MONITOR STRATEGY
| Related DTCs | P0010 VVT OCV range check (bank 1) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | VVT OCV |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 1 second |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| All of following conditions met | |
| Starter | OFF |
| Ignition switch | ON |
| Time after ignition switch OFF to ON | 0.5 seconds or more |
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
| One of following conditions met | |
| A. All of following conditions met | |
| Battery voltage | 11 to 13 V |
| Target duty ratio | Less than 70 % |
| Output signal duty ratio | 100 % |
| B. All of following conditions met | |
| Battery voltage | 13 V or more |
| Target duty ratio | Less than 80 % |
| Output signal duty ratio | 100 % |
| C. Both of following conditions met | |
| Current cut status | Not cut |
| Output signal duty | 3 % or less |
COMPONENT OPERATING RANGE
| VVT OCV duty ratio | 3 to 100 % |
Scheme 200
Scheme 200: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Wait 5 seconds [A].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [B].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0010.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit
- If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 201
Scheme 201: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0011: Advanced camshaft timing P0012: Retarded camshaft timing |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | VVT OCV and VVT controller |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Crankshaft position sensor Camshaft position sensor Engine coolant temperature sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle |
| Duration | Within 10 seconds |
| MIL Operation | Advanced camshaft timing: Immediate Retarded camshaft timing: 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0010 (VVT Oil control valve) P0016 (VVT system - misalignment) P0102, P0103 (Mass air flow meter) P0115, P0117, P0118 (Engine coolant temperature sensor) P0125 (Insufficient coolant temperature for closed loop) P0335 (Crankshaft position sensor) P0340 (Camshaft position sensor) |
| Battery voltage | 11 V or more |
| Engine RPM | 400 to 4000 rpm |
| Engine coolant temperature | 75 to 100°C (167 to 212°F) |
| All of following conditions are met | |
| Deviation of actual valve timing and target valve timing | More than 5°CA (crankshaft angle) |
| Valve timing | No change at advanced (retarded) valve timing |
| All of following conditions are met | |
| Deviation of actual valve timing and target valve timing | More than 5°CA (crankshaft angle) |
| Valve timing | No change at retarded valve timing |
If the difference between the target and actual camshaft timings is greater than the specified value, the ECM operates the VVT actuator.
Then, the ECM monitors the camshaft timing change for 5 seconds.
MONITOR RESULT
Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS, Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS .
Scheme 202
Scheme 202: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and warm it up until the ECT reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher [B].
- Drive the vehicle for 5 minutes or more [C]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Idle the engine for 30 seconds or more [D].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [E].
- Read the pending DTC. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0011 or P0012.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows NORMAL, the system is normal. If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction. If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [F] through [H].
- Drive the vehicle for 5 minutes or more [F]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Idle the engine for 30 seconds or more [G].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [H].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Check the DTC judgment result again. HINT: If the judgment result shows NORMAL, the system is normal. If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction. If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform the following procedure.
- Perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
| Related DTCs | P0013 Exhaust VVT OCV range check |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Exhaust VVT OCV |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 1 second |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| All of following conditions met | |
| Starter | OFF |
| Ignition switch | ON |
| Time after ignition switch OFF to ON | 0.5 seconds or more |
| One of following conditions met | |
| A. All of following conditions met | |
| Battery voltage | 11 to 13 V |
| CPU commanded duty | Less than 70 % |
| Current cut status | Not cut |
| B. All of following conditions met | |
| Battery voltage | 13 V or more |
| Target duty ratio | Less than 80 % |
| Current cut status | Not cut |
| Exhaust VVT OCV condition | No operation record |
| Exhaust VVT OCV condition | Operation record |
CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Wait 5 seconds [A].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [B].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0013.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit
- If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 203
Scheme 203: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0014: Advanced camshaft timing P0015: Retarded camshaft timing |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | VVT OCV and VVT controller |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Crankshaft position sensor Camshaft position sensor Engine coolant temperature sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle |
| Duration | Within 10 seconds |
| MIL Operation | Advanced camshaft timing: 2 driving cycles Retarded camshaft timing: Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0013 (Exhaust VVT Oil control valve) P0017 (Exhaust VVT system - misalignment) P0102, P0103 (Mass air flow meter) P0115, P0117, P0118 (Engine coolant temperature sensor) P0125 (Insufficient coolant temperature for closed loop) P0335 (Crankshaft position sensor) P0340 (Camshaft position sensor) |
| Battery voltage | 11 V or more |
| Engine RPM | 500 to 4000 rpm |
| Engine coolant temperature | 75 to 100°C (167 to 212°F) |
| All of following conditions are met | |
| Valve timing | No change |
| Valve timing | Advance position |
| All of following conditions are met | |
| Valve timing | No change |
| Valve timing | Retarded position |
Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS, Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS .
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and warm it up until the ECT reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher [B].
- Drive the vehicle for 5 minutes or more [C]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Idle the engine for 30 seconds or more [D].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [E].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0014 or P0015.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows NORMAL, the system is normal. If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction. If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [F] through [H].
- Drive the vehicle for 5 minutes or more [F]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Idle the engine for 30 seconds or more [G].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [H].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Check the DTC judgment result again. HINT: If the judgment result shows NORMAL, the system is normal. If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction. If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform the following procedure.
- Perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
PROCEDURE
- CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0014 OR P0015) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes. Read DTCs. Result Result Proceed to P0014 or P0015 A P0014 or P0015 and other DTCs B HINT: If any DTCs other than P0014 or P0015 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first. B --> See step 10 A: Go to next step
- PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (OPERATE OCV) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Start the engine. Turn the Techstream on. Turn the air conditioning switch to ON. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the VVT Exhaust Linear (Bank 1). Check the engine speed while operating the OCV (for exhaust camshaft) using the tester. OK Tester Operation Specified Condition OCV OFF Normal engine speed OCV ON Engine idles roughly or stalls (soon after OCV switched from OFF to ON) HINT: If the result is not acceptable, cool the engine and perform the Active Test again. Start the engine when the engine coolant temperature is 30 °C (86 °F) or less. Turn the Techstream on. Turn the air conditioning switch to ON. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the VVT Exhaust Linear (Bank 1). Check the engine speed while operating the OCV (for exhaust camshaft) using the tester with the engine coolant temperature is 50 °C (122 °F) or less. OK Tester Operation Specified Condition OCV OFF Normal engine speed OCV ON Engine idles roughly or stalls (soon after OCV switched from OFF to ON) NG --> See step 5 OK: Go to next step
- CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0014 OR P0015) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Clear DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . Start the engine and warm it up. Refer to the confirmation driving pattern for P0014, and P0015. Read the output pending DTCs using the Techstream. Result Result Proceed to No output A P0014 or P0015 B B --> See step 8 A --> See step 4
- CHECK FOR INTERMITTENT PROBLEMS. Refer to «CHECK FOR INTERMITTENT PROBLEMS»(ref-388734-S30722680022011031100000)
- INSPECT CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY (FOR EXHAUST CAMSHAFT) Remove the OCV (for exhaust camshaft), Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S33812102812011031100000) . Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below. Standard Resistance Tester Connection Condition Specified Condition 1 - 2 20°C (68°F) 6.9 to 7.9 ohms Apply the positive battery voltage to terminal 1 and negative battery voltage to terminal 2. Check the valve operation. OK Valve moves quickly. Reinstall the OCV (for exhaust camshaft), Refer to «INSTALLATION»(ref-388735-S00587908662011031100000) . NG --> See step 11 OK: Go to next step
- INSPECT CAMSHAFT TIMING GEAR ASSEMBLY (FOR EXHAUST CAMSHAFT) Inspect the camshaft timing gear assembly (for exhaust camshaft), Refer to «INSPECTION - Step 4»(ref-388728-S10679479242011031100000) . NG --> See step 12 OK: Go to next step
- INSPECT OIL CONTROL VALVE FILTER Remove the OCV filter, Refer to «DISASSEMBLY - Step 38»(ref-388728-S16819881332011031100000) . Check that the filter is not clogged. OK Filter is not clogged. Reinstall the OCV filter, Refer to «REASSEMBLY - Step 12»(ref-388728-S18638852092011031100000) . NG --> CLEAN OIL CONTROL VALVE FILTER OK: Go to next step
- ADJUST VALVE TIMING HINT: There are no marks on the cylinder head to match-up for the purpose of checking valve timing. Valve timing can only be inspected by lining up the colored plates on the timing chain with the marks on the pulleys. It may be necessary to remove and re-install the chain to match up the alignment marks, Refer to «REASSEMBLY - Step 25»(ref-388728-S18638852092011031100000) . NEXT: Go to next step
- CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P0014 OR P0015) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Clear DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . Start the engine and warm it up. Refer to the confirmation driving pattern for P0014, and P0015. Read the output pending DTCs using the Techstream. Result Result Proceed to No output A P0014 or P0015 B HINT: DTC P0014 or P0015 is output when foreign objects in engine oil are caught in some part of the system. These codes will stay output for a short time even after the system returns to normal. These foreign objects are then captured by the oil filter, thus eliminating the source of the problem. B --> See step 13 A --> END
- GO TO DTC CHART. Refer to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART»(ref-388734-S31814561492011031100000)
- REPLACE CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSY (FOR EXHAUST CAMSHAFT). Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S33812102812011031100000)
- REPLACE CAMSHAFT TIMING GEAR ASSEMBLY (FOR EXHAUST CAMSHAFT). Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388728-S33413564232011031100000)
- REPLACE ECM. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S27161698942011031100000)
| Related DTCs | P0016: Camshaft Timing Misalignment at idling (for intake camshaft) P0017: Camshaft Timing Misalignment at idling (for exhaust camshaft) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | VVT controller (camshaft timing gear assembly) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Camshaft position sensor Crankshaft position sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle |
| Duration | Less than 1 minute |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0010 (VVT Oil control valve) P0016 (VVT system - misalignment) P0102, P0103 (Mass air flow meter) P0115, P0117, P0118 (Engine coolant temperature sensor) P0125 (Insufficient coolant temperature for closed loop) P0335 (Crankshaft position sensor) P0340 (Camshaft position sensor) |
| Engine RPM | 500 to 1000 rpm |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0013 (Exhaust VVT Oil control valve) P0017 (Exhaust VVT system - misalignment) P0102, P0103 (Mass air flow meter) P0115, P0117, P0118 (Engine coolant temperature sensor) P0125 (Insufficient coolant temperature for closed loop) P0335 (Crankshaft position sensor) P0340 (Camshaft position sensor) |
| Engine RPM | 500 to 1000 rpm |
| One of following conditions met | |
| VVT learning value at maximum retarded valve timing | Less than 22°CA (crankshaft angle) |
| VVT learning value at maximum retarded valve timing | More than 47°CA (crankshaft angle) |
| One of following conditions met | |
| VVT learning value at maximum retarded valve timing | Less than 82.5°CA (crankshaft angle) |
| VVT learning value at maximum retarded valve timing | More than 104.4°CA (crankshaft angle) |
Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS, Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS .
Scheme 204
Scheme 204: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and warm it up until the ECT reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher [B].
- Idle the engine for 5 minutes or more [C].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [D].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0016 or P0017.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction. If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [E] through [G].
- Drive the vehicle for 2 to 3 minutes [E]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Idle the engine for 5 minutes or more [F].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [G].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Check the DTC judgment result.
- If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
| Related DTCs | P0031: Air Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor heater open/short (Low electrical current) P0032: A/F sensor heater open/short (High electrical current) P101D: A/F sensor heater (for Bank 1) performance |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | A/F sensor heater |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 10 seconds: P0031 Within 10 seconds: P0032 1 second: P101D |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| Time after heater ON | 5 seconds or more |
| Heater output duty | 10 % or more |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| Time after heater ON | 5 seconds or more |
| Heater output duty | More than 0 % |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or higher |
| Time after heater ON | 5 seconds or more |
| A/F sensor heater duty-cycle | 10 to 60 % |
| A/F sensor heater current | 0.8 A or higher |
| Heater output | ON |
| A/F sensor heater current | Less than 0.8 A |
| Hybrid IC high current limiter port | Fail |
| Air fuel ratio sensor heater off current | 11 A or more |
| Active heater off control flag for on stuck | ON |
| Hybrid IC high current limiter port | Fail |
| A/F sensor heater resistance | 1.8 to 3.4 ohms at 20°C (68°F) |
Scheme 205
Scheme 205: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and idle it for 5 minutes or more [B].
- With the vehicle stationary, depress the accelerator pedal and maintain an engine speed of 3000 rpm for 1 minute [C].
- Idle the engine for 5 minutes or more [D].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [E].
- Read the DTC. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0031, P0032 or P101D.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit
- If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [B] through [E] again.
