Bmw Features - Overview - All Models BMW X5 E53

Introduction

The systems to be discussed are

1. Radio Transmitter Keys
2. Locking System
3. Sunroof
4. Convertible Top
5. Safety Systems
6. Child Restraint System Anchoring
7. Roll Over Protection System
8. Instrument Clusters
9. Multi-Information Displays and Board Computers
10. Radios
11. Board Monitors
12. Park Distance Control
13. Rain Sensor
14. Multi-Function Steering Wheel
15. Universal Garage Door Opener
16. Seat and Steering Memory
17. Fuse Box Locations
18. Under-hood Jump Starting Posts

Vehicle Keys

The purpose of the BMW keys are to

1. Operate All Locks
2. Communicate with Drive-Away Protection (EWS) before start-up.
3. Operate Keyless Entry and Burglar Alarm (DWA) Systems.
4. Activate Key Memory Features

Each BMW is delivered to the new owner with four keys

Scheme 272

1. The Master Keys (two) are equipped with a radio transmitter (FZV) for operation of the keyless entry system, burglar alarm (DWA) and determination of Key Memory. The Master Key also contains the electronic chip which is required to communicate with the driveaway protection system (EWS) before the vehicle will start. The mechanical blade of the key is used in the locking cylinders.
2. The Spare Key is meant for emergencies and is not intended for continuous use. It contains the electronic chip for EWS, but does not operate the keyless entry system. It can be used in all mechanical locks.
3. The Valet Key also contains the electronic chip for EWS. It can only operate the drivers door and ignition locks. The lock for the trunk or glove compartment cannot be operated by this key.

Replacement Keys

Replacement keys for vehicles equipped with EWS (January 1995 onwards) may only be ordered at the BMW Center.

Operation Of Radio Transmitter Keys (FZV)

To unlock: Press button 2.

Press the button once to unlock the drivers door only; press a second time to unlock all remaining doors including the trunk (tailgate) and fuel door.

Convenience opening: Press and hold button 2. The Windows and the sunroof are opened.

To lock and arm DWA (if equipped): Press button 1.

To deactivate the tilt sensor and interior protection sensor press button 1 a second time after locking immediately. The indicator LED in the car lights up briefly then flashes continuously.

To switch on interior lights: Press button 1 again after locking.

To open the trunk or tailgate: Press button 3

Panic mode: By pressing and holding button 3 for more than 3 seconds the siren for the alarm system is triggered. To cancel the alarm press button 2.

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Batteries

Radio transmitter keys on vehicles before model year 2000 require battery replacement every Inspection or when the message REMOTE KEY BATTERY appears in the check control display. Use a screw driver to lift the cover at the recess (Scheme 275)Loosen the two screws (Scheme 275)and remove the cover. The battery type and position of installation are indicated on the back of the cover.

Note. If batteries are removed for longer than one minute on older transmitters (which have two batteries) the key will require re-initialization. Later keys (with one 3 volt cell) include an EEPROM which will not loose key data if the battery is dead or removed for a period longer than one minute.

Scheme 275

Initialization of Radio Transmitter Keys

If a new transmitter is requested by the customer or a master key is replaced for a defect, the new transmitter will have to be initialized. When initializing the new key the other transmitters must be initialized as well. Up to four keys can be coded to operate the remote system on one vehicle.

Initialization Procedure

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1. Enter the vehicle and close all doors.
2. Using the first key briefly (max 5 seconds) turn the ignition switch to position 1 (KLR) and back off again.
3. Remove the key from the ignition; press and hold button 2.
4. While holding down button #2, rapidly press button #1 three times in succession within 10 seconds.
5. Release both buttons. If the key is equipped with an LED (#4) it will flash slowly for 10 seconds. The GM activates and releases the locks in succession to indicate that initialization was successful.

If the LED continues to flash or the locks did not cycle, the initialization failed and the procedure will have to be repeated from step one.

To initialize the remaining keys, repeat the procedure starting from step 3.

Do not cycle the ignition again or open the door, this will cancel initialization.

Remember: Only four keys can be coded. If more than four keys are initialized the fifth key will become number one and the previous four will no longer be recognized.

Service Note: On vehicles equipped with Key Memory the initialization of the keys must be carried out in the same order as the keys are numbered. Initialization is how the GM recognizes the key identification number. Failure to initialize them in the proper order will assign key memory features to the wrong key.

Emergency deactivation of DWA: If the DWA system has been coded to only accept the remote control as a disarm signal and the transmitter is faulty proceed as follows: Use the key to unlock the drivers door (Alarm sounds for 30 seconds). Insert the key in the ignition and turn it to position 1 (KLR). The EWS will recognize the key and command the GM to cancel DWA and unlock the doors.

