Scheme 99
For a complete wiring diagram, refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article .
THEORY OF OPERATION
This diagnostic provides a continuous check of the O2 heater circuit during operation. The heater circuit is momentarily disabled to allow a resistance measurement to be taken to infer heater temperature. The current delivery to the heater is duty cycled to maintain a specific target temperature. The error from the target temperature is continuously monitored to assess heater performance.
The Oxygen sensors (O2 sensor) are used for fuel control and catalyst monitoring. Each O2 sensor compares the oxygen content of the surrounding air with the oxygen content of the exhaust stream. When the engine is started, the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) operates in an Open Loop mode, ignoring the O2 sensor signal voltage while calculating the air-to-fuel ratio. The heating elements inside each O2 sensor heat the sensor to bring the sensor up to operating conditions faster. This allows the system to enter Closed Loop earlier and the PCM to calculate the air-to-fuel ratio sooner. While the engine runs, the O2 sensor heats up and begins to generate a voltage within a range of 0-1, 275 mV. Once sufficient O2 sensor voltage fluctuation is observed by the PCM, Closed Loop is entered. The PCM uses the O2 sensor voltage to determine the air-to-fuel ratio. An O2 sensor voltage that increases toward 1, 000 mV indicates a rich fuel mixture. An O2 sensor voltage that decreases toward 0 mV indicates a lean fuel mixture.
The Oxygen sensors (O2 sensor) are used for fuel control and catalyst monitoring. Each O2 sensor compares the oxygen content of the surrounding air with the oxygen content of the exhaust stream. When the engine is started, the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) operates in an Open Loop mode, ignoring the O2 sensor signal voltage while calculating the air-to-fuel ratio. The heating elements inside each O2 sensor heat the sensor to bring the sensor up to operating conditions faster. This allows the system to enter Closed Loop earlier and the PCM to calculate the air-to-fuel ratio sooner. While the engine runs, the O2 sensor heats up and begins to generate a voltage within a range of 0-1, 275 mV. Once sufficient O2 sensor voltage fluctuation is observed by the PCM, Closed Loop is entered. The PCM uses the O2 sensor voltage to determine the air-to-fuel ratio. An O2 sensor voltage that increases toward 1, 000 mV indicates a rich fuel mixture. An O2 sensor voltage that decreases toward 0 mV indicates a lean fuel mixture.
For an aged O2 sensor, the response rate to the air/fuel change is slower than when it was new. The O2 sensor tends to move less with the same air/fuel changes in a given time frame. Therefore by observing the activity of voltage readings from the upstream O2 sensor, the quality of the O2 sensor can be detected.
This diagnostic provides a continuous check of the O2 heater circuit during operation. The heater circuit is momentarily disabled to allow a resistance measurement to be taken to infer heater temperature. The current delivery to the heater is duty cycled to maintain a specific target temperature. The error from the target temperature is continuously monitored to assess heater performance.
The Oxygen sensors (O2 sensor) are used for fuel control and catalyst monitoring. Each O2 sensor compares the oxygen content of the surrounding air with the oxygen content of the exhaust stream. When the engine is started, the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) operates in an Open Loop mode, ignoring the O2 sensor signal voltage while calculating the air-to-fuel ratio. The heating elements inside each O2 sensor heat the sensor to bring the sensor up to operating conditions faster. This allows the system to enter Closed Loop earlier and the PCM to calculate the air-to-fuel ratio sooner. While the engine runs, the O2 sensor heats up and begins to generate a voltage within a range of 0-1, 275 mV. Once sufficient O2 sensor voltage fluctuation is observed by the PCM, Closed Loop is entered. The PCM uses the O2 sensor voltage to determine the air-to-fuel ratio. An O2 sensor voltage that increases toward 1, 000 mV indicates a rich fuel mixture. An O2 sensor voltage that decreases toward 0 mV indicates a lean fuel mixture.