- If no DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
| Related DTCs | P0037: Heated oxygen sensor heater (sensor 2) open/short (Low electrical current) P0038: Heated oxygen sensor heater (sensor 2) open/short (High electrical current) P0141: Heated oxygen sensor heater performance (sensor 2) P102D: Heated oxygen sensor heater stuck ON (for Bank 1 Sensor 2) |
| Required sensors/Components (Main) | Heated oxygen sensor heater (sensor 2) |
| Required sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of operation | Continuous: P0037, P0038 and P102D Once per driving cycle: P0141 |
| Duration | 0.5 seconds: P0037, P102D Within 3 seconds: P0038 10 seconds: P0141 |
| MIL operation | Immediate: P0037, P0038 and P102D 2 driving cycles: P0141 |
| Sequence of operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs are not present | None |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or higher |
| Engine | Running |
| Starter | OFF |
| Catalyst active A/F control | Not operating |
| Time after heater ON | 10 seconds or more |
| Learned heater OFF current operation | Complete |
| Heater OFF current learned value | Acquired |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or higher |
| Engine | Running |
| Starter | OFF |
| Catalyst active A/F control | Not operating |
| Time after heater ON | 10 seconds or more |
| Learned heater OFF current operation | Complete |
| Heated oxygen sensor heater OFF current | Higher than 3.5 A |
| Hybrid IC high current limiter port | Fail |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or higher |
| Engine | Running |
| Starter | OFF |
| Catalyst active A/F control | Not operating |
| Time after heater ON | 10 seconds or more |
| Learned heater OFF current operation | Complete |
| One of the following conditions is met | Condition A or B |
| A. All of the following conditions are met | Condition 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 |
| 1. Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| 2. Fuel cut | OFF |
| 3. Time after fuel cut ON to OFF | 30 seconds or more |
| 4. Accumulated heater ON time | 100 seconds or more |
| 5. Learned heater OFF current operation | Completed |
| B. Duration that rear heated oxygen sensor impedance is less than 15 kohms | 2 seconds or more |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or higher |
| Engine | Running |
| Starter | OFF |
| Catalyst active A/F control | Not operating |
| Time after heater ON | 10 seconds or more |
| Learned heater OFF current operation | Complete |
| Hybrid IC high current limiter port | Fall |
| Heater current - Learned heater OFF current | Less than 0.3 A |
| Heated oxygen sensor heater ON current | 1 A or less |
| Hybrid IC high current limiter port | Fail |
| Heated oxygen sensor heater output | ON |
| Accumulated heater resistance | Varies with sensor element temperature (Example: More than 23 ohms) |
P0141 (HEATER PERFORMANCE MONITOR CHECK)
| Heated oxygen sensor heater ON current | Higher than 1 A |
| Heated Oxygen (HO2) sensor heater current | 0.4 to 1 A (when engine idles, HO2 sensor warmed up and battery voltage 11 to 14 V) |
- Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS, Refer to «CHECKING MONITOR STATUS»(ref-388734-S29883165892011031100000) .
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and idle it for 5 minutes or more [B].
- With the vehicle stationary, depress the accelerator pedal and maintain an engine speed of 3000 rpm for 1 minute [C].
- Idle the engine for 5 minutes or more [D].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [E].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0037, P0038, P0141 or P102D.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit
- If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [B] through [E] again.
- If no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
| Related DTCs | P0101: Mass air flow meter rationality |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Mass air flow meter |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor Throttle Position (TP) sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 10 times |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Throttle position (TP sensor voltage) | 0.24 to 2 V |
| Time after engine starts | 5 seconds |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| Estimated Load | 30 to 70 % |
| Engine coolant temperature | 70°C (158°F) or more |
| IAT sensor circuit fail (P0112, P0113) | Not detected |
| ECT sensor circuit fail (P0115, P0117, P0118) | Not detected |
| CKP sensor circuit fail (P0335, P0337, P0338) | Not detected |
| TP sensor circuit fail (P0120, P0121, P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223, P2135) | Not detected |
| EVAP system pressure sensor circuit fail (P0450, P0452, P0453) | Not detected |
| EVAP leak detection pump fail (P2401, P2402) | Not detected |
| EVAP system vent valve fail (P2419, P2420) | Not detected |
| Both of following conditions 1 and 2 met | |
| 1. Averaged engine load value ratio | Less than 0.85, or more than 1.15 (varies with estimated engine load) |
| 2. Averaged air-fuel ratio | Less than -20%, or more than 20% |
- CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0101) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes. Read DTCs. Result Result Proceed to P0101 A P0101 and other DTCs B HINT: If any DTCs other than P0101 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first. B --> See step 4 A: Go to next step
- CHECK AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM Check the air induction system for vacuum leak, Refer to «ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION - Step 1»(ref-388743-S29392626042011031100000) . OK No leak from air induction system. NG --> REPAIR OR REPLACE AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM OK: Go to next step
- CHECK PCV HOSE CONNECTIONS OK PCV hose is connected correctly and is not damaged. NG --> REPAIR OR REPLACE PCV HOSE OK --> See step 5
- GO TO DTC CHART. Refer to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART»(ref-388734-S31814561492011031100000)
- REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S00481504932011031100000)
| Related DTCs | P0102: Mass Air Flow (MAF) meter range check (Low voltage) P0103: MAF meter range check (High voltage) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | MAF meter |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Crankshaft position sensor Throttle position sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 3 seconds |
| MIL Operation | Immediate: Engine RPM less than 4000 rpm 2 driving cycles: Engine RPM 4000 rpm or more |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| MAF meter voltage | Less than 0.2 V |
| MAF meter voltage | More than 4.9 V |
| MAF meter voltage | Between 0.4 V and 4.9 V |
Scheme 206
Scheme 206: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine.
- Idle the engine for 5 seconds [B].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [C].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0102 or P0103.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [B] through [C] again.
- If no DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 207
Scheme 207: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0111: Intake air temperature sensor rationality (After engine stop) P0111: Intake air temperature sensor rationality (After cold engine start) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Sub) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle |
| Duration | 5 hours or more |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs are not present | None |
| Time after engine start | 10 seconds or more |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| IAT sensor circuit fail (P0112, P0113) | Not detected |
| ECT sensor circuit fail (P0115, P0117, P0118) | Not detected |
| MAF sensor circuit fail (P0102, P0103) | Not detected |
| ECT before engine stop | 70°C (158°F) or more |
| Time that MAF is low before engine stop | 2100 seconds |
| Accumulated MAF amount before engine stop | 1463 g or more |
| Key-off duration | 30 minutes |
| Key-off duration | 5 hours |
| Time after engine start | 10 seconds or more |
| IAT sensor circuit fail (P0112, P0113) | Not detected |
| ECT sensor circuit fail (P0115, P0117, P0118) | Not detected |
| MAF sensor circuit fail (P0102, P0103) | Not detected |
| ECT | 70°C (158°F) or more |
| Accumulated MAF amount | 1463 g or more |
| Either of the following conditions 1 or 2 is met | |
| 1. Duration while engine load is low | 120 seconds or more |
| 2. Duration while engine load is high | 10 seconds or more |
| IAT change | Less than 1°C (2°F) |
| IAT change | Less than 1°C (2°F) |
Scheme 208
Scheme 208: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and warm it up until the ECT reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher [B].
- Idle the engine for 5 minutes or more [C]. HINT: During steps [A] through [C], if the change in the intake air temperature is below 1°C (1.8°F), the intake air temperature sensor (MAF meter) is malfunctioning. It is not necessary to continue this procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [D].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0111.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction. If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [E] and [F].
- Drive the vehicle at 40 km/h (25 mph) or more for a total of 5 minutes or more [E]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Check the DTC judgment result again [F]. HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [E] and [F] again.
- If no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
- CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0111) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes. Read DTCs. Result Result Proceed to P0111 and other DTCs A P0111 B HINT: If any DTCs other than P0111 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first. B --> See step 3 A --> See step 2
- GO TO DTC CHART. Refer to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART»(ref-388734-S31814561492011031100000)
- REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S00481504932011031100000)
Scheme 209
- The Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor, mounted on the Mass Air Flow (MAF) meter, monitors the IAT. The IAT sensor has a built-in thermistor with a resistance that varies according to the temperature of the intake air. When the IAT is low, the resistance of the thermistor increases. When the temperature is high, the resistance drops. These variations in resistance are transmitted to the ECM as voltage changes (Scheme 209)
- The IAT sensor is powered by a 5 V supply from the THA terminal of the ECM, via resistor R.