Operation Of Locks

The central locking system is operational as soon as the drivers door is closed; the system locks the doors, trunk/tailgate and fuel door.

The central locking system can be activated from outside using the remote control (if equipped), the drivers door lock cylinder and the trunk lock cylinder (not all models). This will place the door locks in central arrest. Pulling on the inner door handles or lifting the lock rods will not unlock the door.

Scheme 278

The central locking system can also be activated from inside using the button on the center console. The fuel door remains unlocked when locking from inside the vehicle. This places the vehicle in central lock. Pulling on the inner door handle twice will open the door.

Scheme 279

Models Before M.Y. 99

Do not lock yourself or anyone inside the vehicle from the outside or by using the remote control as the doors will not be able to be opened from inside without the key. If the key is inserted into the ignition and turned to position 1 (KL R) the locks will automatically release into central lock. Pushing the central lock button or pulling an inner door handle twice will then open the door.

Models M.Y. 99 And Later

Doors locked from outside can be opened from inside without a key by first pressing the central lock button and then pulling an inner door handle twice.

Emergency Lock Operation Of The Doors And Trunk

In the event of an electrical failure the drivers door can be opened by turning the key all the way to the left beyond the detent. The remaining doors can only be unlocked when power is restored. The trunk lid can be opened in the same way if equipped with an external lock cylinder.

Emergency Unlocking Of The Fuel Filler Flap

All models have an emergency tether located in the trunk or cargo area to open the fuel door in the event of a malfunction. Pull on the button (usually green) with the fuel pump symbol to open the door.

Scheme 280

Emergency Opening Of Liftgates And Tailgates On Sport Wagons And SAVs

X5

To release the liftgate manually remove the plastic tab from the liftgate trim and pull toward the front of the vehicle. To open the lower tailgate remove the upper of the two trim panels. The mechanical release latch can be pushed to the left to release the tailgate.

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E39 Sport Wagon

To access the emergency release for the tailgate, unlock the tool kit from the tailgate trim. Find a plastic tab on the passenger side and pull outward.

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E46 Sport Wagon

The emergency release is incorporated into the tailgate latch actuator. To access the release, remove the plastic cover that is located in the center of the cargo area sill plate. After removing the cover, the lever is pushed to the right to release the lock.

Child Safety Locks

Child safety locks are located in the rear doors. They are actuated by inserting a key in the slot on the door latch or by sliding a lever (dependent on model). The door can now only be opened from outside.

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Scheme 286

Valet (Hotel) Locking

Valet locking of the glove box and trunk is carried out by locking each with the master key and leaving the lock cylinder in the horizontal position.

The valet key is not mechanically capable of entering the lock cylinders. The trunk release button inside the vehicle will also be ignored.

On E46 convertible models, E52 and the E31, locking the glove box in the valet setting will lock the trunk.

Scheme 287

Glove Box Locking

The glove box is locked using the master key. On E36/E46 convertibles, E52 and E31 the glove box is locked by an actuator when locking the vehicle from outside.

Note. The E38 has a lever behind the glove box handle which permits locking the glove box without a key. Opening still requires a key.

Scheme 288

Lifting, Opening, And Closing

With the ignition key in position 1 (KLR) or higher, move the sliding switch in the direction of the desired movement. Moving the switch past the detent will allow one-touch operation of the roof. After the ignition has been switched off the sunroof can be operated for up to 16 minutes or until a door is opened.

Convenience opening is available from the radio transmitter key by pressing and holding the unlock button. Convenience closing is only available from a door lock cylinder.

Safety Feature

If the sunroof encounters any resistance during the last half of its travel when it is closing the motor will be interrupted and will back up slightly. This is known as anti-trap.

Power Loss

In the event of a power-loss (for instance if the battery is disconnected) the sunroof will have to be initialized for proper operation. To re-initialize the sunroof: Raise the sunroof to the tilt position and hold the switch for greater than 15 seconds.

Manual Operation

If the sunroof motor/module fails, emergency opening/closing can done manually. To operate the sunroof manually, insert the Allen wrench from the vehicle tool kit (4mm) in the hexagon head on the motor drive pinion and rotate in the desired direction.

Scheme 289

E36 Convertible

Opening and closing of the convertible is done from one rocker switch in the center console. With the ignition key in position 1 (KLR), press and hold the switch until the processes is completed. No road speed can be present when operating the top.

