INSPECTION
| CAUTION | After warming-up, engine becomes very hot. Be careful not to burn yourself during measurement. |
Scheme 108
Scheme 109
- After warming-up the engine, turn the ignition switch to OFF.
- Make sure that the battery is fully charged.
- Remove the fuse of fuel pump from main fuse box.
- Start the engine and run it until it stalls.
- After the engine stalls, crank it for five more seconds.
- Turn the ignition switch to OFF.
- Remove all spark plugs. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-357093-S11160938452010030800000) , Spark Plug.
- Fully open the throttle valve.
- Check the starter motor for satisfactory performance and operation.
- Secure the compression gauge tightly against the spark plug hole. NOTE: When using a screw-in type compression gauge, the screw should be less than 18 mm (0.71 in) long.
- Crank the engine by the starter motor, and read the maximum value on the gauge when the needle of compression gauge is steady.
- Perform at least two measurements per cylinder, and make sure that the values are correct. Compression (fully open throttle): Standard 981 - 1,177 kPa (10 - 12 kgf/cm 2 , 142 - 171 psi) Difference between cylinders 49 kPa (0.5 kgf/cm 2 , 7 psi) or less
- After inspection, install the related parts in the reverse order of removal.
- Before checking the idle speed, check the following item: Check the air cleaner element is free from clogging, ignition timing is correct, spark plugs are in good condition, and hoses are connected properly. Check the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate.
- Warm up the engine.
- Read the engine idle speed using Subaru Select Monitor. Refer to «READ CURRENT DATA FOR ENGINE (NORMAL MODE)»(ref-357088-S16053884052010030800000) , OPERATION, Subaru Select Monitor.
- Check the idle speed when no-loaded. (Headlight, heater fan, rear defroster, radiator fan, A/C and etc. are OFF) Idle speed (No load and gear shift lever in neutral position): 700±100 RPM
- Check the idle speed when loaded. (Turn the A/C switch to "ON" and operate the compressor for at least one minute before measurement.) Idle speed (A/C ON and gear shift lever in neutral position): 750±100 RPM NOTE: Idle speed cannot be adjusted manually, because the idle speed is automatically adjusted. If the prescribed idle speed cannot be maintained, refer to «BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE»(ref-357088-S11463676542010030800000) , General On-board Diagnosis Table.
| CAUTION | After warming-up, engine becomes very hot. Be careful not to burn yourself at measurement. |
| CAUTION | Before removing the fuel pressure gauge, release the fuel pressure. Be careful not to spill fuel. Catch the fuel from hoses using a container or cloth. |
Note. If the fuel pressure is out of specification, check or replace the pressure regulator and pressure regulator vacuum hose.
Scheme 110
- Release the fuel pressure. Refer to «RELEASING OF FUEL PRESSURE»(ref-357081-S28704346012010030800000) , PROCEDURE, Fuel.
- Open the fuel filler lid and remove the fuel filler cap.
- Disconnect the fuel delivery hose from pulsation damper, and connect fuel pressure gauge.
- Start the engine.
- Measure the fuel pressure while disconnecting pressure regulator vacuum hose from intake manifold. NOTE: The fuel pressure gauge registers 10 to 20 kPa (0.1 to 0.2 kgf/cm 2 , 1 to 3 psi) higher than standard values during high-altitude operations. Fuel pressure: Standard 284 - 3/4 kPa (2.9 - 3.2 kgf/cm 2 , 41 - 46 psi)
- After connecting the pressure regulator vacuum hose, measure the fuel pressure. NOTE: The fuel pressure gauge registers 10 to 20 kPa (0.1 to 0.2 kgf/cm 2 , 1 to 3 psi) higher than standard values during high-altitude operations. Fuel pressure: Standard 230 - 260 kPa (2.35 - 2.65 kgf/cm 2 , 33 - 38 psi)
| CAUTION | If engine oil is split onto the exhaust pipe, wipe it off with cloth to avoid emission of smoke or causing a fire. |
Note. Inspection and adjustment of valve clearance should be performed while engine is cold.
