Engine Control System (2GR-FE) (Diagnostics - Introduction) (Except Hybrid): Diagnosis Toyota Highlander III

PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE [12/2013 - ]

HINT

1. Use the table below to help determine the cause of problem symptoms. If multiple suspected areas are listed, the potential causes of the symptoms are listed in order of probability in the "Suspected Area" column of the table. Check each symptom by checking the suspected areas in the order they are listed. Replace parts as necessary.
2. Inspect the fuses and relays related to this system before inspecting the suspected areas below.

SFI SYSTEM

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HINT

The standard voltage, resistance and waveform between each pair of the ECM terminals is shown in the table below. The appropriate conditions for checking each pair of the terminals is also indicated. The result of checks should be compared with the standard voltage, resistance and waveform for each pair of the terminals as displayed in the Specified Condition column. The illustration above can be used as a reference to identify the ECM terminal locations.

*1: The ECM terminal voltage is constant regardless of the output voltage from the sensor.

*2: w/ Smart Key System

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1. WAVEFORM 1 ENGINE SPEED SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between TACH and E1 Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 10 ms./DIV. Condition Idling HINT: The wavelength becomes shorter as the engine speed increases.
2. WAVEFORM 2 VEHICLE SPEED SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between SPD and E1 Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 20 ms./DIV. Condition Driving at 20 km/h (12 mph) HINT: The wavelength becomes shorter as the vehicle speed increases.
3. WAVEFORM 3 NO. 1 (TO NO. 6) FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between #10 (to #60) and E01 Tester Range 20 V/DIV., 20 ms./DIV. Condition Idling HINT: The wavelength becomes shorter as the engine speed increases.
4. WAVEFORM 4 CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY (FOR INTAKE CAMSHAFT) OPERATION SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between OC1+ and OC1-, or OC2+ and OC2- Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 1 ms./DIV. Condition Idling
5. WAVEFORM 5 CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY (FOR EXHAUST CAMSHAFT) OPERATION SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between OE1+ and OE1-, or OE2+ and OE2- Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 1 ms./DIV. Condition Idling
6. WAVEFORM 6 CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR SIGNAL AND VVT SENSOR (FOR INTAKE CAMSHAFT) SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between NE+ and NE- Between VV1+ and VV1- Between VV2+ and VV1- Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 20 ms./DIV. Condition Idling HINT: The wavelength becomes shorter as the engine speed increases.
7. WAVEFORM 7 CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR SIGNAL AND VVT SENSOR (FOR EXHAUST CAMSHAFT) SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between NE+ and NE- Between EV1+ and VV1- Between EV2+ and VV1- Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 20 ms./DIV. Condition Idling HINT: The wavelength becomes shorter as the engine speed increases.
8. WAVEFORM 8 ENGINE SPEED SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between NEO and E1 Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 2 ms./DIV. Condition Idling with warm engine HINT: The wavelength becomes shorter as the engine speed increases.
9. WAVEFORM 9 THROTTLE ACTUATOR POSITIVE TERMINAL SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between M+ and ME01 Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 1 ms./DIV. Condition Idling with warm engine HINT: The duty ratio varies depending on the throttle actuator operation.
10. WAVEFORM 10 THROTTLE ACTUATOR NEGATIVE TERMINAL SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between M- and ME01 Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 1 ms./DIV. Condition Idling with warm engine HINT: The duty ratio varies depending on the throttle actuator operation.
11. WAVEFORM 11 IGNITION COIL ASSEMBLY SIGNAL (IGT AND IGF1 SIGNAL) ECM Terminal Name Between IGT (1 to 6) and E1 Between IGF1 and E1 Tester Range 2 V/DIV., 20 ms./DIV. Condition Idling HINT: The wavelength becomes shorter as the engine speed increases.
12. WAVEFORM 12 PURGE VSV OPERATION SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between PRG and E1 Tester Range 10 V/DIV., 20 ms./DIV. Condition Idling with warm engine, under purge control HINT: If the waveform is not similar to the illustration, check the waveform again after idling for 10 minutes or more.
13. WAVEFORM 13 AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (SENSOR 1) HEATER OPERATION SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between HA1A and E05, or HA2A and E05 Tester Range 5 V/DIV., 10 ms./DIV. Condition Idling
14. WAVEFORM 14 HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR (SENSOR 2) SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between OX1B and EX1B, or OX2B and EX2B Tester Range 0.2 V/DIV., 200 ms./DIV. Condition Engine speed maintained at 2500 rpm for 2 minutes after warming up engine HINT: In the Data List, item O2S B1S2 and O2S B2S2 shows the ECM values from the heated oxygen sensor.
15. WAVEFORM 15 KNOCK CONTROL SENSOR SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between KNK1 and EKNK, or KNK2 and EKN2 Tester Range 1 V/DIV., 1 ms./DIV. Condition Engine speed maintained at 4000 rpm after warming up engine HINT: The wavelength becomes shorter as the engine speed increases. The waveforms and amplitudes displayed differ slightly depending on the vehicle condition.
16. WAVEFORM 16 CAN COMMUNICATION SIGNAL (REFERENCE) ECM Terminal Name Between CANH and E1, or CAN+ and E1 Tester Range 1 V/DIV., 10 μs./DIV. Condition Ignition switch ON HINT: The waveform varies depending on the CAN communication signal.
17. WAVEFORM 17 CAN COMMUNICATION SIGNAL (REFERENCE) ECM Terminal Name Between CANL and E1, or CAN- and E1 Tester Range 1 V/DIV., 10 μs./DIV. Condition Ignition switch ON HINT: The waveform varies depending on the CAN communication signal.
18. WAVEFORM 18 COOLING FAN CONTROL SIGNAL ECM Terminal Name Between RFC and E1 Tester Range 1 V/DIV., 20 ms./DIV. Condition Ignition switch ON, A/C switch on (max cool) HINT: The duty ratio varies depending on the engine coolant temperature.