Scheme 290

The indicator lamp (shown with the arrow) lights up continuously during top operation. The lamp will flash after releasing the switch if the opening or closing process is not yet completed.

Note. The trunk cannot be opened during convertible top operation, or when the top is in the mid-way position. This is to prevent damage to the top storage box lid and trunk lid.

Convenience Closing From Drivers Door Lock

Models with a fully automatic top allow convenience closing from the drivers door lock. Hold the key in the lock position with the doors closed. The top will stop moving immediately if the key is released.

Emergency Closing Procedures

Should the convertible top fail electrically in the top down position it can be raised until the top can be repaired.

To release the top motor drives and begin raising the top, raise the left side of the rear seat. Find a lever with an orange strap. Pull on the strap until resistance is felt and two audible clunks are heard.

Scheme 291

Open the storage compartment lid (note: the lid should open easily, if resistance is felt pull on the release lever again until it is fully disengaged).

Grab the convertible top and lift it out of the storage well. Lift the rear bow to the vertical position and close the storage lid.

Scheme 292

To lock the convertible top to the windshield frame remove the plastic cover from the center of the front convertible top frame.

Insert the Allen key from the tool kit into the top latch motor drive. Turn the key counter-clock wise until the front convertible frame is locked to the windshield frame.

Scheme 293

Note. Do not operate the vehicle with the top down and the storage lid motor disengaged as the storage lid is not locked and could open during driving.

Z3 Roadster

Opening and closing of the power soft top is carried out as follows

Scheme 294

1. Lower the side windows.
2. Unlock the top from the windshield frame by folding the levers outward.
3. Raise the soft top past the tension point.
4. Apply the brake pedal (or top will not run).
5. Press and hold button (2) until the opening movement has ended.

Closing is carried out in the reverse order and completed by latching the top to the windshield frame.

No convenience close is possible in the Z3.

Scheme 295

On a roadster with power soft top, the hydraulic drive unit is located in the trunk behind the left side trim. Move the trunk trim panel to one side to access the hydraulic pump. Turn the release screw half a turn counter-clockwise.

The soft-top can now be moved manually.

Scheme 296

E46 Convertible

Opening and closing of the convertible is done from two switches in the center console. With the ignition key in position 1 (KLR), press and hold the desired switch (top up or down) until the processes is completed. Pre-conditions: Road speed must be below 2.5 mph when operating the top, trunk lid must be closed and storage compartment floor must be in the lower position if top is to be lowered.

The indicator lamp lights up continuously during top operation. The lamp will flash after releasing the switch if the opening or closing process is not yet completed.

Note. The trunk cannot be opened during convertible top operation, or when the top is in the mid-way position. This is to prevent damage to the top storage box lid and trunk lid.

Scheme 297

Convenience Opening/Closing

Convenience closing of the top is only possible from the drivers door lock cylinder. If the key is held in the lock position the top and windows will close.

Convenience opening is possible from both the drivers door lock cylinder or from the FZV key.

Emergency Opening/Closing Procedures

Should the convertible top fail in the top down position it can be raised until the top can be repaired. If the storage lid is closed it must be opened with the following procedure

Scheme 298

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Scheme 300

1. Remove the rear center armrest and pull back the loose seat upholstery.
2. Pressing the button on the storage lid drive motor assembly will release the drive from the gear linkage.
3. The linkage can be turned through the access hole using the Allen key stored on the assembly cover. This will unlock/lock the storage lid to allow manual raising of the top.
4. With the key off, lift the top out of the storage well.

To lock the convertible top to the windshield frame remove the plastic cover from the center of the front convertible top frame.

Insert the Allen key from the storage lid lock assembly into the top latch motor drive. Turn the key counter-clock wise until the front convertible frame is locked to the windshield frame.

Scheme 301

The top can also be lowered manually, (this should only be done for repair purposes) however make sure that the storage lid is locked to prevent it from opening while driving.

Z8 Roadster

Opening of the soft top is done from one rocker switch in the center console. With the ignition key in position 1 (KLR), press and hold the switch until the process is completed. No road speed can be present when operating the top.

The indicator lamp (on the tachometer) lights up continuously during top operation. The lamp will flash after releasing the switch if the opening or closing process is not yet completed.

Closing the soft top requires one additional step. When the top reaches the windshield frame the hydraulic pump will stop. Reach up and grab the recessed handle and squeeze/pull down at the same time. The front latches will contact the window frame and the latches will be driven closed.

Scheme 302

Emergency Opening/Closing Procedure

In the event of an electric or hydraulic failure the soft top can be operated manually.