Scheme 111
Scheme 112
Scheme 113
Scheme 114
Scheme 115
Scheme 116
- Set the vehicle on a lift.
- Disconnect the ground cable from battery.
- Remove the air intake duct. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-357076-S39226648372010030800000) , Air Intake Duct.
- Remove the bolt which secures timing belt cover RH.
- Lift up the vehicle.
- Remove the under cover.
- Loosen the remaining bolts which secure timing belt cover RH, then remove the timing belt cover.
- Lower the vehicle.
- When inspecting #1 and #3 cylinders Remove the air cleaner case. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-357076-S26446360742010030800000) , Air Cleaner Case. Remove the ignition coil. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-357093-S04223111392010030800000) , Ignition Coil. Place a suitable container under the vehicle. Disconnect the PCV hose from the rocker cover RH. NOTE: For the PCV hose affixed with the clamp, fit the depression in the ST with the protrusion of the clamp as shown in the figure below, unlock the clamp and disconnect. ST 18353AA000 CLAMP PLIERS Remove the bolts, then remove the rocker cover RH.
- When inspecting #2 and #4 cylinders Remove the battery. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-357077-S20111493982010030800000) , Battery. Remove the secondary air pump. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-357078-S11886107782010030800000) , Secondary Air Pump. Remove the ignition coil. Refer to «REMOVAL»(ref-357093-S04223111392010030800000) , Ignition Coil. Place a suitable container under the vehicle. Disconnect the PCV hose from the rocker cover LH. NOTE: For the PCV hose affixed with the clamp, fit the depression in the ST with the protrusion of the clamp as shown in the figure below, unlock the clamp and disconnect. ST 18353AA000 CLAMP PLIERS Remove the bolts, then remove the rocker cover LH.
- Turn the crank pulley clockwise until the round mark on the camshaft sprocket is set to position shown in the figure. NOTE: Turn the crank pulley using a socket wrench. Measurement of clearance of #1 cylinder intake valve and #3 cylinder exhaust valve Measurement of clearance of #2 cylinder exhaust valve and #3 cylinder intake valve Measurement of clearance of #2 cylinder intake valve and #4 cylinder exhaust valve Measurement of clearance of #1 cylinder exhaust valve and #4 cylinder intake valve
- Measure the clearance of intake valve and exhaust valve using thickness gauge (A). NOTE: Insert a thickness gauge in a direction as horizontal as possible with respect to the valve lifter. Lift up the vehicle, and then measure the exhaust valve clearances. If the measured value is not within the inspection value, take notes of the value in order to adjust the valve clearance later on. Valve clearance (inspection value): Intake 0.20 +004 -0.06 mm (0.0079 +0.0016 -0.0024 in) Exhaust 0.35±0.05 mm (0.0138±0.0020 in)
- If necessary, adjust the valve clearance. Refer to «ADJUSTMENT»(ref-357079-S30038380442010030800000) , Valve Clearance.
- After inspection, install the related parts in the reverse order of removal. NOTE: Use a new rocker cover gasket. Use a new clamp for the PCV hose clamp, fit the cut out in the ST with the protrusion on the clamp as shown in the figure, and lock the clamp. ST 18353AA000 CLAMP PLIERS
- Check that pipes, hoses, connectors and clamps are installed firmly.
- Check the engine coolant is at specified level.
- Start the engine and check for exhaust gas, engine coolant, leaks of fuel, etc. Also check for noise and vibrations.
Make sure that no crack or other damages do not exist.
Scheme 117
- After removing the engine from body, install ST to engine as shown in the figure. ST1 498457000 ENGINE STAND ADAPTER RH ST2 498457100 ENGINE STAND ADAPTER LH ST3 499817100 ENGINE STAND
- In this information the procedures described under each index are all connected and stated in order. The procedure for overhauling of the engine will be completed when you go through all steps in the process. Therefore, in this service information, to conduct the particular procedure within the flow of a section, you need to go back and conduct the procedure described previously in order to do that particular procedure.
