and includes an integrated heating element.
3. The zirconia element generates a small voltage when there is a large difference in the oxygen concentrations between the exhaust gas and outside air. The platinum coating amplifies this voltage generation.
4. The air fuel ratio sensor is more efficient when heated. When the exhaust gas temperature is low, the sensor cannot generate useful voltage signals without supplementary heating. The ECM regulates the supplementary heating using a duty-cycle approach to adjust the average current in the sensor heater element. If the heater current is outside the normal range, the signal transmitted by the air fuel ratio sensor will be inaccurate, as a result, the ECM will be unable to regulate air fuel ratio properly.
5. When the current in the air fuel ratio sensor heater is outside the normal operating range, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the sensor heater and sets a DTC.

A three-way catalytic converter is used in order to convert the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) into less harmful substances. To allow the three-way catalytic converter to function effectively, it is necessary to keep the air fuel ratio of the engine near the stoichiometric air fuel ratio. For the purpose of helping the ECM to deliver accurate air fuel ratio control, a heated oxygen sensor is used.

The heated oxygen sensor is located behind the three-way catalytic converter, and detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. Since the sensor is integrated with the heater that heats the sensing portion, it is possible to detect the oxygen concentration even when the intake air volume is low (the exhaust gas temperature is low).

When the air fuel ratio becomes lean, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas becomes rich. The heated oxygen sensor informs the ECM that the post-three-way catalytic converter air fuel ratio is lean (low voltage, i.e. less than 0.45 V).

Conversely, when the air fuel ratio is richer than the stoichiometric air fuel level, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas becomes lean. The heated oxygen sensor informs the ECM that the post-three-way catalytic converter air fuel ratio is rich (high voltage, i.e. more than 0.45 V). The heated oxygen sensor has the property of changing its output voltage drastically when the air fuel ratio is close to the stoichiometric level.

The ECM uses the supplementary information from the heated oxygen sensor to determine whether the air fuel ratio after the three-way catalytic converter is rich or lean, and adjusts the fuel injection time accordingly. Thus, if the heated oxygen sensor is working improperly due to internal malfunctions, the ECM is unable to compensate for deviations in the primary air fuel ratio control.

Scheme 901

HINT

Scheme 902

1. When any of these DTCs are set, the ECM enters fail-safe mode. The ECM turns off the heated oxygen sensor heater in fail-safe mode. Fail-safe mode continues until the ignition switch is turned off.
2. The ECM provides a pulse width modulated control circuit to adjust the current through the heater. The heated oxygen sensor heater circuit uses a relay on the +B side of the circuit.

The sensing portion of the heated oxygen sensor has a zirconia element which is used to detect the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. If the zirconia element is at the appropriate temperature, and the difference between the oxygen concentrations surrounding the inside and outside surfaces of the sensor is large, the zirconia element generates voltage signals. In order to increase the oxygen concentration detecting capacity of the zirconia element, the ECM supplements the heat from the exhaust with heat from a heating element inside the sensor.

Heated oxygen sensor heater range check (P0037, P0038, P0057, P0058, P102D and P105D)

1. The ECM monitors the current applied to the heated oxygen sensor heater to check the heater for malfunctions. If the heater current is outside the normal range, the signal transmitted by the heated oxygen sensor becomes inaccurate. When the current in the heated oxygen sensor heater is outside the normal operating range, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the sensor and stores a DTC.

Heated oxygen sensor heater performance (P0141 and P0161)

1. After the accumulated heater on time exceeds 100 seconds, the ECM calculates the heater resistance using the battery voltage and the current applied to the heater. If the resistance is above the threshold value, the ECM will determine that there is a malfunction in the heated oxygen sensor heater and set DTCs P0141 and P0161.

Refer to DTC P0102, refer to DESCRIPTION.