To raise the soft top

Scheme 303

1. Allow the pistons time to bleed down hydraulic pressure.
2. The latches at the front soft top frame will need to be opened so that they can latch to the windshield frame.
3. Remove the plastic cover from the front soft top frame. Insert the Allen key from the tool kit into the top latch motor drive. Turn the key until the latches are fully opened.
4. Lift the soft top out of the well
5. Once the soft top is contacting the windshield frame the latches must be closed using the Allen key.
6. The top should only be manually lowered for repair purposes.

Passive Safety Systems And Airbags

Passive Safety is a concept that deals with the protection of the vehicles occupants once a collision is unavoidable, this is in contrast to Active Safety which assists the driver to avoid a crash (i.e. suspension, ABS/DSC, etc).

The corner stone of passive safety is the vehicle passenger cell or "safety cage". The use of pre-determined crumple zones coupled with the door anchoring system allows the passenger cell to retain a stable shape when the vehicle is involved in an accident.

The use of passenger restraint systems (safety-belts with tensioners) and airbags help to enhance passenger safety by providing the occupants with additional protection during a collision.

Automatic Front Safety-Belt Tensioners

This system automatically tightens the front seat-belts in a collision. The tensioners are integrated into the seat belt latch assembly. In some collisions the seat-belt tensioners may be sufficient for passenger restraint so an airbag deployment would be unnecessary.

Scheme 304

Airbags

Airbags have been available on BMWs in the US since 1985 equipped in the 1985 E23 L7. The first BMWs had only a single drivers airbag. Current BMWs may have up to ten airbags. The airbags are triggered by impacts coming from the directions shown in the illustration below.

Scheme 305

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Front Airbags

Impacts from the front may trigger deployment of the front airbags (Driver and Passenger). There are two rates of airbag deployment to ensure that the force of inflation is proportional to the severity of the crash.

Side And Head Protection Airbags

In addition to the internal deceleration sensors located inside of the MRS control unit, separate "satellite" or side impact sensors are used to determine collisions from either side. The satellite sensors are located under the two front seats. When the satellite sensors signal a sufficient side impact, the MRS control unit will deploy the front and rear side and head protection airbags.

Rear side airbags come de-activated from the factory. Accident research has shown that the safest place for children is in the rear seat. However, a child sitting in the rear and not properly restrained may position their head too close to the side doors. This could be dangerous if there were to be a side impact and the airbag was to deploy.

Scheme 307

The activation of the rear airbags may be requested during the QC I.

Battery Safety Terminal

The BST is designed to minimize the chance of an under-hood fire by disconnecting the connection between the battery and the starter/alternator circuit. Any time an airbag is deployed the BST is triggered. Once the connection in the BST is interrupted the car will not start, however the interior electronics will still function (i.e locks, windows, lights, etc).

Scheme 308

As an additional safety feature the MRS control unit will signal the DME to shut off the fuel pump if an airbag is deployed.

Scheme 309

Interior

After a collision the doors are automatically unlocked and the interior lights and four-way flashers are switched on.

Rollover Protection System

As part of the passive safety system for convertibles, the RPS system is activated automatically in the event of an accident or when the vehicle is in danger of rolling over. The protective bars located behind the rear seat head restraints, (or inside of the headrest in the case of the E46) extend to provide protection to the occupants by working together with the roll bars integrated into the A-pillars.

Deployment of the roll bars with the convertible top raised or the hardtop installed will not damage the rear window.

The RPS system must be inspected and test deployed every Inspection service or at least every two years. After an accident, inadvertent triggering or an inspection the RPS roll bars can be reset.

E36 RPS Reset

To reset RPS in an E36 remove the screw driver handle and special reset tool located in the tool kit. Push the handle and special tool together as shown below.

Scheme 310

Scheme 311

1. Remove the rear headrest.
2. Push the special tool into the guide to release the ratchet lock of the mechanism
3. Push the roll bar down until the special tool is loose.
4. Pull out the special tool and press down the roll bar completely until it engages (audible click is heard).
5. Repeat for the second roll bar.

E46 RPS Reset

The E46 uses a similar roll bar but requires no special tool for reset. The reset lever is constructed into the roll bar mechanism. Pull the reset lever towards the front of the car and push down on the roll bars until an audible click is heard and the roll bar is secure.

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Scheme 313

Child Restraint Systems

Automobile accidents remain the number one cause of death and injury to children under 14 years of age. Most recent data estimates ( NHTSA traffic safety facts ) that Child Restraint Systems when used properly are

1. 71% effective in reducing death for infants.
2. 54% effective in reducing toddler deaths.
3. 69% in reducing need for hospitalization.