The Oxygen sensors (O2 sensor) are used for fuel control and catalyst monitoring. Each O2 sensor compares the oxygen content of the surrounding air with the oxygen content of the exhaust stream. When the engine is started, the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) operates in an Open Loop mode, ignoring the O2 sensor signal voltage while calculating the air-to-fuel ratio. The heating elements inside each O2 sensor heat the sensor to bring the sensor up to operating conditions faster. This allows the system to enter Closed Loop earlier and the PCM to calculate the air-to-fuel ratio sooner. While the engine runs, the O2 sensor heats up and begins to generate a voltage within a range of 0-1, 275 mV. Once sufficient O2 sensor voltage fluctuation is observed by the PCM, Closed Loop is entered. The PCM uses the O2 sensor voltage to determine the air-to-fuel ratio. An O2 sensor voltage that increases toward 1, 000 mV indicates a rich fuel mixture. An O2 sensor voltage that decreases toward 0 mV indicates a lean fuel mixture.
The downstream O2 Sensor is located in the exhaust path behind the catalytic converter, is monitored for proper response to assure optimum catalytic converter efficiency. The downstream O2 response monitor is intended to diagnose a downstream O2 sensor that is not moving or stuck in a voltage window and to insure accurate information for catalyst monitor diagnosis.
The downstream O2 Sensor is located in the exhaust path behind the catalytic converter, is monitored for proper response to assure optimum catalytic converter efficiency. The downstream O2 response monitor is intended to diagnose a downstream O2 sensor that is not moving or stuck in a voltage window and to insure accurate information for catalyst monitor diagnosis.
This diagnostic provides a continuous check of the O2 heater circuit during operation. The heater circuit is momentarily disabled to allow a resistance measurement to be taken to infer heater temperature. The current delivery to the heater is duty cycled to maintain a specific target temperature. The error from the target temperature is continuously monitored to assess heater performance.
The fuel feedback system will maintain a stoichiometric fuel/air mixture, 14.7:1, by modifying the injector pulse width according to the oxygen content of the exhaust gas. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) makes short term and long term fuel corrections to maintain stoichiometric fuel/air ratio for best catalytic converter efficiency. Short term fuel correction is based on upstream O2 sensor output and is designed for quick engine response. The long term fuel correction compensated for variations in the engine specifications, sensor tolerances and component aging and is designed to correct rich and lean conditions over a longer period of time.
The fuel feedback system will maintain a stoiciometric fuel/air mixture, 14.7:1, by modifying the injector pulsewidth according to the oxygen content of the exhaust gas. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) makes short term and long term fuel corrections to maintain stoiciometric fuel/air ratio for best catalytic converter efficiency. Short term fuel correction is based on upstream O2 sensor output and is designed for quick engine response. The long term fuel correction compensated for variations in the engine specifications, sensor tolerances and component aging and is designed to correct rich and lean conditions over a longer period of time.
The fuel feedback system will maintain a stoichiometric fuel/air mixture, 14.7:1, by modifying the injector pulse width according to the oxygen content of the exhaust gas. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) makes short term and long term fuel corrections to maintain stoichiometric fuel/air ratio for best catalytic converter efficiency. Short term fuel correction is based on upstream O2 sensor output and is designed for quick engine response. The long term fuel correction compensated for variations in the engine specifications, sensor tolerances and component aging and is designed to correct rich and lean conditions over a longer period of time.
The fuel feedback system will maintain a stoiciometric fuel/air mixture, 14.7:1, by modifying the injector pulsewidth according to the oxygen content of the exhaust gas. The PCM makes short term and long term fuel corrections to maintain stoiciometric fuel/air ratio for best catalytic converter efficiency. Short term fuel correction is based on upstream O2 sensor output and is designed for quick engine response. The long term fuel correction compensated for variations in the engine specifications, sensor tolerances and component aging and is designed to correct rich and lean conditions over a longer period of time.
The Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) sensor is a variable resistor that measures the temperature of the engine oil. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) supplies a 5 Volt reference and a ground to the sensors low reference signal circuit. When the oil temperature is low, the sensor resistance is high. When the oil temperature is high, the sensor resistance is low.