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1. DESCRIPTION When troubleshooting OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) vehicles, the Techstream (complying with SAE J1987) must be connected to the DLC3 (Data Link Connector 3) of the vehicle. Various data in the vehicle's ECM (Engine Control Module) can be then read. OBD II regulations require that the vehicle's on-board computer illuminates the MIL (Malfunction Indicator Lamp) on the instrument panel when the computer detects a malfunction in: The emission control system and components. The powertrain control components (which affect vehicle emissions). The computer itself. In addition, the applicable DTCs prescribed by SAE J2012 are stored in the ECM memory. If the malfunction does not recur in 3 consecutive trips, the MIL turns off automatically but the DTCs remain stored in the ECM memory. To check the DTCs, connect the Techstream to the DLC3. The Techstream displays output DTCs, freeze frame data, and a variety of engine data. The DTCs and freeze frame data can be cleared with the Techstream. In order to enhance OBD function on vehicles and develop the Off-Board diagnosis system, Controller Area Network (CAN) communication is used in this system. CAN is a network which uses a pair of data transmission lines spanning multiple computers and sensors. It allows for high speed communications between the systems and simplification of the wire harness connections.
2. NORMAL MODE AND CHECK MODE The diagnosis system operates in normal mode during normal vehicle use. In normal mode, 2 trip detection logic is used to ensure accurate detection of malfunctions. Check mode is also available as an option for technicians. In check mode, 1 trip detection logic is used for duplicating malfunction symptoms and increasing the system's ability to detect malfunctions, including intermittent problems (Techstream only).
3. 2 TRIP DETECTION LOGIC When a malfunction is first detected, the malfunction is temporarily stored in the ECM memory (1st trip). If the same malfunction is detected during the subsequent drive cycle, the MIL is illuminated (2nd trip).
4. DLC3 (Data Link Connector 3) Check the DLC3. Refer to GENERAL INFORMATION [12/2013 - ]
5. FREEZE FRAME DATA The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can be helpful in determining whether the vehicle was moving or stationary, whether the engine was warmed up or not, whether the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, as well as other data stored at the time of a malfunction.
6. BATTERY VOLTAGE Standard Voltage 11 to 14 V If the voltage is below 11 V, recharge or replace the battery.
7. MIL (Malfunction Indicator Lamp) The MIL is illuminated when the ignition switch is turned to ON (with the engine not running). The MIL turns off when the engine is started. If the MIL remains illuminated, the diagnosis system has detected a malfunction or abnormality in the system. HINT: If the MIL is not illuminated when the ignition switch is turned to ON, check the MIL circuit. Refer to MIL Circuit [12/2013 - ]
8. ALL READINESS HINT: With "All Readiness", you can check whether or not the DTC judgment has been completed by using the Techstream. You should check "All Readiness" after simulating malfunction symptoms or for validation after finishing repairs. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Clear the DTCs. Refer to DTC CHECK / CLEAR [12/2013 - ] Powertrain > Engine > Clear DTCs Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds. Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on. Perform the DTC judgment driving pattern to run the DTC judgment. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Utility / All Readiness. Powertrain > Engine > Utility Tester Display All Readiness Input the DTCs to be confirmed. Check the DTC judgment result. Techstream Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform the driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions N/A Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit

DTC CHECK / CLEAR [12/2013 - ]

Note. When the diagnosis system is changed from normal mode to check mode or vice versa, all DTCs and freeze frame data recorded in normal mode are cleared. Before changing modes, always check and make a note of DTCs and freeze frame data.

HINT

1. DTCs which are stored in the ECM can be displayed on the Techstream. The Techstream can display the current, pending and permanent DTCs.
2. If a malfunction is detected during the current driving cycle, current and permanent DTCs are stored.
3. Some DTCs are not stored if the ECM does not detect the same malfunction again during a second consecutive driving cycle. However, such malfunctions, detected on only one occasion, are stored as pending DTCs.
4. Current and pending DTCs can be cleared by using the Techstream or by disconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal. However, permanent DTCs cannot be cleared using either of these two methods.
5. After clearing current DTCs using the Techstream (or by disconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal), permanent DTCs can be cleared when the system is determined to be normal for the relevant DTCs and then the universal trip is performed. The driving pattern to obtain a normal judgment is described under the "Confirmation Driving Pattern" for the respective DTC.

2 TRIP DETECTION EXAMPLES

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HINT

1. Obtaining a normal judgment and performing a universal trip driving pattern can be done in the same driving cycle or in different driving cycles.
2. It is unnecessary to obtain a normal judgment if the DTCs are misfire or fuel system DTCs.

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1. CHECK DTC Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes. Check the DTC(s) and freeze frame data, and then write them down. Check the details of the DTC(s). Refer to DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART [12/2013 - ] Powertrain > Engine > Trouble Codes
2. CLEAR DTC (Pending and Current DTC) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes. Clear the DTCs. Powertrain > Engine > Clear DTCs
3. CLEAR DTC (Pending and Current DTC without using Techstream) Perform either of the following operations: NOTE: After turning ignition switch off, waiting time may be required before disconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal. Therefore, make sure to read the disconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal notices before proceeding with work. Refer to PRECAUTION [12/2013 - ] Disconnect the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal for more than 1 minute. Remove the EFI NO. 1 and ETCS fuses from the No. 1 engine room relay block and No. 1 junction block assembly located inside the engine compartment for more than 1 minute.
4. CLEAR PERMANENT DTC HINT: Even if the following procedure is not performed, permanent DTCs are cleared by obtaining a normal judgment during 3 consecutive driving cycles. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes. Check if permanent DTCs are stored. Powertrain > Engine > Trouble Codes HINT: If permanent DTCs are not output, it is not necessary to continue this procedure. Clear the DTCs. Powertrain > Engine > Clear DTCs Perform the respective confirmation driving patterns in order to obtain a normal judgment for the output DTCs. HINT: Confirmation driving patterns do not need to be performed for misfire and fuel system DTCs. For the confirmation driving pattern, refer to the procedures for the relevant DTC. Refer to DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART [12/2013 - ] Perform the universal trip. HINT: The driving pattern to obtain a normal judgment and the universal trip driving can be performed consecutively in the same driving cycle. Idle the engine for 30 seconds or more. Drive the vehicle at 40 km/h (25 mph) or more for a total of 5 minutes or more. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws. HINT: It is possible to complete the drive pattern even if the vehicle decelerates to less than 40 km/h (25 mph) during the driving cycle provided that the vehicle is driven at 40 km/h (25 mph) or more for a total of 5 minutes. Allow 10 minutes or more to elapse from the time the engine is started. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes. Check that the permanent DTCs have been cleared. Powertrain > Engine > Trouble Codes HINT: The permanent DTCs are cleared when the universal trip is completed.