In addition to proper child restraint use

1. Children riding in the rear seat are 37% less likely to be fatally injured

Misuse and compatibility are the two greatest problems facing proper use of Child Restraint Systems. Studies show that 79.5% of child restraints are improperly installed or suited to the child riding in them.

Even when parents are given specific information on their use, more than 50% still make mistakes.

Much of the confusion comes from the large number of Child Restraints that are available in the market at any one time (over 50). Couple this with a variety of vehicle belt systems and it is not so difficult to understand why misuse occurs.

Never Install A Child Safety Seat Rear-Facing In Front Of An Airbag

In an effort to correct vehicle compatibility issues, auto manufacturers are moving to a standardized method of installing a child restraint in a vehicle without using the vehicle belt system. The new system is referred to as the UCSSS (Universal Child Safety Seat System ) and is regulated under FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) 225.

The system is designed to greatly simplify child safety seat installation and will protect children by keeping seats more secure in vehicles. The UCSSS will be phased in with all new vehicles and child safety seats by 9/2002.

Scheme 314

The UCSSS consists of two lower anchorages and one upper anchor. At least two rear seating positions will be equipped with the system.

The new child safety seats will have a hook or other connector that snaps onto the lower anchor bars in the vehicle. A tether strap from the child seat will be attached to the upper anchor point.

Installation In Vehicles Before The UCSSS

When installing a rear or forward facing child seat always read the instructions that come with the seat. All of the rear belt retractors and the front passenger's seat belt can be locked for mounting and securing a child seat. Information on its use is printed near the lower anchor of each seat belt.

If the child seat uses an upper tether strap, three anchor points are provided. Depending on the location of the child seat attach the tether strap to the corresponding anchor. If the anchor is behind a headrest pass the tether strap between the headrest and the seat back.

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Instrument Cluster

The Instrument cluster is a vital part of the Driver Information System. It keeps the driver informed as to the status of the engine and vehicle systems. There are two cluster levels, basic and high. Most instrument clusters are sealed units and contain no serviceable components other than backlight bulbs.

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Scheme 318

Instrument Cluster Self Test Functions

In addition to the Diagnosis Program, the instrument clusters contain their own internal self test that can be accessed to check various functions and values. The test functions are displayed in the mileage LCD block. There are a total of 21 possible test functions.

Scheme 319

1. Test 1 and 2 are always unlocked.
2. Test 3 thru 21 are only accessible after unlocking the test function. Test 19 is the unlock function for accessing the displays.

Display changes from "L-ON" to "L-OFF" every second. To unlock test functions, press the cluster button immediately when it changes to "L-OFF".

Tests are automatically locked when exiting test functions.

1. Scrolling through the test functions is accomplished by pressing the reset button.
2. Tapping the button will access sub tests of a test function.
3. Pressing and holding the reset button will scroll to the next test function.

TEST 01 . - Vehicle specific data

TEST 02 . - Cluster System Test

TEST 03 . - SI data

TEST 04 . - Momentary Consumption

TEST 05 . - Distance Gone Consumption

TEST 06 . - Fuel level sensor inputs in liters

TEST 07 . - Temperature and Speed

TEST 08 . - Input values in HEX form

TEST 09 . - Battery voltage

TEST 10 . - Country Coding

TEST 11 . - Cluster code

TEST 12 . - Not used

TEST 13 . - GONG test

TEST 14 . - Fault memory

TEST 15 to 18 - Not used

TEST 19 . - LOCK/UNLOCK

TEST 20 . - Avg. fuel consumption correction factor

TEST 21 . - Software reset

Instrument Cluster Tests For High Clusters (E38, E39, E53)

The test functions can be used to check various inputs, outputs, status and functions of the IKE.

Scheme 320

Test #1, #2 are the only unlocked tests of the test functions. Test #19 is used to unlock the tests as follows

1. Go to TEST #1 and display the VIN.
2. Add the last five digits of the VIN and note the total, EG; VIN = DH02022. 2+2+2 = 6.
3. Go to TEST #19 . Display reads "Lock ON".
4. Press the reset button "6" times.
5. Press the CC button. The tests are now unlocked.