- Resistor R and the IAT sensor are connected in series. When the resistance value of the IAT sensor changes, according to changes in the IAT, the voltage at terminal THA also varies. Based on this signal, the ECM increases the fuel injection volume when the engine is cold to improve driveability. HINT: When any of DTCs P0112 and P0113 are set, the ECM enters fail-safe mode. During fail-safe mode, the IAT is estimated to be 20°C (68°F) by the ECM. Fail-safe mode continues until a pass condition is detected.
| DTC No. | DTC Detection Condition | Trouble Area |
| P0112 | Short in Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor circuit for 0.5 seconds (1 trip detection logic) | Short in IAT sensor circuit IAT sensor (built into mass air flow meter) ECM |
| P0113 | Open in Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor circuit for 0.5 seconds (1 trip detection logic) | Open in IAT sensor circuit IAT sensor (built into mass air flow meter) ECM |
When any of these DTCs are set, check the intake air temperature by entering the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / All Data / Intake Air.
| Temperature Displayed | Malfunction |
| 40°C (-40°F) | Open circuit |
| 140°C (284°F) or higher | Short circuit |
| Related DTCs | P0112: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor range check (Low voltage) P0113: IAT sensor range check (High voltage) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | IAT sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 0.5 seconds |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| IAT sensor voltage [IAT] | Less than 0.18 V [More than 140°C (284°F)] |
| IAT sensor voltage [IAT] | More than 4.91 V [Less than -40°C (-40°F)] |
| IAT sensor voltage [IAT] | 0.18 to 4.91 V [-40 to 140°C (-40 to 284°F)] |
Scheme 210
Scheme 210: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Wait 0.5 seconds or more [A].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [B].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0112 or P0113.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit
- If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 211
Scheme 211: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0115: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor range check (Fluctuating) P0117: ECT sensor range check (Low voltage) P0118: ECT sensor range check (High voltage) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | ECT sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 0.5 seconds |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| ECT sensor voltage | Less than 0.14 V, or more than 4.91 V |
| ECT sensor voltage [ECT] | Less than 0.14 V [More than 140°C (284°F)] |
| ECT sensor voltage [ECT] | More than 4.91 V [Less than -40°C (-40°F)] |
| ECT sensor voltage [ECT] | 0.14 to 4.91 V [-40 to 140°C (-40 to 284°F)] |
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Wait 0.5 seconds or more [A].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [B].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0115, P0117 or P0118.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit
- If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 212
Scheme 212: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0116: Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor cold start monitor P0116: ECT sensor soak monitor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | ECT sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | None |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle |
| Duration | 5 hours or more |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| Time after engine start | 1 second or more |
| ECT at engine start | Less than 60°C (140°F) |
| ECT sensor circuit fail (P0115, P0117, P0118, P0125) | Not detected |
| IAT sensor circuit fail (P0112, P0113) | Not detected |
| Soak time | 0 or more |
| Accumulated MAF | 851 g or more |
| Fuel cut | OFF |
| Difference between ECT at engine start and IAT | Less than 40°C (72°F) |
ECT SENSOR COLD START MONITOR
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| Engine | Running |
| ECT sensor circuit fail (P0115, P0117, P0118, P0125) | Not detected |
| IAT sensor circuit fail (P0112, P0113) | Not detected |
| Soak time | 5 hours or more |
| Either (a) or (b) condition met | |
| (a) ECT | 60°C (140°F) or more |
| (b) Accumulated MAF | 1680 g or more |
| ECT sensor value change | Less than 5°C (9°F) |
ECT SENSOR COLD START MONITOR
| Difference between current ECT sensor value and previous ECT sensor value when engine stopped | Less than 5°C (9°F) |
| ECT | ECT sensor value changes in accordance with actual ECT |
Scheme 213
Scheme 213: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Enter the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Coolant Temp.
- Check that the coolant temperature is 60°C (140°F) or less.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and idle it for 5 minutes or more [B]. HINT: If the engine coolant temperature does not change by 5°C (9°F) or higher, the ECT sensor is malfunctioning. It is not necessary to continue this procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [C].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0116.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [D] and [E].
- Drive the vehicle at 40 km/h (25 mph) or more for a total of 5 minutes or more [D]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws. HINT: In the event of the drive pattern being interrupted (possibly due to factors such as traffic conditions), the drive pattern can be resumed.
- Check the DTC judgment result again [E]. HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [D] and [E] again.
- If no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
- CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0116) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes. Read DTCs. Result Result Proceed to P0116 A P0116 and other DTCs B B --> See step 3 A: Go to next step
- INSPECT THERMOSTAT Remove the thermostat, Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388731-S34573600472011031100000) . Measure the valve opening temperature of the thermostat. Standard value 80 to 84°C (176 to 183°F) HINT: In addition to the above check, confirm that the valve is completely closed when the temperature is below the standard. Reinstall the thermostat, Refer to «INSTALLATION»(ref-388731-S19533256572011031100000) . NG --> See step 4 OK --> See step 5
- GO TO DTC CHART. Refer to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART»(ref-388734-S31814561492011031100000)
- REPLACE THERMOSTAT. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388731-S34573600472011031100000)
- REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S27134545902011031100000)
| Related DTCs | P011B: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) / Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor correlation |
| Required Sensors / Components (Main) | ECT / IAT sensor |
| Required Sensors / Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle |
| Duration | 7 hours or more |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Soak timer circuit fail (P2610) | Not detected |
| All of following conditions met | Conditions 1 and 2 |
| 1. All of following conditions met | Conditions (a), (b), (c) and (d) |
| (a) After ignition switch ON and engine not running time | Less than 20 seconds |
| (b) Soak Time | 7 hours or more |
| (c) Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| (d) Time after engine start | 34 seconds or more |
| 2. Either of the following conditions is met | Condition (a) and (b) |
| (a) Minimum IAT after engine start | 10°C (14°F) or more |
| (b) ECT before engine start | 10°C (14°F) or more |
| Deviated ECT and IAT | Less than -20°C (-36°F) or more than 20°C (36°F) |
Scheme 214
Scheme 214: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation) [A].
- Turn the ignition switch off.
- With the engine stopped, leave the vehicle as is for 7.5 hours or more [B].
- Start the engine and wait 60 seconds or more [C].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [D].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P011B.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [A] through [D] again.