The mass air flow meter sub-assembly is a sensor that measures the amount of air flowing through the throttle valve. The ECM uses this information to determine the fuel injection time and to provide an appropriate air fuel ratio. Inside the mass air flow meter sub-assembly, there is a heated platinum wire which is exposed to the flow of intake air. By applying a specific electrical current to the wire, the ECM heats it to a specific temperature. The flow of incoming air cools both the wire and an internal thermistor, affecting their resistance. To maintain a constant current value, the ECM varies the voltage applied to these components of the mass air flow meter sub-assembly. The voltage level is proportional to the airflow through the sensor, and the ECM uses it to calculate the intake air volume.

The ECM monitors the average engine load value ratio to check the mass air flow meter sub-assembly for malfunctions. The average engine load value ratio is obtained by comparing the average engine load calculated from the mass air flow meter sub-assembly output to the average engine load estimated from the driving conditions, such as the engine speed and the throttle opening angle. If the average engine load value ratio is below the threshold value, the ECM determines that the intake air volume is low, and if the average engine load value ratio is above the threshold value, the ECM determines that the intake air volume is high.

If this is detected in 2 consecutive driving cycles, the MIL is illuminated and a DTC is set.

The mass air flow meter sub-assembly is a sensor that measures the amount of air flowing through the throttle valve.

The ECM uses this information to determine the fuel injection time and to provide the appropriate air fuel ratio.

Inside the mass air flow meter sub-assembly, there is a heated platinum wire which is exposed to the flow of intake air.

By applying a specific electrical current to the wire, the ECM heats it to a given temperature. The flow of incoming air cools both the wire and an internal thermistor, affecting their resistance. To maintain a constant current value, the ECM varies the voltage applied to these components in the mass air flow meter sub-assembly. The voltage level is proportional to the air flow through the sensor, and the ECM uses it to calculate the intake air volume.

The circuit is constructed so that the platinum hot wire and the temperature sensor create a bridge circuit, and the power transistor is controlled so that the potentials of A and B remain equal to maintain the predetermined temperature.

HINT

When any of these DTCs are set, the ECM enters fail-safe mode. During fail-safe mode, the ignition timing is calculated by the ECM, according to the engine speed and throttle valve position. Fail-safe mode continues until a pass condition is detected.

Scheme 903

HINT

When any of these DTCs are set, check the air flow rate by entering the following menus on the Techstream: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / MAF.

If there is a defect in the mass air flow meter sub-assembly or an open or short circuit, the voltage level deviates from the normal operating range. The ECM interprets this deviation as a malfunction in the mass air flow meter sub-assembly and sets a DTC.

Example

When the sensor output voltage remains less than 0.2 V, or more than 4.9 V for more than 3 seconds, the ECM sets a DTC.

If the malfunction is not repaired successfully, a DTC is set 3 seconds after the engine is next started.

By a built-in sensor unit, the manifold absolute pressure sensor detects the intake manifold pressure as a voltage.

Scheme 904

HINT

1. DTC P0107 and P0108 are detected when the ignition switch is to ON for approximately 2 seconds.
2. When DTC P0107 or P0108 is detected, check the manifold absolute pressure by entering the following menus on the Techstream: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / MAP.

The ECM monitors the sensor voltage and use this value to calculate the manifold absolute pressure. When the sensor output voltage deviates from the normal operating range, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the manifold absolute pressure sensor and sets a DTC.

Example

When the sensor output voltage remains less than 0.5 V, or more than 4.5 V for 0.5 seconds, the ECM sets a DTC.

If the malfunction is not repaired successfully, a DTC is set 0.5 seconds after the engine is next started.

The ECM performs OBD II monitoring based on the values from the intake air temperature sensor. If there is no change of the sensor value within the normal range, the ECM will not be able to perform OBD II monitoring or will misdiagnose that there is a malfunction in the sensor. The ECM detects that the intake air temperature sensor value is stuck by monitoring the sensor after the ignition switch is turned off or after the engine is started.