Several test functions have sub-test values that are called up by pressing the reset button while the test is displayed. The test functions available for the IKE include

1. TEST 01 - Vehicle specific data
2. TEST 02 - Cluster self test
3. TEST 03 - SI data
4. TEST 04 - Fuel Consumption
5. TEST 05 - Range calculation data
6. TEST 06 - Fuel tank sensor inputs
7. TEST 07 - Coolant/RPM inputs
8. TEST 08 - Road speed input
9. TEST 09 - Battery Voltage
10. TEST 10 - Country Code
11. TEST 12 - Data for est. arrival time
12. TEST 13 - GONG Test
13. TEST 14 - HEX value for fault memory
14. TEST 15 - Port binary input values
15. TEST 16 - OEL Temp
16. TEST 17 - RCC-EMPF: _ _ _ _ MIN.(not for U.S)
17. TEST 18 - BLANK
18. TEST 19 - Lock/Unlock
19. TEST 20 - Correction Factor
20. TEST 21 - Reset function

Multi-Information Displays, Audio Systems And Board Computers

The MID is used on E38, E39 and E53 vehicles. The MID performs no calculations itself, it is only a display and input unit for other components. The MID is responsible for displaying information associated with: Onboard Computer, Radio and Telephone.

Scheme 321

Onboard Computer (BC)

The calculations for the Onboard Computer are carried out by the IKE (High Cluster). The MID is used to display the information and send inputs from the MID to the IKE.

The following Onboard Computer functions are available

1. Time Independent Ventilation Avg. Fuel Consumption
2. Date Speed Limit warning Avg. Speed
3. Reminder Signal Distance and Arrival Code (expanded immobilization)
4. Timer Fuel Range

Scheme 322

Remote Control

The "BC" button on the turn signal lever can be used to call up information to be displayed in the matrix of the cluster. The sequence and particular functions to be displayed can be programmed. To program

Scheme 323

1. Press and hold stalk BC button until "Prog" appears in both displays.
2. Use the MID buttons to select functions in the order they are to be displayed.
3. Press SET on MID to confirm.

Emergency Deactivation Of Code Function

If the vehicle owner has forgotten their code, the function can be cancelled by activating the emergency deactivation countdown.

1. Disconnect the battery and after 2 minutes reconnect it back. The alarm will sound.
2. Place the key in position 1 (KLR). A ten minute countdown will be displayed in the MID.
3. After ten minutes start the engine.

Base Onboard Computer

On vehicles equipped with a Basic Cluster (Kombi) the Onboard computer display in the MID is not used, rather the Onboard Computer information is displayed in the instrument cluster center LCD display.

The functions of the base Onboard Computer are more limited than those vehicles equipped with a high version cluster ( IKE).

The four functions are shown below. Time and date are displayed are displayed in the MID on E39/E53 vehicles, and in the cluster in the E46

Scheme 324

Scheme 325

Scheme 326

Scheme 327

1. OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE
2. FUEL CONSUMPTION
3. AVERAGE SPEED
4. ESTIMATED DRIVING RANGE ON REMAINING FUEL

To scroll through the functions the "BC" button of the turn signal lever is briefly pressed.

Two of the displays, "Average fuel consumption" and "Average speed" can be reset to start a new calculation. To reset, press and hold the BC button for longer than one second when the function is called up. The onboard computer will then erase the previous display and start to compute a new average value.

Scheme 328

MID Self Test

Operation of the MID can be checked through the test function sequence on the MID panel. The following items can be checked

Scheme 329

Unit Identification

The following information appears for approximately 3 seconds when the ignition is switched on

1. Hardware number Software number Variant index

All other test must be started within three seconds, while the identification data is displayed. If not the MID will exit the test mode.

Display Test

Activate this test by pressing the display menu button. All elements of the main and menu displays are illuminated with different check patterns.

Button Test

Start this test by pressing the button test menu button. All buttons on the MID have been assigned an alphabetical letter that will appear when the button is pressed.

Volume Control Test

This test is carried out by pressing the volume menu button and turning the volume knob. Numbers from 01 to 36 appear in the display indicating each step of the knob's rotation.

Status LED Test

Activate this test by pressing the menu button. All status LEDs are illuminated.

Radio Service Modes

The service mode or "self test" of the radio enables the technician to retrieve important information and make various adjustments quickly and easily without removing the radio or using diagnostic equipment.

Based on the type of radio, the information displayed during the Service Mode will vary.

Scheme 330

To enter the service mode

1. Turn ignition to KLR
2. Turn radio on
3. Within 8 seconds press and hold the "m" button (manual scan)
4. First display will be radio serial number indicating that the radio is in the service mode.

Note. E38 with MID press and hold the WB (Weather Band) button.