The oil temperature sensor is a variable resistor that measures the temperature of the engine oil. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) supplies a 5 Volt reference and a ground to the sensors low reference signal circuit. When the oil temperature is low, the sensor resistance is high. When the oil temperature is high, the sensor resistance is low.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The fueling strategy for the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) requires potentially three fuel pulses per cylinder per cycle. The first pulse is delivered starting at a programmed angle soon after the intake valve closes, for specified time duration. This is for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the previous cycle and second to allow fueling to begin as early as possible in the current cycle. The second pulse is delivered for a specified time and is set to end at a programmed angle. The pulse must not extend past the end angle. There can be a separate value for each cylinder under the same operating conditions. This is done for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered during the intake/exhaust valve overlap period, which tends to cause elevated emission levels. Also, allowing fuel to enter each cylinder at a slightly different angle tends to reduce any fuel pressure standing waves in the fuel rail. If the desired total fuel pulse-width increases, a third fuel pulse must be delivered. The third pulse, if necessary, is delivered for a specified time and must end at a programmed angle before the valve closes again. The third pulse in the cycle is controlled by its ending angle. This is also for two reasons, one to prevent any fuel from this pulse being delivered in the next cycle and second to allow fueling to end as late as possible in the current cycle. At high engine speeds, one or more of the pulses may be dropped from the fueling strategy.
The Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) system uses two Throttle Position Sensors (TPS) to monitor the throttle blade position. The TPS sensors 1 and 2 are located within the throttle body assembly. Each sensor has a 5-volt reference circuit, a low reference circuit, and a signal circuit. Processors are also used to monitor the ETC system data. The processors are located within the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). Each signal circuit provides the processors with a signal voltage proportional to throttle blade movement. The processors share and monitor data to verify that the indicated TPS calculation is correct.
The Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) system uses two Throttle Position Sensors (TPS) to monitor the throttle blade position. The TPS sensors 1 and 2 are located within the throttle body assembly. Each sensor has a 5-volt reference circuit, a low reference circuit, and a signal circuit. Processors are also used to monitor the ETC system data. The processors are located within the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). Each signal circuit provides the processors with a signal voltage proportional to throttle blade movement. The processors share and monitor data to verify that the indicated TPS calculation is correct.
The Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) system uses two Throttle Position Sensors (TPS) to monitor the throttle blade position. The TPS sensors 1 and 2 are located within the throttle body assembly. Each sensor has a 5 Volt reference circuit, a low reference circuit and a signal circuit. Processors are also used to monitor the ETC system data. The processors are located within the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). Each signal circuit provides the processors with a signal voltage proportional to throttle blade movement. The processors share and monitor data to verify that the indicated TPS calculation is correct.
The Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) sensor is a variable resistor that measures the temperature of the engine oil. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) supplies a 5 Volt reference and a ground to the sensors low reference signal circuit. When the oil temperature is low, the sensor resistance is high. When the oil temperature is high, the sensor resistance is low.
The misfire detection monitor, software strategy in the Powertrain Control Module (PCM), is designed to detect an engine misfire. The PCM uses the Crankshaft (CKP) and Camshaft (CMP) sensors to determine when an engine misfire event is occurring and determine individual misfire events by monitoring the crankshaft rotational speed. A misfire is nothing more than a lack of combustion, which can be caused by poor fuel quality or metering, low compression, lack of spark or unmetered air entering the engine. Other possible causes such as uncommanded Exhaust Gas Recirculating (EGR) flow can also cause a misfire. In the case of multiple cylinders misfiring or the PCM not determining the specific cylinder misfiring, P0300 Multiple Cylinder Misfire will set.