1. The intake air temperature sensor, in the mass air flow meter sub-assembly, monitors the intake air temperature. The intake air temperature sensor has a built-in thermistor with a resistance that varies according to the temperature of the intake air. When the intake air temperature becomes low, the resistance of the thermistor increases. When the temperature becomes high, the resistance drops. These variations in resistance are transmitted to the ECM as voltage changes (Scheme 898)
2. The intake air temperature sensor is powered by a 5 V supply from the THA terminal of the ECM, via resistor R which is located inside the ECM.
3. Resistor R and the intake air temperature sensor are connected in series. When the resistance value of the intake air temperature sensor changes, the voltage at terminal THA varies accordingly. Based on this signal, the ECM increases the fuel injection volume when the engine is cold to improve driveability. HINT: When any of DTCs P0112 and P0113 are set, the ECM enters fail-safe mode. During fail-safe mode, the intake air temperature is estimated to be 20°C (68°F) by the ECM. Fail-safe mode continues until a pass condition is detected.

HINT

When any of these DTCs are set, check the intake air temperature by entering the following menus on the Techstream: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Intake Air.

The ECM monitors the sensor voltage and uses this value to calculate the intake air temperature. When the sensor output voltage deviates from the normal operating range, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the intake air temperature sensor and sets a DTC.

Example

If the sensor output voltage is more than 4.91 V for 0.5 seconds or more, the ECM determines that there is an open in the intake air temperature sensor circuit, and sets DTC P0113. Conversely, if the output voltage is less than 0.18 V for 0.5 seconds or more, the ECM determines that there is a short in the sensor circuit, and sets DTC P0112.

If the malfunction is not repaired successfully, a DTC is set 0.5 seconds after the engine is next started.

A thermistor, whose resistance value varies according to the engine coolant temperature, is built into the engine coolant temperature sensor.

The structure of the sensor and its connection to the ECM are similar to those of the intake air temperature sensor.

HINT

When any of DTCs P0115, P0117 or P0118 are set, the ECM enters fail-safe mode. During fail-safe mode, the engine coolant temperature is estimated to be 80°C (176°F) by the ECM. Fail-safe mode continues until a pass condition is detected.

HINT

When any of these DTCs are set, check the engine coolant temperature by entering the following menus on the Techstream: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Coolant Temp.

1. The engine coolant temperature sensor is used to monitor the engine coolant temperature. The engine coolant temperature sensor has a thermistor with a resistance that varies according to the temperature of the engine coolant. When the coolant temperature becomes low, the resistance in the thermistor increases. When the temperature becomes high, the resistance drops. These variations in resistance are reflected in the output voltage from the sensor. The ECM monitors the sensor voltage and uses this value to calculate the engine coolant temperature. When the sensor output voltage deviates from the normal operating range, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the engine coolant temperature sensor and sets a DTC. Example: If the sensor output voltage is more than 4.91 V for 0.5 seconds or more, the ECM determines that there is an open in the engine coolant temperature sensor circuit, and sets DTC P0118. Conversely, if the voltage output is less than 0.14 V for 0.5 seconds or more, the ECM determines that there is a short in the sensor circuit, and sets DTC P0117. If the malfunction is not repaired successfully, a DTC is set 0.5 seconds after the engine is next started.

Refer to DTC P0115, refer to DESCRIPTION.

Engine coolant temperature sensor cold start monitor

When a cold engine start is performed and then the engine is warmed up, if the engine coolant temperature sensor value does not change, it is determined that a malfunction has occurred. If this is detected in 2 consecutive driving cycles, the MIL is illuminated and a DTC is set.

Engine coolant temperature sensor soak monitor

If the engine coolant temperature sensor value does not change after the warmed up engine is stopped and then the next cold engine start is performed, it is determined that a malfunction has occurred. If this is detected in 2 consecutive driving cycles, the MIL is illuminated and a DTC is set.