The information found in the service mode includes

1. SN Serial Number
2. SV Software Version
3. GAL Speed Sensitive Volume (adjustment)
4. Signal Strength Verifies antenna and tuner effectiveness
5. DSP Digital Signal Processor (0 or 1) yes or no.
6. TP-V Traffic program (not used in US)
7. Area Selects market area (Europe, USA, Canada)
8. AF Alternative Frequency (not used in US)

Onboard Monitor System

The Onboard Monitor is used to control the audio, communication and navigation systems. It is available on all models except the Z3 and Z8.

There is a color LCD display screen for all system functions. The tape player drive is also part of the Onboard Monitor unit. The radio receiver is remotely mounted in the trunk or cargo area. The systems controlled by the Onboard monitor include

Scheme 331

1. Onboard Computer
2. Navigation System
3. Telephone
4. Code function
5. Set (onboard monitor setup)
6. Independent ventilation
7. Emergency
8. Monitor off (switches monitor off)

Board Monitor Service Mode

The navigation system provides a service mode display function. These screens provide system hardware/software identification numbers and status of Board Monitor and Navigation specific functions for use as a diagnostic tool. The screens are accessed as follows

1. From the Main Menu select "Set".
2. Once in the Set function, press and hold the menu button for 8 seconds.
3. The next screen to appear is the SERVICE MODE menu.

The first accessible function is "On-board monitor". Pressing this selection calls up the version screen which provides identification of hardware/ software specific index versions for the installed system.

Scheme 332

Pressing the functions key at the bottom continues into additional screens including the Key Functions and Brightness controls.

Key Functions tests the key input on the BMBT. Input status (1-25) will display in the window.

The brightness control allows the display illumination to be manually adjusted.

Scheme 333

The next accessible function is the NAVI/GRAPHIC ELEMENT.

This screen identifies hardware/ software specific index versions for the installed system.

The Video module selection is not functional since the US version navigation system does not utilize the video module.

The next available selection from the service mode menu is "GPS".

This display provides the GPS receiver module hardware version number and date of programmed software.

Scheme 334

Pressing the functions button in the lower right corner of this screen provides a sub-selection menu.

GPS Status provides information on the exact coordinates of the vehicle based on the calculations of the GPS receiver module.

GPS Tracking provides information about the individual satellites currently sending signals to the GPS receiver module. Though interesting, this display provides data which is not usable for BMW service technician scope of diagnosis.

The next selection available from the SERVICE MODE menu is "Sensor check" which provides

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1. Wheel speed input
2. Number of satellites detected.
3. What mode the GPS receiver module is currently in; (i.e.: Search)
4. The Gyro status provides the milli-voltage value the Nav computer is utilizing for the current vehicle position. This area also includes an icon representing what direction the vehicle is heading in.
5. The direction status indicates what gear is selected (forward or reverse).

The Sensor check display is intended to be used while test driving the vehicle.

The last selection available is the Telematics entry display.

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Multifunction Steering Wheel (MFL)

The controls integrated into the Multi-function Steering (MFL) wheel are provided so that the driver can operate a number of accessories easily and without being distracted from the task of driving.

The MFL incorporates the control unit on the right side key pad. The MFL communicates via bus lines with the systems that it controls.

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Park Distance Control (PDC)

Park Distance Control is a safety/convenience system that is available on all models with the exception of the Z3 and Z8. The system features ultra-sonic sensors mounted in the bumpers (Front and rear or rear only: model specific).

The sensors detect the close proximity to other objects when maneuvering the vehicle in tight spaces (such as parallel parking or parking in narrow garages spaces).

The driver is warned, through an audible tone (beeping), when the vehicle comes close to another object. As the distance to the object decreases, the beeping frequency increases until a steady tone is produced (approx. 7 to 10 inches). As the distance to the object increases, the steady tone will return to a beep and stop when the vehicle moves away from the object.

The PDC is automatically switched ON when the ignition is switched to position 2 (KL15), however it does not become active until the vehicle is shifted into reverse.

Models that are equipped with front and rear PDC have a button that allows manual activation or deactivation.

After driving a distance of more than approx. 160 feet or exceeding a speed of 20 mph the system switches off and goes into stand-by.

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Rain Sensor (AIC)

When the rain sensor is activated, the wipers are controlled automatically based on the degree of wetness (rain and snow) that is on the windshield. The driver no longer has to be concerned with which wiper speed is appropriate or turn them off when the weather turns clear.

The rain sensor is located on the windshield, in front of the rearview mirror.

The rain sensor is online as soon as the ignition is placed in position 1(KLR).

When the windshield wiper stalk switch is placed in the intermittent position the rain sensor is activated and wipes the windshield once to confirm that it is working.

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The rain sensor continuously monitors the windshield for rain accumulation and signals the GM to activate the wipers based on the knurled wheel position and how fast the rain accumulates on the windshield.

The knurled wheel position signal (1-4) informs the rain sensor of the selected level of sensitivity.

1. Position 1 (least sensitive) delays the wiper activation signal.
2. Position 4 (most sensitive) sends the wiper activation signal sooner.

Depending on the intensity of the rain the wipers will be operated continuously as if set in the normal wiper stalk switch position regardless of the knurled wheel setting.

If the ignition switch is turned off with the wiper switch in the intermittent position, the rain sensor will only become active after the ignition is switched back on and one of the following occurs

1. The stalk switch is moved from the intermittent position and then back.
2. The knurled wheel setting is adjusted.
3. Or wash function is activated.

The reason for this switching strategy is to have the driver make a conscious decision to activate the system.

Universal Transmitter

The Universal Transmitter is a convenient way to eliminate up to three different transmitting devices with a convenient built in component. The BMW universal transmitter will learn the radio frequency codes of most transmitter types (including rolling code) to operate garage doors, gates, alarms, house lights etc.

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1. Channel Keys
2. Indicator Lamp
3. Receiver for Programming

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1. Turn the ignition key to position 2
2. To clear any previous codes or for initial use: press and hold both outside channel keys until the indicator lamp flashes and then release.
3. Hold the original hand-held transmitter toward the receiver a maximum of 2 inches away.
4. Press the transmitter button of the original device and at the same time the desired channel key on the Universal Transmitter. Release both keys as soon as the indicator lamp flashes rapidly.
5. To program two more devices and the next two channels repeat 3 & 4 .

If the original device is a "rolling code" transmitter : (This step requires two people)

1. Program the Universal Transmitter as described above.
2. Press and hold the programming button on the RECEIVER of the device to be operated until the programming light on the RECEIVER comes on.
3. Press the desired channel key of the BMW Universal Transmitter three times.

Using Memory Storage For Seat, Steering And Mirrors

Cars equipped with memory seats may store up to three different seat positions. Most models have steering column and outside mirror positions also stored along with the seat position. Dependent on the production date the E46 may only have seat memory or it may also include the outside mirrors (9/99 production incorporates mirror modules).

To Store a Setting

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1. Ignition in position 1 or 2 (KLR or KL15)
2. Adjust the seat, steering column (if electric) and outside mirror positions.
3. Press the MEMORY button, the button will illuminate.
4. Press storage location button 1, 2 or 3, the light in the memory button will go out.

To Recall A Stored Position

One touch (convenience) function

1. Drivers door open or door closed with ignition in position 1 (KLR).
2. Tap the stored location button desired 1-3.

Seat will move automatically to stored settings.

Press and hold (security) function

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1. Drivers door closed and the ignition in position 0 or 2 (off, KL15)
2. Press and hold the stored location button until the adjustments are completed.

Fuse Locations

There are various locations for power distribution boxes on different models. Shown on the next two pages are the descriptions and locations for several models.

3 Series Locations

1. E36: Left rear corner of engine compartment.
2. E46: Inside glove box. High amperage fuses are mounted on top of fuse box.

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5 Series And X5

1. E34: Left rear corner of engine compartment.
2. E39: Inside of glove box and right hand side of luggage compartment. High amperage fuses are located underneath the passenger front seat.
3. E53: Inside of glove box and right hand side of cargo area. High amperage fuses are located inside of spare tire well.

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1. E32: Left rear corner of engine compartment.
2. E38: Right rear corner of engine compartment and right hand side of luggage compartment. High amperage fuses are located underneath the passenger front seat.

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1. E31: Left rear corner of engine compartment and left hand corner of luggage compartment.
2. E52: Inside of glove box and behind the passenger seat in the CD changer storage box. High amperage fuse are located next to the battery in the trunk.

Jump Starting

Most BMWs have their batteries in the trunk/cargo area or under the rear seat. Having the batteries out of the hot engine compartment helps to extend battery life. The rear location also helps in vehicle weight distribution and can act as a harmonic dampener.

If jump starting is the only alternative it should be conducted at the jump starting terminals in the engine compartment.

A review of proper jump starting is as follows

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Carefully observe location and polarity of terminals.

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1. Positive cable to support car.
2. Positive cable to car needing jump.
3. Negative cable to CHASSIS GROUND on support vehicle first then to the vehicle needing jump.
4. Before disconnecting the jumper cables apply a load to the electrical system by: turning on the lights, rear window defroster, and blower on maximum. This will minimize risk of voltage surge when the cables are disconnected.
5. Remove cables in the reverse order.