The Crankshaft Position System variation learn feature is used to calculate reference errors caused by slight tolerance variations in the crankshaft, tone wheel and the crankshaft position sensors. The calculated error allows the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to accurately compensate for reference variations. The Crankshaft Position System variation compensating values are learned and stored in the PCM memory during a decel fuel shutoff event. If the actual crankshaft variation is not within the Crankshaft Position System's compensating values stored in the PCM, DTC P0300 may set. If the CKP System variation values are not stored in the PCM memory, DTC P0315 sets.
Knock is the spontaneous auto-ignition of the remaining fuel/air mixture in the engine combustion chamber that occurs after normal combustion has started. It can occur under extreme vehicle operating conditions such as high engine temperature, high MAP, low humidity and heavy loads to the engine. Knock is caused by excessive spark advance for the given engine operating conditions. Severe, continuous knock may be caused by carbon deposits, bad gasoline and/or low octane fuel. Avoiding light audible knock is important for customer satisfaction while preventing excessive knock is important to protect engine components. The output voltage from the knock circuit represents the strength of the engine knock and is read by the engine controller. The knock system output voltage is not zero due to engine background noise, even when knock is not present. When the engine is operated under high load conditions where knock is possible, the knock voltage is tested to decide if it exceeds the knock voltage threshold. Knock has occurred when the knock voltage is at or above this knock threshold. When knock is detected a calibrated short term knock spark retard to be subtracted from the spark advance is calculated. The amount of retarded spark advance is based off a calibrated severity of the knock event. This retarded spark advance is used in the next ignition event to prevent further knock events. If knock continues, an additional amount of short term spark advance retard is added. When knock stops, short term knock spark retard is eliminated, the long term knock spark retard is reduced by a calibrated amount to recover some previously retarded spark advance. This decreases spark retard to improve engine performance.
Knock is the spontaneous auto-ignition of the remaining fuel/air mixture in the engine combustion chamber that occurs after normal combustion has started. It can occur under extreme vehicle operating conditions such as high engine temperature, high MAP, low humidity and heavy loads to the engine. Knock is caused by excessive spark advance for the given engine operating conditions. Severe, continuous knock may be caused by carbon deposits, bad gasoline and/or low octane fuel. Avoiding light audible knock is important for customer satisfaction while preventing excessive knock is important to protect engine components. The output voltage from the knock circuit represents the strength of the engine knock and is read by the engine controller. The knock system output voltage is not zero due to engine background noise, even when knock is not present. When the engine is operated under high load conditions where knock is possible, the knock voltage is tested to decide if it exceeds the knock voltage threshold. Knock has occurred when the knock voltage is at or above this knock threshold. When knock is detected a calibrated short term knock spark retard to be subtracted from the spark advance is calculated. The amount of retarded spark advance is based off a calibrated severity of the knock event. This retarded spark advance is used in the next ignition event to prevent further knock events. If knock continues, an additional amount of short term spark advance retard is added. When knock stops, short term knock spark retard is eliminated, the long term knock spark retard is reduced by a calibrated amount to recover some previously retarded spark advance. This decreases spark retard to improve engine performance.
The Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor circuits consist of a Powertrain Control Module (PCM) supplied 5 Volt reference circuit, low reference circuit and an output signal circuit. The CKP sensor is an internally magnetic biased digital output integrated circuit sensing device. The sensor detects magnetic flux changes between the peaks and valleys of a reluctor wheel on the crankshaft. Each tooth on the reluctor wheel is spaced with missing teeth for the reference gap. The CKP sensor produces an ON/OFF DC voltage of varying frequency, reference output pulses per crankshaft revolution. The frequency of the CKP sensor output depends on the velocity of the crankshaft. The CKP sensor sends a digital signal, which represents an image of the crankshaft reluctor wheel, to the PCM as each tooth on the wheel rotates past the CKP sensor. The PCM uses each CKP signal pulse to determine crankshaft speed and decodes the crankshaft reluctor wheel reference gap to identify crankshaft position. This information is then used to sequence the ignition timing and fuel injection events for the engine. The PCM also uses CKP sensor output information to determine the crankshaft relative position to the camshaft, to detect cylinder misfire and to control the CMP actuator if equipped.