The engine has 2 temperature sensors, an engine coolant temperature sensor and an intake air temperature sensor, to detect the temperature while the engine is operating. A thermistor, whose resistance value varies according to the temperature, is built into each sensor. When the temperature is low, the resistance of the thermistor increases. When the temperature is high, the resistance drops. These variations in resistance are transmitted to the ECM as voltage changes. Based on these temperature signals output from the sensors, the ECM determines the fuel injection duration and the ignition timing to control the engine.

Scheme 905

HINT

1. Waiting is required to prevent the temperature of the engine from affecting the readings. If the engine has been operated recently, it will not be possible to accurately compare the readings.

1. For diagnosis, in order to duplicate the detection conditions of the DTC, it is necessary to park the vehicle for 7 hours. Parking the vehicle for 7 hours ensures that the actual temperature of the engine coolant temperature and intake air temperature are very similar. When the vehicle has been parked for less than 7 hours, differences in the readings may exist. This does not necessarily indicate a fault.

The ECM monitors the difference between the engine coolant temperature and the intake air temperature when the engine is started cold to detect the engine temperature conditions accurately. The monitor runs when the engine started cold after 7 hours or more has elapsed since the engine was stopped (ignition switch turned to off) on the previous trip. If the difference between the engine coolant temperature and the intake air temperature on a cold start exceeds 20°C (36°F), the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the engine coolant temperature sensor circuit and intake air temperature sensor circuit, and sets the DTC.

HINT

1. These DTCs relate to the throttle position sensor.

The throttle position sensor is mounted on the throttle with motor body assembly, and detects the opening angle of the throttle valve. This sensor is a non-contact type sensor. It uses hall-effect elements in order to yield accurate signals even in extreme driving conditions, such as at high speeds as well as very low speeds.

The throttle position sensor has 2 sensor circuits, each of which transmits a signal, VTA1 and VTA2. VTA1 is used to detect the throttle valve angle and VTA2 is used to detect malfunctions in VTA1. The sensor signal voltages vary between 0 V and 5 V in proportion to the throttle valve opening angle, and are transmitted to the VTA1 terminals of the ECM.

As the valve closes, the sensor output voltage decreases and as the valve opens, the sensor output voltage increases. The ECM calculates the throttle valve opening angle according to these signals and controls the throttle actuator in response to driver inputs. These signals are also used in calculations such as air fuel ratio correction, power increase correction and fuel-cut control.

Scheme 906

HINT

1. When any of these DTCs are output, check the throttle valve opening angle using the Techstream. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / All Data / Throttle Position No. 1 and Throttle Position No. 2.
2. Throttle Position No. 1 is the VTA1 signal, and Throttle Position No. 2 is the VTA2 signal. REFERENCE (NORMAL CONDITION) Techstream Display Accelerator Pedal Fully Released Accelerator Pedal Fully Depressed Throttle Position No. 1 0.5 to 1.1 V 3.2 to 4.8 V Throttle Position No. 2 2.1 to 3.1 V 4.6 to 5.0 V

The ECM uses the throttle position sensor to monitor the throttle valve opening angle. There are several checks that the ECM performs to confirm the proper operation of the throttle position sensor.

P0120, P0122, P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223, P2135

1. A specific voltage difference is expected between the sensor terminals, VTA1 and VTA2, for each throttle valve opening angle. If the difference between VTA1 and VTA2 is incorrect, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the sensor circuit, and stores a DTC.

1. VTA1 and VTA2 each have a specific voltage range. If VTA1 or VTA2 is outside the normal operating range, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the sensor circuit, and stores a DTC.

1. VTA1 and VTA2 should never be close to the same voltage level. If VTA1 is within 0.02 V of VTA2, the ECM determines that there is a short circuit in the sensor circuit, and stores a DTC.

If the malfunction is not repaired successfully, a DTC is stored 10 seconds after the engine is next started.