- If no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
- CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO P011B) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes. Read DTCs. Result Result Proceed to P011B A P011B and other DTCs B HINT: If any DTCs other than P011B are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first. B --> See step 4 A: Go to next step
- READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE) Leave the vehicle for 7 hours or more. HINT: It is necessary leave the vehicle for 7 hours or more to allow conditions similar to the DTC detection conditions. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / All Data / Intake Air. Read the value displayed on the tester. OK The difference between the intake air temperature and the actual outside air temperature is within 10°C (18°F). HINT: Temperature readings on the vehicle's outside temperature gauge (if equipped) are not suitable for comparing to the IAT reading. The outside temperature gauge has a significant delay built in to prevent temperature swings from being displayed on its display. Use an accurate thermometer to determine the outside air temperature. NG --> See step 5 OK: Go to next step
- READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (COOLANT TEMPERATURE) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / All Data / Coolant Temp. Read the value displayed on the tester. OK The difference between the coolant temperature and the actual outside air temperature is within 10°C (18°F). HINT: If the result is not as specified, check that there are no heat sources such as a block heater in the engine compartment. NG --> See step 7 OK --> See step 6
- GO TO DTC CHART. Refer to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART»(ref-388734-S31814561492011031100000)
- REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S00481504932011031100000)
- REPLACE ECM. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S27161698942011031100000)
- REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S27134545902011031100000)
| Related DTCs | P0120: Throttle position sensor 1 range check (Fluctuating) P0121: Throttle Position sensor rationality P0122: Throttle position sensor 1 range check (Low voltage) P0123: Throttle position sensor 1 range check (High voltage) P0220: Throttle position sensor 2 range check (Fluctuating) P0222: Throttle position sensor 2 range check (Low voltage) P0223: Throttle position sensor 2 range check (High voltage) P2135: Throttle position sensor range check (Correlation) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Throttle position sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 2 seconds: P0120, P0122, P0123, P0220, P0222 and P0223 Within 2 seconds: P0121 0.5 seconds: P2135 Case 1 0.4 seconds: P2135 Case 2 |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Either of following conditions A or B met | |
| A. Ignition switch ON | 0.012 seconds or more |
| B. Electronic throttle actuator power | ON |
P0120, P0122, P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223, P2135
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0120, P0122, P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223, P2135 (Throttle position sensor) |
| Either of following conditions A or B set | |
| A. Ignition switch | ON |
| B. Electric throttle motor power | ON |
| VTA1 voltage | 0.2 V or less, or 4.535 V or more |
| Either of following conditions set | |
| Difference of TP sensor voltage between VTA1 and (VTA2 x 0.8) | Higher than 1.6 V |
| Difference of TP sensor voltage between VTA1 and (VTA2 x 0.8) | Lower than 0.8 V |
| VTA1 voltage | 0.2 V or less |
| VTA1 voltage | 4.535 V or more |
| Either of following conditions A or B met | |
| A. VTA2 voltage | 1.75 V or less |
| B. VTA2 voltage when VTA1 0.2 V or more, and 2.02 V or less | 4.8 V or more |
| VTA2 voltage | 1.75 V or less |
| VTA2 voltage when VTA1 0.2 V or more, and 2.02 V or less | 4.8 V or more |
| Difference between VTA1 and VTA2 voltages | 0.02 V or less |
| VTA1 voltage | 0.2 V or less |
| VTA2 voltage | 1.75 V or less |
| VTA1 voltage | 0.69 to 4.05 V |
| VTA2 voltage | 2.25 to 4.8 V |
Scheme 215
Scheme 215: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine.
- With the vehicle stationary, fully depress and release the accelerator pedal [B].
- Idle the engine for 2 seconds or more [C].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [D].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0120, P0121, P0122, P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223 or P2135.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction. If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [B] through [D] again.
- If no DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
FAIL-SAFE
When any of these DTCs or other DTCs relating to ETCS (Electronic Throttle Control System) malfunctions, are set, the ECM enters fail-safe mode. During fail-safe mode, the ECM cuts the current to the throttle actuator, and the throttle valve is returned to a 6° throttle angle by the return spring. The ECM then adjusts the engine output by controlling the fuel injection (intermittent fuel-cut) and ignition timing, in accordance with the accelerator pedal opening angle, to allow the vehicle to continue at a minimal speed. If the accelerator pedal is depressed firmly and gently, the vehicle can be driven slowly.
Fail-safe mode continues until a pass condition is detected, and the ignition switch is then turned to OFF.
Scheme 216
Scheme 216: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0125: Insufficient engine coolant temperature for closed-loop fuel control |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Engine coolant temperature sensor Thermostat Cooling system |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle |
| Duration | 62 seconds: Engine coolant temperature at engine start -3.33°C (26°F) or more 125 seconds: Engine coolant temperature at engine start -3.33 to -14.44°C (26 to 6°F) 1200 seconds: Engine coolant temperature at engine start less than -14.44°C (6°F) |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Thermostat fail (P0128) | Not detected |
| IAT sensor circuit fail (P0112, P0113) | Not detected |
| ECT sensor circuit fail (P0115, P0117, P0118) | Not detected |
| MAF sensor circuit fail (P0101, P0102, P0103,) | Not detected |
| Time until actual engine coolant temperature reaches closed-loop fuel control enabling temperature | 62 seconds: Engine coolant temperature at engine start -3.33°C (26°F) or more 125 seconds: Engine coolant temperature at engine start -3.33 to -14.44°C (26 to 6°F) 1200 seconds: Engine coolant temperature at engine start less than -14.44°C (6°F) |
Scheme 217
Scheme 217: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Leave the vehicle outside overnight.
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Enter the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / Coolant Temp.
- Check that the engine coolant temperature is 10°C (50°F) or less.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine.
- Wait 21 minutes or more [B].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [C].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0125.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit
- If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
- CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0125) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes. Read DTCs. Result Result Proceed to P0125 A P0125 and other DTCs B HINT: If any DTCs other than P0125 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first. B --> See step 4 A: Go to next step
- INSPECT THERMOSTAT Remove the thermostat, Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388731-S34573600472011031100000) . Check the valve opening temperature of the thermostat. Standard value 80 to 84°C (176 to 183°F) HINT: In addition to the above check, confirm that the valve is completely closed when the temperature is below the standard. Reinstall the thermostat, Refer to «INSTALLATION»(ref-388731-S19533256572011031100000) . NG --> See step 5 OK: Go to next step
- CHECK COOLING SYSTEM Check for defects in the cooling system that might cause the system to be too cold, such as abnormal radiator fan operation or any modifications. NG --> REPAIR OR REPLACE COOLING SYSTEM OK --> See step 6
- GO TO DTC CHART. Refer to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART»(ref-388734-S31814561492011031100000)
- REPLACE THERMOSTAT. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388731-S34573600472011031100000)
- REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S27134545902011031100000)
| Related DTCs | P0128: Coolant Thermostat |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Thermostat Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor Vehicle speed sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle |
| Duration | 900 seconds |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0010 (VVT Oil control valve) P0011 (VVT system - advance) P0012 (VVT system - retard) P0013 (Exhaust VVT Oil control valve) P0014 (Exhaust VVT system - advance) P0015 (Exhaust VVT system - retard) P0016 (VVT system - misalignment) P0017 (Exhaust VVT system - misalignment) P0031, P0032, P101D (Air fuel ratio sensor heater - sensor 1) P0102, P0103 (Mass air flow meter) P0112, P0113 (Intake air temperature sensor) P0115, P0117, P0118 (Engine coolant temperature sensor) P0120 - P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223, P2135 (Throttle position sensor) P0171, P0172 (Fuel system) P0301 - P0304 (Misfire) P0335 (Crankshaft position sensor) P0340, P0342, P0343 (VVT sensor) P0365, P0367, P0368 (Exhaust VVT sensor) P0351 - P0354 (Igniter) P0500 (Vehicle speed sensor) P2195, P2196 (Air fuel ratio sensor) P2237 - P2239, P2252, P2253 (Air fuel ratio sensor) P2A00 (Air fuel ratio sensor) |
| Battery voltage | 11 V or more |
| Either of following conditions 1 or 2 met | |
| 1. All of following conditions met | |
| ECT at engine start - IAT at engine start | 15 to 7°C (-27 to 12.6°F) |
| ECT at engine start | 10 to 56°C (14 to 133°F) |
| IAT at engine start | 10 to 56°C (14 to 133°F) |
| 2. All of following conditions met | |
| ECT at engine start - IAT at engine start | More than 7°C (12.6°F) |
| ECT at engine start | 56°C (133°F) or less |
| IAT at engine start | 10°C (14°F) or more |
| Accumulated time at 128 km/h (80 mph) or more of vehicle speed | Less than 20 seconds |
| Duration that both of following conditions (a) and (b) met | 5 seconds or more |
| (a) Estimated ECT | 75°C (167°F) or more |
| (b) ECT sensor output | Below 75°C (167°F) |
Scheme 218
Scheme 218: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Stop the engine and allow it to soak.