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1. DESCRIPTION The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can be helpful in determining whether the vehicle was moving or stationary, whether the engine was warmed up or not, whether the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, as well as other data recorded at the time of a malfunction. HINT: If it is impossible to replicate the problem even though a DTC is detected, confirm the freeze frame data. The ECM records engine conditions in the form of freeze frame data every 0.5 seconds. Using the Techstream, 5 separate sets of freeze frame data can be checked. 3 data sets before the DTC was stored. 1 data set when the DTC was stored. 1 data set after the DTC was stored. These data sets can be used to simulate the condition of the vehicle around the time of the occurrence the malfunction. The data may assist in identifying the cause of the malfunction, and judging whether it was temporary or not.
2. PENDING FREEZE FRAME DATA HINT: Pending freeze frame data is stored when a 2 trip DTC is first detected during the first trip. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes. Powertrain > Engine > Trouble Codes Select a DTC in order to display its pending freeze frame data. HINT: Pending freeze frame data is cleared when any of the following occurs. Using the Techstream, the DTCs cleared. The cable is disconnected from the negative (-) battery terminal. 40 trips with the engine fully warmed up have been performed after returning to normal. (Pending freeze frame data will not be cleared by only returning the system to normal.) With previous pending freeze frame data stored, if pending freeze frame data is newly stored when a 2 trip DTC is detected in the first trip, the old freeze frame data will be replaced with the new data of the newly detected DTC in the next trip.
3. LIST OF FREEZE FRAME DATA Powertrain > Engine Tester Display Vehicle Speed Engine Speed Calculate Load Vehicle Load MAF Atmosphere Pressure Coolant Temp Intake Air Engine Run Time Initial Engine Coolant Temp Initial Intake Air Temp Battery Voltage Glow Indicator Supported Glow Indicator Accel Sens. No. 1 Volt % Accel Sens. No. 2 Volt % Throttle Sensor Volt % Throttle Sensor #2 Volt % Throttle Sensor Position Throttle Motor DUTY Throttle Position ISC Flow ISC Position ISC Feedback Value ISC Learning Value Electric Load Feedback Val Air Conditioner FB Val Low Revolution Control Neutral Control N Range Status Eng Stall Control FB Flow Deposit Loss Flow Fuel Pump Duty Injector (Port) Injection Volum (Cylinder1) Vacuum Pump Current Fuel Type EVAP (Purge) VSV Evap Purge Flow Purge Density Learn Value EVAP System Vent Valve EVAP Purge VSV Purge Cut VSV Duty Target Air-Fuel Ratio AF Lambda B1S1 AF Lambda B2S1 AFS Voltage B1S1 AFS Voltage B2S1 AFS Current B1S1 AFS Current B2S1 A/F Heater Duty #1 A/F Heater Duty #2 O2S B1S2 O2S B2S2 O2S Impedance B1S2 O2S Impedance B2S2 O2 Heater B1S2 O2 Heater B2S2 O2 Heater Curr Val B1S2 O2 Heater Curr Val B2S2 Short FT #1 Long FT #1 Total FT #1 Short FT #2 Long FT #2 Total FT #2 Fuel System Status #1 Fuel