P0121

1. This sensor transmits 2 signals: VTA1 and VTA2. VTA1 is used to detect the throttle opening angle and VTA2 is used to detect malfunctions in VTA1. The ECM performs several checks to confirm the proper operation of the throttle position sensor and VTA1.
2. For each throttle opening angle, a specific voltage difference is expected between the outputs of VTA1 and VTA2. If the output voltage difference between the 2 signals deviates from the normal operating range, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the throttle position sensor. The ECM illuminates the MIL and stores the DTC.

If the malfunction is not repaired successfully, the DTC is stored 2 seconds after the engine is next started.

Refer to DTC P0115, refer to DESCRIPTION.

The resistance of the engine coolant temperature sensor varies in proportion to the actual engine coolant temperature. The ECM supplies a constant voltage to the sensor and monitors the signal output voltage of the sensor. The signal voltage output varies according to the changing resistance of the sensor. After the engine is started, the engine coolant temperature is monitored through this signal. If the engine coolant temperature sensor indicates that the engine is not yet warm enough for closed loop fuel control, despite a specified period of time having elapsed since the engine was started, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the sensor or cooling system and sets the DTC.

Example

The engine coolant temperature is 0°C (32°F) at engine start. After about 1 minute running time, the engine coolant temperature sensor still indicates that the engine is not warm enough to begin closed loop fuel (air fuel ratio feedback) control. The ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the sensor or cooling system and sets the DTC.

This DTC is set when the engine coolant temperature does not reach 75°C (167°F) despite sufficient engine warm-up time.

Scheme 907

The ECM estimates the engine coolant temperature based on the starting temperature, engine loads, and engine speeds. The ECM then compares the estimated temperature with the actual engine coolant temperature. When the estimated engine coolant temperature reaches 75°C (167°F), the ECM checks the actual engine coolant temperature. If the actual engine coolant temperature is less than 75°C (167°F), the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the thermostat or the engine cooling system and sets the DTC.

In order to obtain a high purification rate of the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) components in the exhaust gas, a TWC (Three-Way Catalytic Converter) is used. For the most efficient use of the TWC, the air-fuel ratio must be precisely controlled so that it is always close to the stoichiometric air-fuel level. For the purpose of helping the ECM to deliver accurate air-fuel ratio control, a Heated Oxygen (HO2) sensor is used.

The HO2 sensor is located behind the TWC, and detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. Since the sensor is integrated with the heater that heats the sensing portion, it is possible to detect the oxygen concentration even when the intake air volume is low (the exhaust gas temperature is low).

When the air-fuel ratio becomes lean, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is rich. The HO2 sensor informs the ECM that the post-TWC air-fuel ratio is lean (low voltage, i.e. less than 0.45 V).

Conversely, when the air-fuel ratio is richer than the stoichiometric air-fuel level, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas becomes lean. The HO2 sensor informs the ECM that the post-TWC air-fuel ratio is rich (high voltage, i.e. more than 0.45 V).

The HO2 sensor has the property of changing its output voltage drastically when the air-fuel ratio is close to the stoichiometric level.

The ECM uses the supplementary information from the HO2 sensor to determine whether the air-fuel ratio after the TWC is rich or lean, and adjusts the fuel injection time accordingly. Thus, if the HO2 sensor is working improperly due to internal malfunctions, the ECM is unable to compensate for deviations in the primary air-fuel ratio control.