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Enter the following menu items: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Data List / All Data / Coolant Temp and Intake Air.
- Check that "Coolant Temp" is 56°C (133°F) or less and "Intake Air" is between 0 and 35°C (0 and 95°F).
- Set the heater to MAX HOT with new air mode selected and turn the A/C off.
- Start the engine and drive the vehicle at 80 km/h (50 mph) for 15 minutes [B]. HINT: Data can be captured relatively easily by using the snapshot function in the Data List. Enter the following menu: Data List / Function / Snapshot configuration / Record time / 5 min. Data capture can be started by using the target point function. For example, setting the target point to an engine speed of 4000 rpm and then revving the engine, etc. to raise the engine speed to a speed of 4000 rpm or more will cause data capture to start.
- After "Coolant Temp" stabilizes, check that "Coolant Temp" is 75°C (167°F) or higher [C]. HINT: If "Coolant Temp" is below 75°C (167°F) while driving the vehicle at 80 km/h (50 mph), inspect the cooling system and thermostat.
- CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO DTC P0128) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3. Turn the ignition switch to ON. Turn the Techstream on. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes. Read DTCs. Result Result Proceed to P0128 A P0128 and other DTCs B HINT: If any DTCs other than P0128 are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first. B --> See step 4 A: Go to next step
- CHECK COOLING SYSTEM Check for defects in the cooling system that might cause the system to be too cold, such as abnormal radiator fan operation or any modifications. NG --> REPAIR OR REPLACE COOLING SYSTEM OK: Go to next step
- INSPECT THERMOSTAT Remove the thermostat, Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388731-S34573600472011031100000) . Measure the valve opening temperature of the thermostat. Standard value 80 to 84°C (176 to 183°F) HINT: In addition to the above check, confirm that the valve is completely closed when the temperature is below the standard. Reinstall the thermostat, Refer to «INSTALLATION»(ref-388731-S19533256572011031100000) . NG --> See step 5 OK --> See step 6
- GO TO DTC CHART. Refer to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE CHART»(ref-388734-S31814561492011031100000)
- REPLACE THERMOSTAT. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388731-S34573600472011031100000)
- REPLACE ECM. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-388735-S27161698942011031100000)
| Related DTCs | P0136: Heated oxygen sensor output voltage (Output voltage) P0136: Heated oxygen sensor impedance (Low) P0137: Heated oxygen sensor output voltage (Low voltage) P0137: Heated oxygen sensor impedance (High) P0138: Heated oxygen sensor output voltage (High voltage) P0138: Heated oxygen sensor output voltage (Extremely high) P0139: Heated oxygen sensor output voltage during fuel cut |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Heated oxygen sensor (sensor 2) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Crankshaft position sensor Engine coolant temperature sensor Mass air flow meter Throttle position sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Once per driving cycle: Active air-fuel ratio control detection, Abnormal voltage during fuel cut Continuous: Other |
| Duration | 20 seconds: Heated oxygen sensor output (Output voltage, High voltage, Low voltage) 30 seconds: Heated oxygen sensor impedance (Low) 90 seconds: Heated oxygen sensor impedance (High) 10 seconds: Heated oxygen sensor voltage (Extremely high) 7 seconds: Heated oxygen sensor voltage during fuel cut |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0016 (VVT system - misalignment) P0017 (Exhaust VVT system - misalignment) P0031, P0032, P101D (Air fuel ratio sensor heater - sensor 1) P0037, P0038, P102D (Heated oxygen sensor heater - sensor 2) P0102, P0103 (Mass air flow meter) P0112, P0113 (Intake air temperature sensor) P0115, P0117, P0118 (Engine coolant temperature sensor) P0120 - P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223, P2135 (Throttle position sensor) P0125 (Insufficient coolant temperature for closed loop) P0128 (Thermostat) P0171, P0172 (Fuel system) P0301 - P0304 (Misfire) P0335 (Crankshaft position sensor) P0340 (Camshaft position sensor) P0451, P0452, P0453 (EVAP system) P0500 (Vehicle speed sensor) P2195, P2196 (Air fuel ratio sensor) P2237 - P2239, P2252, P2253 (Air fuel ratio sensor) P2A00 (Air fuel ratio sensor) |
| Active air-fuel ratio control | Performing |
| Active air-fuel ratio control begins when all of following conditions met | |
| Battery voltage | 11 V or more |
| Engine coolant temperature | 75°C (167°F) or more |
| Idling | OFF |
| Engine RPM | Less than 4000 rpm |
| A/F sensor status | Activated |
| Fuel system status | Closed loop |
| Fuel cut | OFF |
| Engine load | 10 to 80% |
| Shift position | 3rd or more (AT), 4th (MT) |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE (OUTPUT VOLTAGE, HIGH VOLTAGE AND LOW VOLTAGE)
| Battery voltage | 11 V or more |
| Estimated sensor temperature | Less than 700°C (1292°F) |
| ECM monitor | Completed |
| DTC P0607 | Not set |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR IMPEDANCE (LOW)
| Battery voltage | 11 V or more |
| Estimated sensor temperature | 450 to 750°C (842 to 1382°F) or higher |
| DTC P0607 | Not set |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR IMPEDANCE (HIGH)
| Battery voltage | 11 V or more |
| Time after engine start | 2 seconds or more |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE (EXTREMELY HIGH)
| Engine coolant temperature | 75°C (167°F) or more |
| Catalyst temperature | 400°C (752°F) or more |
| Fuel cut | ON |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR VOLTAGE DURING FUEL CUT
| Either of following conditions met | 1 or 2 |
| 1. All of following conditions (a), (b) and (c) met | |
| (a) Commanded air-fuel ratio | 14.2 or less |
| (b) Rear HO2 sensor voltage | 0.21 to 0.59 V |
| (c) OSC (Oxygen Storage Capacity of Catalyst) | 2 g or more |
| 2. All of following conditions (d), (e) and (f) met | |
| (d) Commanded air-fuel ratio | 15 or more |
| (e) Rear HO2 sensor voltage | 0.21 to 0.59 V |
| (f) OSC | 2 g or more |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE (OUTPUT VOLTAGE)
| All of following conditions (a), (b) and (c) met | |
| (a) Commanded air-fuel ratio | 14.2 or less |
| (b) Rear HO2 sensor voltage | Less than 0.21 V |
| (c) OSC (Oxygen Storage Capacity of Catalyst) | 2 g or more |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE (LOW OUTPUT VOLTAGE)
| All of following conditions (a), (b) and (c) met | |
| (a) Commanded air-fuel ratio | 15 or more |
| (b) Rear HO2 sensor voltage | More than 0.59 V |
| (c) OSC (Oxygen Storage Capacity of Catalyst) | 2 g or more |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE (HIGH OUTPUT VOLTAGE)
| Duration of following condition | 30 seconds or more |
| Heated oxygen sensor impedance | Less than 5 ohms |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR IMPEDANCE (LOW)
| Duration of following condition | 90 seconds or more |
| Heated oxygen sensor impedance | 15 kohms or more |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR IMPEDANCE (HIGH)
| Duration of following condition | 10 seconds or more |
| Heated oxygen sensor voltage | 1.2 V or higher |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE (EXTREMELY HIGH)
| Duration until rear heated oxygen sensor voltage drops to 0.2 V after fuel cut | 7 seconds or more |
| Duration until rear heated oxygen sensor voltage drops from 0.35 V to 0.2 V during fuel cut | 1 second or more |
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR VOLTAGE DURING FUEL-CUT
| Duration of following condition | 30 seconds or more |
| Heated oxygen sensor voltage | Varies between 0.1 V and 0.9 V |
Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS, Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS .
- This confirmation driving pattern is used in the "Perform Confirmation Driving Pattern" procedure of the following diagnostic troubleshooting procedure.
- Performing this confirmation driving pattern will activate the Heated Oxygen (HO2) sensor monitor (The catalyst monitor is performed simultaneously). This is very useful for verifying the completion of a repair.
Scheme 219
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and warm it up until the ECT reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher [B].
- Drive the vehicle at 60 to 120 km/h (37 to 75 mph) for 10 minutes or more [C]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Code [D].
- Read Pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC or current DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0136, P0137 or P0138.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [C] and [D].
- If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 220
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and warm it up until the ECT reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher [B].
- Drive the vehicle at 60 km/h (37 mph), and then decelerate the vehicle by releasing the accelerator pedal for 8 seconds or more to perform the fuel-cut [C]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Code [D].
- Read Pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC or current DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0139.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, move the shift lever to 2 and then perform steps [C] through [D] again.
- If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 221
Scheme 221: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0171: Fuel trim Lean (bank 1) P0172: Fuel trim Rich (bank 1) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Fuel system |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Air Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor Mass air flow meter Crankshaft position sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | Within 10 seconds |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0010 (VVT Oil control valve) P0011 (VVT system - advance) P0012 (VVT system - retard) P0013 (Exhaust VVT Oil control valve) P0014 (Exhaust VVT system - advance) P0015 (Exhaust VVT system - retard) P0016 (VVT system - misalignment) P0017 (Exhaust VVT system - misalignment) P0031, P0032, P101D (Air fuel ratio sensor heater - sensor 1) P0102, P0103 (Mass air flow meter) P0115, P0117, P0118 (Engine coolant temperature sensor) P0120 - P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223, P2135 (Throttle position sensor) P0125 (Insufficient coolant temperature for closed loop) P0335 (Crankshaft position sensor) P0340, P0342, P0343 (VVT sensor) P0365, P0367, P0368 (Exhaust VVT sensor) P0351 - P0354 (Igniter) P0500 (Vehicle speed sensor) |
| Fuel system status | Closed-loop |
| Battery voltage | 11 V or more |
| Either of following conditions 1 or 2 set | |
| 1. Engine RPM | Below 720 rpm |
| 2. Intake air amount per revolution | 0.16 g/rev or more |
| Catalyst monitor | No executed |
| Purge-cut | Executing |
| Either of following conditions 1 or 2 met | |
| 1. Average between short-term fuel trim and long-term fuel trim | 35% or more (varies with ECT) |
| 2. Average between short-term fuel trim and long-term fuel trim | 35% or less (varies with ECT) |
Scheme 222
Scheme 222: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and warm it up (until the engine coolant temperature is 75°C (167°F) or higher) with all the accessories switched off [B].
- With the engine warmed up, idle the engine for 2 minutes or more [C].
- Drive the vehicle at between 60 and 120 km/h (38 and 75 mph) and at an engine speed of between 1400 and 3200 rpm for 5 minutes or more [D]. WARNING: When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [E].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0171 or P0172.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [C] through [E] again.
- If no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
| Related DTCs | P0300: Multiple cylinder misfire P0301: Cylinder 1 misfire P0302: Cylinder 2 misfire P0303: Cylinder 3 misfire P0304: Cylinder 4 misfire |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Crankshaft position sensor Camshaft position sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Engine coolant temperature Intake air temperature sensor Mass air flow meter |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 1000 to 4000 crankshaft revolutions: Emission related misfire 200 to 600 crankshaft revolutions: Catalyst damaged misfire |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles: Emission related misfire MIL flashes immediately: Catalyst damaged misfire |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | P0016 (VVT system - misalignment) P0017 (Exhaust VVT system - misalignment) P0102, P0103 (Mass air flow meter) P0112, P0113 (Intake air temperature sensor) P0115, P0117, P0118 (Engine coolant temperature sensor) P0120 - P0123, P0220, P0222, P0223, P2135 (Throttle position sensor) P0125 (Insufficient coolant temperature for closed loop) P0327, P0328 (Knock sensor) P0335 (Crankshaft position sensor) P0340 (Camshaft position sensor) P0351 - P0354 (Igniter) P0500 (Vehicle speed sensor) |
| Battery voltage | 8 V or more |
| VVT system | Not operated by scan tool |
| Engine RPM | 450 to 6400 rpm |
| Either of following conditions (a) or (b) met | |
| (a) ECT at engine start | More than -7°C (19°F) |
| (b) ECT | More than 20°C (68°F) |
| Fuel cut | OFF |
| First 1000 revolutions after engine start, or Check Mode | Crankshaft 1000 revolutions |
| Except above | Crankshaft 1000 revolutions x 4 |
MONITOR PERIOD OF EMISSION-RELATED-MISFIRE
| All of following conditions 1, 2 and 3 met | Crankshaft 200 revolutions x 3 |
| 1. Driving cycles | 1st |
| 2. Check mode | OFF |
| 3. Engine RPM | Less than 2520 rpm |
| Except above | Crankshaft 200 revolutions |
MONITOR PERIOD OF CATALYST-DAMAGED-MISFIRE (MIL BLINKS)
| Misfire rate | 1.23 % or more |
MONITOR PERIOD OF EMISSION-RELATED-MISFIRE
| Number of misfire per 200 revolutions | 124 or more (varies with intake air amount per RPM) |
MONITOR PERIOD OF CATALYST-DAMAGED-MISFIRE (MIL BLINKS)
Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS, Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS .
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON.
- Turn the Techstream on.
- Record the DTC(s) and freeze frame data.