- Make sure the V-belt is not worn or otherwise damaged.
- Check the tension of the front side belt. Refer to «INSPECTION»(ref-357079-S34100908282010030800000) , V-belt.
Check the timing belt cover for damage.
- Check the cam sprocket teeth for abnormal wear and scratches.
- Make sure there is no free play between cam sprocket and key.
- Check the crank sprocket teeth for abnormal wear and scratches.
- Make sure there is no free play between crank sprocket and key.
- Check the crank sprocket protrusion used for sensor for damage and contamination of foreign matter.
Note. The "RANK" shown in the chart shows the possibilities of the cause of trouble in order from "Very often" to "Rarely".
A - Very often
B - Sometimes
C - Rarely
| Symptom | Problem parts etc. | Possible cause | RANK |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Engine does not start. | |||
| 1) Starter does not turn. | Starter | Defective battery-to-starter harness | B |
| Defective starter switch | C | ||
| Defective starter | B | ||
| Battery | Improper connection of terminal | A | |
| Run-down battery | A | ||
| Defective charging system | B | ||
| Friction | Seizure of crankshaft and connecting rod bearing | C | |
| Seized camshaft | C | ||
| Seized or stuck piston and cylinder | C | ||
| 2) Initial combustion does not occur. | Starter | Defective starter | C |
| Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | ||
| Fuel line | Defective fuel pump and relay | A | |
| Clogged fuel line | C | ||
| Lack of fuel or insufficient fuel | B | ||
| Timing belt | Degradation, etc. | B | |
| Defective timing | B | ||
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | C | |
| Loosened spark plug or defective gasket | C | ||
| Loosened cylinder head bolt or defective cylinder head gasket | C | ||
| Improper valve sealing | C | ||
| Defective valve stem | C | ||
| Worn or broken valve spring | B | ||
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | C | ||
| Incorrect valve timing | B | ||
| Improper engine oil (low viscosity) | B | ||
| 3) Initial combustion occurs. | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Defective intake manifold gasket | B | |
| Defective throttle body gasket | B | ||
| Fuel line | Defective fuel pump and relay | C | |
| Clogged fuel line | C | ||
| Lack of fuel or insufficient fuel | B | ||
| Timing belt | Degradation, etc. | B | |
| Defective timing | B | ||
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | C | |
| Loosened spark plug or defective gasket | C | ||
| Loosened cylinder head bolt or defective cylinder head gasket | C | ||
| Improper valve sealing | C | ||
| Defective valve stem | C | ||
| Worn or broken valve spring | B | ||
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | C | ||
| Incorrect valve timing | B | ||
| Improper engine oil (low viscosity) | B | ||
| 4) Engine stalls after initial combustion. | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Loosened or cracked intake duct | B | |
| Loosened or cracked PCV hose | C | ||
| Loosened or cracked vacuum hose | C | ||
| Defective intake manifold gasket | B | ||
| Defective throttle body gasket | B | ||
| Dirty air cleaner element | C | ||
| Fuel line | Clogged fuel line | C | |
| Lack of fuel or insufficient fuel | B | ||
| Timing belt | Degradation, etc. | B | |
| Defective timing | B | ||
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | C | |
| Loosened spark plug or defective gasket | C | ||
| Loosened cylinder head bolt or defective cylinder head gasket | C | ||
| Improper valve sealing | C | ||
| Defective valve stem | C | ||
| Worn or broken valve spring | B | ||
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | C | ||
| Incorrect valve timing | B | ||
| Improper engine oil (low viscosity) | B | ||
| 2. Rough idle and engine stall | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Loosened or cracked intake duct | A | |
| Loosened or cracked PCV hose | A | ||
| Loosened or cracked vacuum hose | A | ||
| Defective intake manifold gasket | B | ||
| Defective throttle body gasket | B | ||
| Defective PCV valve | C | ||
| Loosened oil filler cap | B | ||
| Dirty air cleaner element | C | ||
| Fuel line | Defective fuel pump and relay | C | |
| Clogged fuel line | C | ||