Scheme 908

Scheme 909

Scheme 910

Scheme 911

1. Active Air Fuel Ratio Control The ECM usually performs air fuel ratio feedback control so that the air fuel ratio sensor output indicates a near stoichiometric air fuel level. This vehicle includes active air fuel ratio control in addition to regular air fuel ratio control. The ECM performs active air fuel ratio control to detect any deterioration in the three-way catalytic converter and heated oxygen sensor malfunctions (refer to the diagram below). Active air fuel ratio control is performed for approximately 15 to 20 seconds while driving with a warm engine. During active air fuel ratio control, the air fuel ratio is forcibly regulated to become lean or rich by the ECM. If the ECM detects a malfunction, a DTC is set.
2. Abnormal Voltage Output of Heated Oxygen Sensor (DTC P0136 and P0156) While the ECM is performing active air fuel ratio control, the air fuel ratio is forcibly regulated to become rich or lean. If the sensor is not functioning properly, the voltage output variation is small. For example, when the heated oxygen sensor voltage does not increase to more than 0.59 V during active air fuel ratio control, the ECM determines that the sensor voltage output is abnormal and sets DTCs P0136 or P0156.
3. Open in Heated Oxygen Sensor Circuit (DTCs P0137 and P0157) During active air fuel ratio control, the ECM calculates the oxygen storage capacity* of the three-way catalytic converter by forcibly regulating the air fuel ratio to become rich or lean. If the heated oxygen sensor has an open, or the voltage output of the sensor noticeably decreases, the oxygen storage capacity indicates an extraordinarily high value. Even if the ECM attempts to continue regulating the air fuel ratio to become rich or lean, the heated oxygen sensor output does not change. While performing active air fuel ratio control, when the target air fuel ratio is rich and the heated oxygen sensor voltage output is 0.21 V or less (lean), the ECM interprets this as an abnormally low sensor output voltage and sets DTC P0137 or P0157. *: The three-way catalytic converter has the capability to store oxygen. The oxygen storage capacity and the emission purification capacity of the three-way catalytic converter are mutually related. The ECM determines whether the catalyst has deteriorated, based on the calculated oxygen storage capacity value, refer to «DTC P0420: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1); DTC P0430: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)»(ref-426785-S11901523402011101200000).
4. High or Low Impedance of Heated Oxygen Sensor (DTCs P0136 and P0156 or P0137 and P0157) During normal air fuel ratio feedback control, there are small variations in the exhaust gas oxygen concentration. In order to continuously monitor the slight variation of the heated oxygen sensor signal while the engine is running, the impedance* of the sensor is measured by the ECM. The ECM determines that there is a malfunction in the sensor when the measured impedance deviates from the standard range. *: The effective resistance in an alternating current electrical circuit. HINT: The impedance cannot be measured using an ohmmeter. DTC P0136 or P0156 indicates the deterioration of the heated oxygen sensor. The ECM sets the DTCs by calculating the impedance of the sensor when the typical enabling conditions are satisfied (2 driving cycles). DTC P0137 or P0157 indicates an open or short circuit in the heated oxygen sensor (2 driving cycles). The ECM sets the DTCs when the impedance of the sensor exceeds the threshold 15 kohms.
5. Extremely High Output Voltage of Heated Oxygen Sensor (DTC P0138 and P0158) The ECM continuously monitors the heated oxygen sensor output voltage while the engine is running. DTC P0138 or P0158 is stored if the heated oxygen sensor voltage output is more than 1.2 V for 10 seconds or more.
6. Heated Oxygen Sensor Voltage Fuel Cut (DTC P0139 and P0159) The sensor output voltage drops to below 0.2 V (extremely lean status) immediately when the vehicle decelerates and fuel cut is operating. If the voltage does not drop to below 0.2 V for 6 seconds or more, or voltage does not drop from 0.35 V to 0.2 V for 1 second the ECM determines that the sensor's response has deteriorated, illuminates the MIL and sets a DTC.

HINT

1. Refer to DTC P2195, refer to «DESCRIPTION»(ref-426777-S05705008092011101200000).

* Calculated by ECM based on the A/F sensor output

After the engine is warm, the ECM carries out air-fuel ratio feedback control, and maintains the air-fuel ratio at the theoretical level. In addition, after all the preconditions have been met, active air-fuel ratio control is carried out for approx. 10 seconds, and during active air-fuel ratio control, the ECM measures the response of the A/F sensor by increasing or decreasing a specific injection quantity based on the theoretical air-fuel ratio learned during normal air-fuel control. The ECM determines whether there is an A/F sensor malfunction at the mid-point of active air-fuel ratio control.