- Using the tester, switch the ECM from normal mode to check mode, Refer to «CHECK MODE PROCEDURE»(ref-388734-S35382545492011031100000) .
- Read the misfire counts of each cylinder, Cylinder #1 Misfire Count to Cylinder #4 Misfire Count, with the engine in an idling condition. If any misfire count is displayed, skip the following confirmation driving pattern.
- Drive the vehicle several times with the conditions, such as engine rpm and engine load, shown in Misfire RPM and Misfire Load in the Data List. HINT: In order to store misfire DTCs, it is necessary to operate the vehicle for the period of time shown in the table below, using the Misfire RPM and Misfire Load in the Data List. Engine RPM Duration Idling 8 minutes or more 1000 4.5 minutes or more 2000 2.5 minutes or more 3000 1.5 minutes or more
- Check whether misfires have occurred by checking DTCs and freeze frame data. HINT: Do not turn the ignition switch to OFF until the stored DTC(s) and freeze frame data have been recorded. When the ECM returns to normal mode (default), the stored DTC(s), freeze frame data and other data will be erased.
- Record the DTC(s), freeze frame data and misfire counts.
- Turn the ignition switch to OFF and wait for at least 5 seconds.
| Related DTCs | P0327: Knock sensor (bank 1) range check (Low voltage) P0328: Knock sensor (bank 1) range check (High voltage) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Knock sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 1 second |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Battery voltage | 10.5 V or more |
| Time after engine start | 5 seconds or more |
| Knock sensor voltage | Less than 0.5 V |
KNOCK SENSOR RANGE CHECK (LOW VOLTAGE) P0327
| Knock sensor voltage | More than 4.5 V |
KNOCK SENSOR RANGE CHECK (HIGH VOLTAGE) P0328
Scheme 223
Scheme 223: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine and wait 10 seconds.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [B].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0327 or P0328.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, idle the engine for 5 minutes and check the DTC judgment result again [C].
- If no DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 224
Scheme 224: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0335: Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor range check or rationality |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | CKP sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 3 times |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Time after starter OFF to ON | 3 seconds or more |
| Number of CMP sensor signal pulse | 6 times |
| Battery voltage | 7 V or more |
| Ignition switch | ON |
| CMP sensor circuit fail (P0340, P0342, P0343) | Not detected |
| Starter | OFF |
| Engine speed | 600 rpm or more |
| Time after starter from ON to OFF | 3 seconds or more |
| Number of CKP sensor signal pulse | 132 or less, and 174 or more |
| Engine speed signal | No signal |
| CKP sensor | CKP sensor output voltage fluctuates while crankshaft revolving 34 CKP sensor signals per crankshaft revolution |
Scheme 225
Scheme 225: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine.
- Idle the engine for 20 seconds or more [B].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [C].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0335 or P0339.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [B] through [C] again.
- If no DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
Scheme 226
Scheme 226: WIRING DIAGRAM
| Related DTCs | P0340: Camshaft position sensor range check (cranking) P0340: Camshaft position/crankshaft position misalignment P0340: Camshaft position sensor range check (fluctuating) P0342: Camshaft position sensor range check (Low voltage) P0343: Camshaft position sensor range check (High voltage) |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 4 seconds |
| MIL Operation | 2 driving cycles: CMP sensor range check (cranking) (P0340) Immediate: Camshaft position/crankshaft position misalignment (P0340) CMP sensor range check (P0340, P0342, P0343) |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Starter | ON |
| Minimal battery voltage while starter ON | Less than 11 V |
P0340 CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR RANGE CHECK (CRANKING)
| Engine speed | 600 rpm or more |
| Starter | OFF |
P0340 CAMSHAFT POSITION/CRANKSHAFT POSITION MISALIGNMENT
| Starter | OFF |
| Ignition switch | ON |
| Time after ignition switch OFF to ON | 2 seconds |
P0340, P0342, P0343 CMP SENSOR RANGE CHECK
| CMP sensor signal | No signal |
P0340 CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR RANGE CHECK (CRANKING)
| Camshaft position and crankshaft position phase | Misaligned |
P0340 CAMSHAFT POSITION/CRANKSHAFT POSITION MISALIGNMENT
| Camshaft position sensor voltage | Less than 0.3 V, or more than 4.7 V |
P0340 CMP SENSOR RANGE CHECK
| Camshaft position sensor voltage | Less than 0.3 V |
P0342 CMP SENSOR RANGE CHECK
| Camshaft position sensor voltage | More than 4.7 V |
P0343 CMP SENSOR RANGE CHECK
| CMP sensor | CMP sensor output voltage fluctuates while camshaft revolving 3 CMP sensor signals per 2 crankshaft revolutions |
| CMP sensor voltage | 0.3 to 4.7 V |
Scheme 227
Scheme 227: CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine.
- Idle the engine for 10 seconds or more [B].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [C].
- Read the pending DTCs. HINT: If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0340, P0342 or P0343.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [B] through [C] again.
- If no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.
| Related DTCs | P0351: Igniter (cylinder 1) malfunction P0352: Igniter (cylinder 2) malfunction P0353: Igniter (cylinder 3) malfunction P0354: Igniter (cylinder 4) malfunction |
| Required Sensors/Components (Main) | Igniter |
| Required Sensors/Components (Related) | Crankshaft position sensor |
| Frequency of Operation | Continuous |
| Duration | 0.256 seconds |
| MIL Operation | Immediate |
| Sequence of Operation | None |
| Monitor runs whenever following DTCs not present | None |
| Either of following conditions A or B met | |
| A. Engine RPM | 1,500 rpm or less |
| B. Starter | OFF |
| Either of following conditions C or D met | |
| C. Both of following conditions (a) and (b) met | |
| (a) Engine speed | 500 rpm or less |
| (b) Battery voltage | 6 V or more |
| D. All of following conditions (a), (b) and (c) met | |
| (a) Engine speed | More than 500 rpm |
| (b) Battery voltage | 10 V or more |
| (c) Number of sparks after CPU reset | 5 sparks or more |
| IGF signal | ECM does not receive any IGF signal despite ECM sending IGT signal to igniter |
| IGF signal | Igniter transmits IGF signal when it receives IGT signal from ECM |
- Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on.
- Clear DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC operation).
- Turn the ignition switch off and wait for at least 30 seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to ON and turn the Techstream on [A].
- Start the engine.
- Idle the engine for 10 seconds or more [B].
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Trouble Codes [C].
- Read the DTCs. HINT: If a DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If a DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.
- Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Utility / All Readiness.
- Input the DTC: P0351, P0352, P0353 or P0354.
- Check the DTC judgment result. Tester Display Description NORMAL DTC judgment completed System normal ABNORMAL DTC judgment completed System abnormal INCOMPLETE DTC judgment not completed Perform driving pattern after confirming DTC enabling conditions UNKNOWN Unable to perform DTC judgment Number of DTCs which do not fulfill DTC preconditions has reached ECU memory limit HINT: If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction. If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [B] through [C] again.
- If no DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs, Refer to «DTC CHECK / CLEAR»(ref-388734-S06424090862011031100000) . HINT: If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning. If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.