| Lack of fuel or insufficient fuel | B | ||
| Timing belt | Defective timing | C | |
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | B | |
| Loosened spark plug or defective gasket | B | ||
| Loosened cylinder head bolt or defective cylinder head gasket | B | ||
| Improper valve sealing | B | ||
| Defective valve stem | C | ||
| Worn or broken valve spring | B | ||
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | B | ||
| Incorrect valve timing | A | ||
| Improper engine oil (low viscosity) | B | ||
| Lubrication system | Incorrect oil pressure | B | |
| Defective rocker cover gasket | C | ||
| Cooling system | Over-heating | C | |
| Others | Evaporative emission control system malfunction | A | |
| Stuck or damaged throttle valve | B | ||
| 3. Low output, hesitation and poor acceleration | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Loosened or cracked intake duct | A | |
| Loosened or cracked PCV hose | A | ||
| Loosened or cracked vacuum hose | B | ||
| Defective intake manifold gasket | B | ||
| Defective throttle body gasket | B | ||
| Defective PCV valve | B | ||
| Loosened oil filler cap | B | ||
| Dirty air cleaner element | A | ||
| Fuel line | Defective fuel pump and relay | B | |
| Clogged fuel line | B | ||
| Lack of fuel or insufficient fuel | C | ||
| Timing belt | Defective timing | B | |
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | B | |
| Loosened spark plug or defective gasket | B | ||
| Loosened cylinder head bolt or defective cylinder head gasket | B | ||
| Improper valve sealing | B | ||
| Defective valve stem | C | ||
| Worn or broken valve spring | B | ||
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | C | ||
| Incorrect valve timing | A | ||
| Improper engine oil (low viscosity) | B | ||
| Lubrication system | Incorrect oil pressure | B | |
| Cooling system | Over-heating | C | |
| Over-cooling | C | ||
| Others | Evaporative emission control system malfunction | A | |
| 4. Surging | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Loosened or cracked intake duct | A | |
| Loosened or cracked PCV hose | A | ||
| Loosened or cracked vacuum hose | A | ||
| Defective intake manifold gasket | B | ||
| Defective throttle body gasket | B | ||
| Defective PCV valve | B | ||
| Loosened oil filler cap | B | ||
| Dirty air cleaner element | B | ||
| Fuel line | Defective fuel pump and relay | B | |
| Clogged fuel line | B | ||
| Lack of fuel or insufficient fuel | C | ||
| Timing belt | Defective timing | B | |
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | B | |
| Loosened spark plug or defective gasket | C | ||
| Loosened cylinder head bolt or defective cylinder head gasket | C | ||
| Improper valve sealing | C | ||
| Defective valve stem | C | ||
| Worn or broken valve spring | C | ||
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | C | ||
| Incorrect valve timing | A | ||
| Improper engine oil (low viscosity) | B | ||
| Cooling system | Over-heating | B | |
| Others | Evaporative emission control system malfunction | C | |
| 5. Engine does not return to idle. | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Loosened or cracked vacuum hose | A | |
| Others | Stuck or damaged throttle valve | A | |
| 6. Dieseling (Run-on) | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Cooling system | Over-heating | B | |
| Others | Evaporative emission control system malfunction | B | |
| 7. After burning in exhaust system | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Loosened or cracked intake duct | C | |
| Loosened or cracked PCV hose | C | ||
| Loosened or cracked vacuum hose | B | ||
| Defective PCV valve | B | ||
| Loosened oil filler cap | C | ||
| Timing belt | Defective timing | B | |
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | B | |
| Loosened spark plug or defective gasket | C | ||
| Loosened cylinder head bolt or defective cylinder head gasket | C | ||
| Improper valve sealing | B | ||
| Defective valve stem | C | ||
| Worn or broken valve spring | C | ||
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | C | ||
| Incorrect valve timing | A | ||
| Lubrication system | Incorrect oil pressure | C | |
| Cooling system | Over-cooling | C | |
| Others | Evaporative emission control system malfunction | C | |
| 8. Knocking | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Loosened oil filler cap | B | |
| Timing belt | Defective timing | B | |
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | C | |
| Incorrect valve timing | B | ||
| Cooling system | Over-heating | A | |
| 9. Excessive engine oil consumption | Intake system | Loosened or cracked PCV hose | A |
| Defective PCV valve | B | ||
| Loosened oil filler cap | C | ||
| Compression | Defective valve stem | A | |
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | A | ||
| Lubrication system | Loosened oil pump attaching bolts and defective gasket | B | |
| Defective oil filter gasket | B | ||
| Defective crankshaft oil seal | B | ||
| Defective rocker cover gasket | B | ||
| Loosened oil drain plug or defective gasket | B | ||
| Loosened oil pan fitting bolts or defective oil pan | B | ||
| 10. Excessive fuel consumption | Engine control system Refer to BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE . | A | |
| Intake system | Dirty air cleaner element | A | |
| Timing belt | Defective timing | B | |
| Compression | Incorrect valve clearance | B | |
| Loosened spark plug or defective gasket | C | ||
| Loosened cylinder head bolt or defective cylinder head gasket | C | ||
| Improper valve sealing | B | ||
| Defective valve stem | C | ||
| Worn or broken valve spring | C | ||
| Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston | B | ||
| Incorrect valve timing | B | ||
| Lubrication system | Incorrect oil pressure | C | |
| Cooling system | Over-cooling | C | |
PROBLEM SYMPTOM REFERENCE CHART
| Type of sound | Condition | Possible cause |
|---|---|---|
| Regular clicking sound | Sound increases as engine speed increases. | Valve mechanism is defective. Incorrect valve clearance Worn camshaft Broken valve spring |
| Heavy and dull clank | Oil pressure is low. | Worn crankshaft main bearing Worn connecting rod bearing (large end) |
| Oil pressure is normal. | Loosened flywheel mounting bolt Damaged engine mounting | |
| High-pitched clank | Sound is noticeable when accelerating with an overload condition. | Ignition timing advanced Accumulation of carbon inside combustion chamber Wrong heat range of spark plug Improper octane value gasoline |
| Clank when engine speed is between 1,000 and 2,000 rpms. | Noise is reduced when fuel injector connector of noisy cylinder is disconnected. ( (1) ) | Worn crankshaft main bearing Worn connecting rod bearing (large end) |
| Knocking sound when engine is operating under idling speed and engine is warm | Noise is reduced when fuel injector connector of noisy cylinder is disconnected. ( (1) ) | Worn cylinder liner and piston ring Broken or stuck piston ring Worn piston pin and hole at piston end of connecting rod |
| Sound is not reduced if each fuel injector connector is disconnected in turn. ( (1) ) | Unusually worn valve lifter Worn cam sprocket Worn camshaft journal bore in cylinder head | |
| Squeaky sound | Insufficient generator lubrication | |
| Rubbing sound | Poor contact of generator brush and rotor | |
| Gear scream when starting engine | Defective ignition starter switch Worn gear and starter pinion | |
| Sound like polishing glass with a dry cloth | Loose V-belt Defective water pump shaft | |
| Hissing sound | Insufficient compression Air leakage in air intake system, hose, connection or manifold | |
| Timing belt noise | Loose timing belt Timing belt contacting with adjacent part | |
| Valve noise | Incorrect valve clearance | |
| (1) When disconnecting the fuel injector connector, the malfunction indicator light illuminates and DTC is stored in ECM memory. Therefore, perform the Clear Memory Mode Refer to OPERATION , Clear Memory Mode. and Inspection Mode Refer to PROCEDURE , Inspection Mode. after connecting the fuel injector connector. | ||
| (1) | When disconnecting the fuel injector connector, the malfunction indicator light illuminates and DTC is stored in ECM memory. Therefore, perform the Clear Memory Mode Refer to OPERATION , Clear Memory Mode. and Inspection Mode Refer to PROCEDURE , Inspection Mode. after connecting the fuel injector connector. |
ENGINE NOISE AND POSSIBLE CAUSE REFERENCE CHART