System Status #2 IGN Advance Knock Feedback Value Knock Correct Learn Value Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #1 Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #2 Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #3 Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #4 Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #5 Idle Spark Advn Ctrl #6 ACIS VSV Actual VVT Angle #1 Actual VVT Angle #2 Actual VVT Ex Angle #1 Actual VVT Ex Angle #2 VVT Control Status #1 VVT Control Status #2 VVT Advance Fail Catalyst Temp B1S1 Catalyst Temp B2S1 Catalyst Temp B1S2 Catalyst Temp B2S2 Starter Signal Power Steering Signal Neutral Position SW Signal Stop Light Switch A/C Signal Idle Up Signal Closed Throttle Position SW Fuel Cut Condition Immobilizer Communication TC Terminal Time after DTC Cleared Distance from DTC Cleared Warmup Cycle Cleared DTC Dist Batt Cable Disconnect IG OFF Elapsed Time TC and TE1 Total Distance Traveled Ignition Trig. Count Cylinder #1 Misfire Count Cylinder #2 Misfire Count Cylinder #3 Misfire Count Cylinder #4 Misfire Count Cylinder #5 Misfire Count Cylinder #6 Misfire Count All Cylinders Misfire Count Misfire RPM Misfire Load Misfire Margin Catalyst OT MF F/C Cat OT MF F/C History Cat OT MF F/C Cylinder#1 Cat OT MF F/C Cylinder#2 Cat OT MF F/C Cylinder#3 Cat OT MF F/C Cylinder#4 Cat OT MF F/C Cylinder#5 Cat OT MF F/C Cylinder#6 Engine Speed (Starter Off) Starter Count Run Dist of Previous Trip Engine Starting Time Previous Trip Coolant Temp Previous Trip Intake Temp Engine Oil Temperature Previous Trip Eng Oil Temp Ambient Temp for A/C Previous Trip Ambient Temp Engine Start Hesitation Low Rev for Eng Start Minimum Engine Speed A/F Learn Value Idle #1 A/F Learn Value Low #1 A/F Learn Value Mid1 #1 A/F Learn Value Mid2 #1 A/F Learn Value High #1 A/F Learn Value Idle #2 A/F Learn Value Low #2 A/F Learn Value Mid1 #2 A/F Learn Value Mid2 #2 A/F Learn Value High #2 Electric Fan Motor Brake Override System Electric Cooling Fan Low Idle Fuel Cut FC TAU Immobilizer Fuel Cut Immobilizer Fuel Cut History Communication with ECT Electrical Load Signal 1 Electrical Load Signal 2 A/F Sensor Determination (worst value) #1 A/F Sensor Determination (worst value) #2 Engine Speed Fluctuation Avg (worst value) #1 Engine Speed Fluctuation Avg (worst value) #2 Engine Speed Fluctuation Avg (worst value) #3 Engine Speed Fluctuation Avg (worst value) #4 Engine Speed Fluctuation Avg (worst value) #5 Engine Speed Fluctuation Avg (worst value) #6 Received MIL from ECT Shift Position Sig from ECT A/T Oil Temp from ECT SPD (NO) SPD (NT) ECT Lock Up SPD (NC) Overdrive Cut Switch #1 Shift SW Status (P Range) Shift SW Status (R Range) Shift SW Status (N Range) Shift SW Status (N, P Range) Supported Shift SW Status (N, P Range) Sports Shift Up SW Sports Shift Down SW Sports Mode Selection SW Shift SW Status (D Range) Snow or 2nd Start Mode

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART [12/2013 - ]

SFI SYSTEM

See also:
• PROCEDURE - Step 9
• PROCEDURE - Step 2
• PROCEDURE - Step 1
• ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION [12/2013 - ]