If the A/F sensor's response ability is reduced, DTC P014C, P014D, P014E and P014F are output.

If the time it takes the A/F sensor output to change is delayed, DTC P015A, P015B, P015C and P015D are output.

Scheme 912

The fuel trim is related to the feedback compensation value, not to the basic injection duration. The fuel trim consists of both the short-term and long-term fuel trim.

The short-term fuel trim is fuel compensation that is used to constantly maintain the air fuel ratio at stoichiometric levels. The signal from the air fuel ratio sensor indicates whether the air fuel ratio is rich or lean compared to the stoichiometric ratio. This triggers a reduction in the fuel injection volume if the air fuel ratio is rich and an increase in the fuel injection volume if it is lean.

Factors such as individual engine differences, wear over time and changes in operating environment cause short-term fuel trim to vary from the central value. The long-term fuel trim, which controls overall fuel compensation, compensates for long-term deviations in the fuel trim from the central value caused by the short-term fuel trim compensation.

If both the short-term and long-term fuel trim are lean or rich beyond predetermined values, it is interpreted as a malfunction, and the ECM illuminates the MIL and sets a DTC.

HINT

1. When DTC P0171 or P0174 is set, the actual air fuel ratio is on the lean side. When DTC P0172 or P0175 is set, the actual air fuel ratio is on the rich side.
2. If the vehicle runs out of fuel, the air fuel ratio is lean and DTC P0171 or P0174 may be set. The MIL is then illuminated.
3. When the total of the short-term and long-term fuel trim values is within the malfunction threshold (and the engine coolant temperature is more than 75°C (167°F), the system is functioning normally.

Under closed-loop fuel control, fuel injection volumes that deviate from those estimated by the ECM cause changes in the long-term fuel trim compensation value. The long-term fuel trim is adjusted when there are persistent deviations in the short-term fuel trim values. Deviations from the ECM's estimated fuel injection volumes also affect the average fuel trim learning value, which is a combination of the average short-term fuel trim (fuel feedback compensation value) and the average long-term fuel trim (learning value of the air fuel ratio). If the average fuel trim learning value exceeds the malfunction thresholds, the ECM interprets this as a fault in the fuel system and sets a DTC.

Example

Scheme 913

1. When the average fuel trim learning value is more than +35% or less than -35%, the ECM interprets this as a fuel system malfunction.

1. This DTC is designed to detect a malfunction in the F/PMP relay circuit. When the system is normal, battery voltage is applied to the FPR terminal of the ECM while the F/PMP relay is off. If battery voltage is not applied to the FPR terminal while the F/PMP relay is off, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction. The ECM then illuminates the MIL and sets a DTC.
2. The F/PMP relay switches the fuel pump speed according to the engine conditions. The fuel pump operates when the ECM receives the NE signal. The F/PMP relay is turned on while the engine is idling or operating at low load. This causes current to flow through the fuel pump resistor to the fuel pump. The fuel pump then operates at low speed. The F/PMP relay is turned off while the engine is cranking or operating at high load. The fuel pump then operates at normal speed.

Scheme 914

Scheme 915

1. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
2. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
3. Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC procedure), refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-426655-S13741789592011101200000).
4. Turn the ignition switch off.
5. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
6. Put the engine in inspection mode, refer to «INSPECTION MODE PROCEDURE»(ref-426649-S00975887492011101200000).
7. Start the engine.
8. After starting the engine, wait 5 seconds [B].
9. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
10. Input the DTC: P0230.
11. Check the DTC judgment result [C]. Techstream Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU's memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction.
12. If the test result is UNKNOWN, enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes / Pending.
13. Read Pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning.
14. If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-426655-S13741789592011101200000). HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.

Scheme 916

See also:
• ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION - Step 1
• ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION
• ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION - Step 2
• ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION