Electrical -- Basic Knowledge -- Position Finding: Other Mercedes-Benz E-class W212/S212/C207/A207

Continuous position finding, function - GF82.61-P-2002T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio with CODE (527) Navigation module for COMAND

Scheme 285

Shown on model 211.0

The navigation processor for the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56), with code (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio, is integrated into the operating unit. With the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3), with code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation), the external navigation module is referred to as a navigation processor (N41/1)

Scheme 286

Determination of location is the calculation of the vehicle's current position. It is activated by opening the driver door or by switching on the ignition and is run by the navigation processor (N41/1). During the switch-on phase (software is loaded), only the basic position finding is available. Once the ignition is switched off all important position finding parameters are stored during a run-on time of 30 minutes.

Three complementary methods are utilized for continuous position finding. This ensures very accurate and reliable position finding.

These methods are

1. Basic position finding
2. Map-supported map matching
3. GPS position finding

In order to manually input the vehicle location, it is possible to enter the location manually at the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) with code (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio or COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) with code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation). This may be useful after the vehicle has been transported (e.g. ferry or train) if there was no GPS reception at the start of the journey

Constant map matching, function - GF82.61-P-2002TJ

MODEL 211.0/2 with CODE (529) HIGH Class Japan

Scheme 287

Scheme 288

Scheme 289

With code (529) HIGH Class Japan the navigation processor is integrated in the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3)

Continuous position finding is the calculation of the current vehicle position.

It is activated and performed by the navigation processor even by opening the driver door or via "terminal 15R ON". During the switch-on phase (software is loaded), only basic map matching is available.

After "terminal 15R OFF" all the all the important location finding parameters are stored during a run-on time of t = 30 min.

Three complementary methods are utilized for continuous position finding. This ensures very accurate and reliable position finding.

These methods are

1. Basic position finding (dead reckoning)
2. Map-supported location finding (map matching)
3. GPS location finding

It is possible to enter the location manually on the operating and display unit. This may be useful after the vehicle has been transported (e.g. ferry or train) if there was no GPS reception at the start of the journey

Constant map matching, function - GF82.61-P-2002TU

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 30.6.06 with CODE (528) HIGH Class USA

Shown on Model 211.0

With code (527) navigation module for COMAND and code (528) HIGH Class USA the external navigation module is designated navigation processor (N41/1)

Continuous position finding is the calculation of the current vehicle position.

Even by opening the driver's door or with "circuit 15 ON" this is activated and carried out by the navigation processor (N41/1). During the switch-on phase (software is loaded), only basic map matching is available.

After "circuit 15 OFF" all the important location finding parameters are stored during a run-on time of 30 minutes.

Three complementary methods are utilized for continuous position finding. This ensures very accurate and reliable position finding.

These methods are

1. Basic location finding
2. Map-supported map matching
3. GPS location finding

When entering the vehicle location there is the possibility of entering the location manually on the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3). This may be useful after the vehicle has been transported (e.g. ferry or train) if there was no GPS reception at the start of the journey

Navigation, function - GF82.61-P-2003T

MODELS 211.0/2 with CODE (813) Voice control system (VCS)

Function

The navigation control menu is activated with the "navigation" command. Then, the voice control system (VCS) enables the navigation commands. One complete destination can be entered via voice input. The city names can be spoken directly depending on the size, or spelled at any time. Street names, centering points, intersections have to be spelled out. Once the destination has been entered, navigation can be started. An ongoing navigation can be aborted via voice command. No destination can be entered while a navigation process is running.

Spelling and matching

To be able to find the most likely match for the spelled words, the so-called matching is necessary.

Matching (comparison of entered letters and an already existing list on the navigation CD) is described in the following. While entering the spelling into the voice control system (VCS), matching is prepared in the navigation system. The preparation mainly consists of building the necessary matching list from the entries on the navigation CD. This build-up can occur directly from the entries on the navigation CD. The voice control system (VCS) transmits the recognition results to the navigation system (approx. 5 alternative sequences of letters, sorted by recognition probability). The recognition result is evaluated or compared to the already created matching list by using the matching algorithm. The result is a list of the most probable alternatives.

The programs and data for matching and the build-up of the matching lists are provided by the particular navigation manufacturers. The matching algorithm is a method that is used to filter the most likely meaning from an existing list out of a sequence of letters that is incorrectly spelled. The results after matching are then shown in the display.

The user can now select a city from this list by speaking the number of the desired location.

Entering an address

The radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) or the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) have to be in the navigation mode in order to be able to enter the address. The address can be entered in several entry steps (entry of the location, entry of the street, intersection, and house number). Next, navigation can be started.

There are two entry options; either a complete address can be entered via voice command, or only one part is specified via voice command and the rest in written form.

Entering a city

After entering the "entering a city" command, the vocabulary for the city name entry is activated as whole words. The size of the vocabulary, in other words the number of cities that can be entered using whole words depends on the VCS destination hardware. These cities can be spoken "naturally" (e.g., Stuttgart, Hildesheim, Ulm, etc.).

The results of the voice recognition are numbered and, sorted by recognition probability, shown on the display. The user can select the desired destination city by speaking the appropriate number. After operating the VCS switch (S93/2), a window is shown on the display to the user in the first user mode, which lists the possible commands.

The first line shows the destination (city of street) that was last entered either in written form or via voice command.

Spelling the city

With this function all city names can be entered in semi-spelling mode. For this purpose it is usually sufficient to say the first 5 to 6 letters of the city name in order to clearly identify it. In doing so, the voice recognition system is activated in order to spell. After entering the first letters, a comparison with the database of the navigation system takes place. The results are shown in the display. If the desired city name appears in the displayed lists, then the desired city can be accepted by using the "accept number X" command.

Entering the street

The street name is entered by using the spelling mode the same way the city name is entered. In doing so, the entire number of possible streets that exist in the selected city are represented by the navigation system. If no digitized streets are available, then this information is provided to the user by the voice control system (VCS).

The system retrieves the current destination data from the navigation system and shows a window with the possible commands. It is usually sufficient to say the first 5 to 6 letters of the street name in order to clearly identify it.

Entering a house number or starting navigation

The user can now either start the navigation or, if this is possible for the selected street, also enter a house number. In larger cities the streets are digitized down to the appropriate house numbers. It is now possible to select the desired house number via voice command.

Again, a window shows a list of possible commands. The user can now select the desired entry as usual.

Entering a complete address

The user is guided through the complete dialog by the voice control system (VCS) after entering an initial command for the entry of a destination address. This command can be used to entered an entire destination without any break.

Starting navigation

If a valid destination was entered, then navigation can be started via voice dialog.

Save the navigation destination memory (entered destination)

If a destination was entered into the navigation system in written form or via a voice command, then the current destination can be transferred into the address book by using the "save destination" command. If the spoken sequence number already exists, then the destination is saved there, else a new entry is created in the address book.

Changing the destination area

A DVD exists for the navigation systems on which several countries are digitized. These countries can only be addressed individually, in other words only the destinations of the country that is currently active on the DVD are selected. In order to be able to select a different country on the DVD via voice command, the "change destination area" voice command was introduced.

Audio 50 APS audio functions - GF82.61-P-2007TXB

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (511) Audio 50 APS with DVD changer with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

General information

The following audio functions can be selected using the 'Audio' menu item

1. Radio operation function sequence (ultra-short wave (FM), medium wave (MW), long wave (LW), short wave (SW))
2. Player (single slot) function sequence (with code 525 MB Audio 50 APS radio) or DVD changer function sequence (with code 511 Audio 50 APS with DVD changer)
3. AUX function sequence, except code 518 Media interface

Other subfunctions are

1. Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) function, with code 537 Digital radio and with code 833 Great Britain version
2. Media interface function, with code 518 Media interface

Operating instructions

Audio functions are operated using the following components

1. Left multifunction steering wheel button group (S110)
2. Right multifunction steering wheel button group (S111)
3. Control panels on the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56)

With "Circuit 15R OFF", the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) subscribers are activated when the radio control panel and navigation unit is switched on

Function requirements

1. Status "Circuit 30 ON"
2. The Auto pilot system (APS) is working correctly

1. No fault in antenna system (radio function)
2. The medium to be played is available and correct

Function sequence for radio mode (FM/MW/LW/SW), general

The antennas in the rear window receive high frequency (HF) signals for the radio frequency bands via frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM) (MW, LW and SW). The following useful signals relevant for the radio reception are modulated onto these HF signals

1. Music signals
2. Speech signals
3. Data signals (e.g. Traffic Message Channel (TMC) messages (traffic information))

The high frequency signals are routed via direct lines to the corresponding antenna amplifier. These antenna amplifiers filter the frequencies of the radio frequency bands out of the received HF signals and amplify them. The amplified signals are then transmitted via coaxial cables (FM, AM) to the tuner that is integrated in the radio control panel and navigation unit, demodulated and output via the speakers.

Function sequence for AM tuner (MW, LW, SW)

For the MW, LW and SW radio frequency bands, the useful signals are broadcast using AM. These signals are demodulated by the AM tuner integrated into the radio control panel and navigation unit. In other words, it separates the useful signals (audible frequencies) from the carrier signal (inaudible).

Function sequence for FM twin tuner with phase diversity (FM/TMC)

For the FM radio frequency band, the useful signals are broadcast using FM. These signals are demodulated by the FM twin tuner integrated into the radio control panel and navigation unit. In other words, it also separates the useful signals (audible frequencies) from the carrier signal (inaudible). The radio control panel and navigation unit also enables an additional reception-specific changeover between the two antenna amplifiers.

Function requirements for Radio Data System (RDS)

1. An RDS station is tuned in.
2. The "RDS" function is activated

Function sequence for RDS

Digital, inaudible information such as station names, type of program (PTY) (e.g. pop, culture) that is broadcast by RDS stations is evaluated by the radio control panel and navigation unit and shown on the display.

Function sequence for player (single slot) (with code 525 MB Audio 50 APS radio)

There is a Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) drive integrated in the radio control panel and navigation unit. This can be used to play audio Compact Disks (CDs) and MPEG-1 audio layer 3 (MP3) DVDs. User guidance for controlling DVD/CD functionality and displaying supplemental information takes place in the radio control panel and navigation unit display.

Function sequence for DVD changer (with code 511 Audio 50 APS with DVD changer)

A DVD changer is integrated into the radio control panel and navigation unit. This enables audio CDs and MP3 DVDs to be played.

User guidance for controlling DVD/CD functionality and displaying supplemental information takes place in the radio control panel and navigation unit display.

The DVD/CD menu and the Track menu, which are stored on the inserted DVD/CD, are then shown on the display of the radio control panel and navigation unit. For this reason, the function scope and menu display are dependent on each respective medium

Function sequence for AUX, except code 518 Media interface

If an external device (e.g. MP3 player) is connected in the glove box, the corresponding basic display appears on the radio.

The following functions are shown on the playback field

1. Title name
2. Completed title time
3. Album name, if present
4. Playback lists
5. Playback options
6. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill) (H4/27)
7. Left rear surround speaker (H4/54)
8. Right rear surround speaker (H4/57)

The bass box speaker audio signal travels from the radio control panel and navigation unit to the sound system amplifier via MOST and from there, via direct lines to the bass box speaker via the subwoofer amplifier (N40/9)

Speaker output

On vehicles with code (810) Sound system, the data exchange between the radio control panel and navigation unit and the amplifier for sound system takes place via the MOST. The audio output takes place over the following speakers

1. Left front door speaker group (H4/1)
2. Right front door speaker group (H4/2)
3. Left rear door speaker group (H4/3)
4. Right rear door speaker group (H4/4)
5. Bass box speaker (H4/17)

For vehicles except code (810) Sound system, the audio signals are finally amplified in the radio control panel and navigation unit and then sent to the following speakers via direct lines

1. Left front door speaker group
2. Right front door speaker group
3. Left rear door speaker group
4. Right rear door speaker group
5. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill)

Position finding and destination-oriented navigation, function - GF82.61-P-2010TJA

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation) with CODE (498) Japan version as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

Function requirements

1. Status "Circuit 30 ON" for Global Positioning System (GPS) position finding
2. Status "Circuit 15R ON", for basic position finding
3. COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3) activated via "ON" button
4. "Navi" menu selected
5. Destination has been entered
6. No error in GPS antenna system

General information concerning position finding

GPS is available worldwide. The GPS satellites permanently transmit time and position data (longitude and latitude). GPS position finding is irretrievable after vehicle transport (e.g. by train or ferry or after towing).

Basic position finding runs parallel to GPS position finding.

The position finding function consists of the following component functions

1. GPS position finding function sequence
2. Basic position finding function sequence
3. Destination-oriented navigation function sequence

Function sequence for GPS position finding

The GPS receiver COMAND is integrated into the COMAND operating, display and controller unit. It receives the GPS signals from the GPS antenna (A2/49a2) over the following path

1. Direct line
2. COMAND operating, display and controller unit

The GPS signals are used by the COMAND operating, display and controller unit to calculate the momentary position of the vehicle (receiver). In addition, the vehicle's direction of travel is determined with the aid of the sequence of the locations calculated with GPS.

Possible problems in GPS signal reception

Since GPS operates in the Gigahertz (GHz) range (microwaves) and the signals are weak, reception interference can occur as a result of the following events

1. Atmospheric interference, e.g. inclement weather, water vapor, fog, snow
2. Multiple path reception due to reflection of the signals
3. Signal blocking, e.g. in built-over areas and in tunnels, through high-rise buildings, trees

Function sequence, basic position finding (dead reckoning)

The COMAND operating, display and controller unit requires the following information for basic position finding

1. Wheel speed signals
2. Vehicle orientation (change in angle)
3. Direction of travel data (forwards or backwards)
4. Last position

The wheel speed signals are recorded by the following RPM sensors

1. Left front RPM sensor (L6/1)
2. Right front RPM sensor (L6/2)
3. Left rear RPM sensor (L6/3)
4. Right rear RPM sensor (L6/4)

The wheel speed signals are transferred to the COMAND operating, display and controller unit from the RPM sensors over the following path

1. Direct line
2. ESP control unit (N47-5)
3. Controller Area Network bus Class C (engine compartment) (CAN-C)
4. Central gateway control unit (N93)
5. Controller area network bus, class B (interior compartment) (CAN B)

The travel distance data is also determined from the wheel speeds.

The data for the vehicle orientation (change in angle) is processed internally by the turn rate sensor (gyro sensor) integrated into the COMAND operating, display and controller unit.

The data about the direction of travel (forward or backward) is received by the COMAND operating, display and controller unit via the CAN-B from the central gateway control unit.

The COMAND operating, display and controller unit then calculates the coupled position from the distance traveled and in consideration of the vehicle orientation and direction of travel. This coupled position is compared with the GPS data (longitude, latitude, direction). This position data is then compared with the map data (map matching). In order to detect the street level (overpass) the vertical angle (by the 3D gyro) and the information from the Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) gates are taken into consideration.

Error during position finding

Basic position finding is falsified when a vehicle rolls backwards with "circuit 15 OFF" (ignition switched off) or if it is transported somewhere. In both cases, the deviation is automatically corrected by the navigation processor integrated in the COMAND operating, display and controller unit, provided GPS data are received.

Destination-oriented navigation function sequence

The destination-oriented navigation consists of the following subfunctions

1. Destination-oriented navigation function sequence through voice output
2. Destination-oriented navigation function sequence through visual display
3. Function sequence Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS) over FM multiplexer

Function sequence for destination-oriented navigation through voice output

In vehicles with code 810 Sound system, the voice output is effected by the COMAND operating, display and controller unit via the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) to the sound system amplifier (N40/3) and from there to the front speakers via direct lines

Destination-oriented navigation function sequence through visual display

The signals for visual representation of the destination-oriented navigation (map navigation) are generated by the COMAND operating, display and controller unit and indicated on the display on the COMAND operating, display and controller unit.

The integrated navigation processor continuously compares the route calculation data with the position finding data and uses the data to deduce measures for further destination-oriented navigation. The destination-oriented navigation voice output is emitted over direct lines to the following speakers

1. Left front door speaker group (H4/1)
2. Right front door speaker group (H4/2)
3. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill) (H4/27)

VICS function sequence over FM multiplexer

The driver is provided with vital information by the VICS on the current traffic situation. Traffic impairments and traffic jams are shown on the map, however they are not incorporated into the dynamic route guidance. The radio antenna signal path is as follows

1. Left antenna amplifier module (A2/64)
2. Direct line
3. COMAND operating, display and controller unit

The VICS information is edited in the FM multiplexer integrated into the COMAND operating, display and controller unit. The information is then shown on the display on the COMAND operating, display and controller unit. In addition, the FM multiplexer can also receive additional information, e.g. on the weather or earthquakes.

Position finding and destination-oriented navigation, function - GF82.61-P-2010TM

MODEL 211.0/2 as of 1.6.06 with CODE (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation)

MODEL 211.0/2 as of 1.7.06 with CODE (530) COMAND APS USA (with navigation system)

Determination of location is the calculation of the vehicle's current position. It is activated by opening the driver door or by switching on the ignition and is run by the navigation processor (N41/1). During the switch-on phase (software is loaded), only the basic position finding is available. Once the ignition is switched off all important position finding parameters are stored during a run-on time of 30 minutes.

3 complementary methods are utilized for continuous position finding. This ensures very accurate and reliable position finding.

These methods are

1. Basic position finding
2. Map-based position finding
3. Global Positioning System (GPS) position finding

Manual entry of vehicle location

For a manual input of the vehicle location, it is possible to manually enter the location. This may be useful after the vehicle has been transported (e.g. ferry or train) if there was no GPS reception at the start of the journey.

Basic location finding

Basic position finding is the basic function of continuous position finding. It is carried out continuously by the navigation processor with "Circuit 15R ON" and is independent from the digital versatile disk (DVD) ROM map. After "Circuit 15R OFF" the current position is stored. The following information is calculated with the aid of basic position finding

1. Travel distance covered
2. Direction of travel (backwards or forwards)
3. Vehicle alignment

The basic position finding is performed approx. every 1 s

Distance traveled

The wheel rotation direction signal is determined by the left front RPM sensor (L6/1), right front RPM sensor (L6/2), left rear RPM sensor (L6/3) right rear RPM sensor (L6/4) and is read in discretely by the ESP control unit (N47-5). This message is sent on the Controller Area Network Bus class C (engine compartment) (CAN-C) and transmitted by the central gateway control unit (N93) to the Controller Area Network bus class B (interior) (CAN-B). As a result, the navigation processor detects the direction of travel (forward or reverse).

Direction of travel

The navigation processor receives the wheel speed signals from the ESP control unit as described above. Evaluation of the wheel speed signals results in the travel distance covered.

Vehicle orientation

From the yaw rate sensor (gyro sensor) data and the sequence of locations calculated with GPS the navigation processor calculates the alignment (compass direction) of the vehicle.

Errors with basic position finding

Rolling when the ignition is switched off or transport of the vehicle also distort the position finding. In both cases, this deviation is automatically corrected by the navigation processor on receipt of the GPS data.

Calibration

Wheel calibration is necessary following a tire change. To this end, it is necessary to enter the tire size, e.g. 225/60/16 and the coding as to whether new (depth of tread approx. 5 to 10 mm) or used tires (depth of tread approx. 3 to 5 mm) have been mounted. Entries are made using STAR DIAGNOSIS or directly on the COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3). A special calibration journey is not required.

Recalibration

The difference between the calculated mileage and actual mileage covered between 2 turning-off points is used to re-calibrate the tire circumference automatically.

GPS position finding

The GPS is a satellite-assisted positioning system that has been set up by the United States Department of Defense. It is free and available worldwide. The GPS satellites permanently transmit time and position data.

4 satellites are needed for the first position calculation, then 3 receivable satellites are sufficient. The GPS position finding is, in particular, for journeys outside the digitized map area and after transportation of the vehicle (e.g. train, ferry and towing) irreplaceable. Starting GPS position finding again (following interruption of the satellite reception) may take several minutes (for initial startup of the device up to 20 min).

The navigation processor calculates the location of the vehicle and the accuracy of positioning from the satellite signals received and amplified by the GPS antenna (A2/49a2).

The actual calculation is essentially based on the measurement of the runtimes of the signals transmitted synchronously by the various satellites. An important requirement here is the synchronicity of the clocks for the satellites and the receiver. To this end the receiver is equipped with an automatic time correction, which in turn is made possible with the aid of the satellite signals. If the navigation processor determines that the basic location finding is less accurate than the GPS location finding, the currently calculated position is corrected using the GPS data. Moreover, the route of the vehicle is determined from the sequence of locations calculated with GPS.

Every minute, approximately 50 GPS recalculations of the location take place

Possible interference when receiving GPS signals

Since GPS operates in the gigahertz (GHz) range (microwaves) and the signals are weak, reception interference can occur as the result of

1. Atmospheric interference, e.g. weather, water vapor, fog
2. Multi-path reception due to signal reflections, e.g. from building walls
3. Interruption of signal reception, e.g. in areas with superstructures and in the vicinity of tunnels, tall buildings, trees

GPS reception therefore necessitates a clear view of the sky. Positioning accuracy lies at approx. 10 m.

Map-based position finding

Map-based position finding is only available in the digitized area of the DVD ROM map. By comparing the calculated position of the vehicle with the DVD-ROM map, the deviation can be detected and automatically corrected.

Function

The position of the vehicle is continuously followed on the DVD ROM map by the navigation processor. In the event of deviations from the calculated routes in the course of the trip, the position coordinates of the basic position finding will be corrected if necessary.

Overview of digitized and non-digitized DVD-ROM map areas

Scheme 290

Destination-oriented navigation

Destination-oriented navigation includes making up and outputting driving recommendations to guide the driver to the desired destination. Destination-oriented navigation is contingent on

1. Continuous position finding is in operation.
2. The trip destination has been entered.
3. Route calculation done.

The navigation processor continuously compares the route calculation data with the location finding data and derives from this measures for further destination-oriented navigation.

Depending on the position of the vehicle, a differentiation is made between the following 2 modes of destination-oriented navigation

1. Destination-oriented navigation within the digitized DVD-ROM map area
2. Limited destination-oriented navigation outside the digitized DVD ROM map area

For trips within the digitized map area, the following information is available to the user

1. Current position and route of vehicle on digitized map (graphically displayed)
2. List of routes
3. Distance from the destination and likely time up to arrival
4. Travel direction recommendation
5. Travel direction arrow
6. Name of current road
7. Name of the next road into which the vehicle should turn
8. Distance to next turning-off point (stated in length units or as a bar graph)

The compass direction of north, south, east or west is given by a graphic display and voice output. The compass direction is displayed only in the case of numbered roads. No data and display of the compass direction is given in the case of roads designated by name (e.g. within towns).

There are 3 types of display available for the destination-oriented navigation

1. Map
2. Map and symbol presentation of the turn-off points
3. Symbol presentation (system of navigation symbols)

The scale of the map can be changed in stages. In addition to this a selection can be made as to whether the map is to be aligned in the direction of travel (Head-Up) or towards the North (North-Up).

The DVD type (with the latest fine geometry) is automatically detected and the graphic is displayed in an optimized 2nd set of line thicknesses.

The actual destination-oriented navigation is mainly supported by the voice output.

When traveling outside the digitized map area (e.g. company grounds, multi-level car parks, dirt roads, etc.), but still within the DVD-ROM map boundaries, the navigation processor switches over to "Destination-oriented navigation in non-digitized map area". The message "OFF ROAD" appears in the display of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit. If the vehicle is outside the DVD-ROM map boundaries (outside the country), the message "OFF MAP" appears..

In both cases, only the basic position finding continues to operate with correction using the GPS data. Restricted destination-oriented navigation is accomplished by indicating only the following information

1. Straight-line distance to the destination
2. Direction to destination (as an arrow)

When the message "OFF MAP" appears, complete destination-oriented navigation can be continued by inserting the proper DVD-ROM for the foreign country

After reentering the digitized map area, the system automatically continues with "Destination-oriented navigation in digitized map area".

The GPS position can be used to determine the possible roads, on which the vehicle may be located. During this process a slight delay in the destination-oriented navigation may result.

The time synchronization between the COMAND operating, display and controller unit and the instrument cluster (A1) must be performed on journeys in different "time zones" (time shift, time change)

Dynamic route guidance with code (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation)

The current traffic situation is taken into consideration in the dynamic route guidance. The incoming information on the traffic situation can be received by the radio data system/traffic message channel (RDS/TMC) function with the FM receiver in the audio gateway control unit. The information on the current traffic situation is sent out by a specially equipped broadcasting corporation on an area-related basis via FM. A suitable FM/RDS transmitter must be tuned in. The FM receiver receives the traffic reports from the left antenna amplifier module (A2/64) and passes them on to the traffic data recorder.

The traffic reports are stored in the traffic data recorder of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit and made available to the navigation processor.

The services of the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) are coded, i.e. a decoder is necessary for this reception (fee required, but better service), or uncoded (free of charge)

Since no communication is accomplished between the vehicle and broadcasting corporation with TMC messages, the traffic data recorder selects the traffic messages related to the route on which the vehicle is presently driving as well as the surrounding area.

Evaluation of traffic information with code (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation)

The traffic data recorder decodes the traffic information and forwards it internally to the navigation processor upon request. The navigation processor makes the decision whether the route should be changed. If necessary, a message that the route should be changed is output via the vehicle speaker. For synchronization tasks, the traffic data recorder requires an up-to-date "location list" from the navigation processor. In this list every stretch and every significant point (e.g. highway exit) on the recorded road network is identified by a unique number. This list is originally stored on the DVD-ROM. It is automatically loaded into the traffic data recorder as required (e.g. when DVD-ROM is changed). The traffic information stored in the traffic data memory is erased automatically after half an hour, max. 100 messages can be stored.

The decoded traffic messages are highlighted on the map by means of corresponding symbols. They can also be displayed as plain text. To do this, press the "TRAFFIC JAM" button

Traffic reports relevant to the route are, for example

1. Road blocked
2. Jam
3. Slow-moving traffic
4. Heavy traffic
5. Light traffic
6. Road works
7. Trouble-free traffic

In the "Navigation" menu, the list of traffic information can be called up by pressing the "TMC message displays" button

Position finding and destination-oriented navigation, function - GF82.61-P-2010TMA

MODEL 211.0/2 as of 1.6.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio

Determination of location is the calculation of the vehicle's current position. It is activated as soon as the driver door is opened or by switching on the ignition and is performed by the integrated navigation processor of the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56). During the switch-on phase (software is loaded), only the basic position finding is available. Once the ignition is switched off all important position finding parameters are stored during a run-on time of 30 minutes.

Position finding uses 3 methods, which mutually complement each other and therefore ensure very accurate and reliable position finding

These methods are

1. Basic position finding
2. Map-based position finding
3. Global Positioning System (GPS) position finding

Manual entry of vehicle location

It is possible to enter the location manually via the radio control panel and navigation unit. In the following instances this can be useful

1. following transport of the vehicle (e.g. by ferry or train)
2. If at the start of a journey GPS reception was not possible

Basic location finding

Basic position finding is the basic function of continuous position finding. It is carried out continuously by the navigation processor with "Circuit 15R ON" and is independent from the digital versatile disk (DVD) ROM map. After "Circuit 15R OFF" the current position is stored. The following information is calculated with the aid of basic position finding

1. Travel distance covered
2. Direction of travel (backwards or forwards)
3. Vehicle alignment

The basic position finding is performed approx. every 1 s

Distance traveled

The ESP control unit (N47-5) reads in the RPM signals of the following sensors and places these RPM signals on the Controller Area Network Bus class C (engine compartment) (CAN-C)

1. Left front RPM sensor (L6/1)
2. Right front RPM sensor (L6/2)
3. Left rear RPM sensor (L6/3)
4. Right rear RPM sensor (L6/4)

The central gateway control unit (N93) receives these RPM signals and transmits them to the Controller Area Network bus class B (interior) (CAN-B). The audio gateway control unit (N93/1) transmits them to the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST). As a result, the radio control panel and navigation unit, which is also a MOST participant, can calculate the distance traveled.

Direction of travel

The integrated navigation processor can detect the direction of travel (forward or reverse) through the signal for the wheel rotation direction, which is transmitted by the audio gateway control unit via the MOST to the radio control panel and navigation unit.

Vehicle orientation

From the yaw rate sensor (gyro sensor) data and the sequence of locations calculated with GPS the navigation processor calculates the alignment (compass direction) of the vehicle.

Errors with basic position finding

Rolling when the ignition is switched off or transport of the vehicle also distort the position finding. In both cases, this deviation is automatically corrected by the navigation processor on receipt of the GPS data.

Calibration

Wheel calibration is necessary following a tire change. To this end, it is necessary to enter the tire size, e.g. 225/060/016 and the coding as to whether new (depth of tread approx. 5 to 10 mm) or used tires (depth of tread approx. 3 to 5 mm) have been fitted. The values are input via STAR DIAGNOSIS or directly at the radio control panel and navigation unit. A special calibration journey is not required.

Recalibration

Because of the tire abrasion, a constant recalibration of the tire circumference is required. It is carried out automatically and uses the difference between the calculated and actually traveled distance between 2 turning points calculated with the aid of map-based position finding.

GPS position finding

The GPS is a satellite-assisted localizing system that has been set up by the American Ministry of Defense. It is free and available worldwide.

Various GPS satellites constantly transmit time and position data. 4 satellites are needed for the first position calculation, then 3 receivable satellites are sufficient. The GPS position finding is, in particular, for journeys outside the digitized map area and after transportation of the vehicle (e.g. train, ferry and towing) irreplaceable. A new GPS position (after interruption of the satellite reception) can take several minutes (up to 20 minutes when the equipment is commissioned).

The navigation processor calculates the location of the vehicle and the accuracy of positioning from the satellite signals received and amplified by the GPS antenna (A2/49a2).

The actual calculation is essentially based on the measurement of the runtimes of the signals transmitted synchronously by the various satellites. An important prerequisite for this is the synchronicity of the clocks, the satellites and the receiver. To this end the receiver is equipped with an automatic time correction, which in turn is made possible with the aid of the satellite signals.

If the navigation processor determines that the basic location finding is less accurate than the GPS location finding, the currently calculated position is corrected using the GPS data. Moreover, the route of the vehicle is determined from the sequence of locations calculated with GPS.

Every minute, approximately 50 GPS recalculations of the location take place

Possible interference when receiving GPS signals

As GPS operates in the giga hertz (GHz) range (microwaves) and the signals are weak, reception interference can occur as the result of the following events

1. Atmospheric interference, e.g. inclement weather, water vapor, fog
2. Multi-path reception due to signal reflections, e.g. from building walls
3. Signal shadowing, e.g. in built-up areas and in tunnels, by high buildings, by trees

GPS reception therefore necessitates a clear view of the sky. Positioning accuracy lies at approx. 10 m.

Map-based position finding

Map-based position finding is only available in the digitized area of the CD-ROM map. By comparing the calculated position of the vehicle with the CD-ROM map, the deviation can be detected and automatically corrected.

Function

The navigation processor constantly tracks the vehicle's position on the CD-ROM map.

In the event of deviations from the calculated routes in the course of the trip, the position coordinates of the basic position finding will be corrected if necessary.

Route calculation

After input of the destination via the radio control panel and navigation unit, the route is calculated and continuously updated by the navigation processor. It can only be calculated within the digitized map area. The calculated route is a precondition for destination-oriented navigation.

The navigation processor calculates the route with the aid of the map data, the destination entered, and the current position. For the calculation it takes into account roads and their attributes read from the map, such as one-way streets, turn prohibitions, road classes, etc. (where available).

Here, it is possible for the user to indicate how the route should be calculated

1. Quickest route
2. Shortest route
3. Dynamic route

Furthermore, certain route sections can be avoided when making the selection.

Under "Own selection", the following stretches can be excluded from the route calculation

1. Highway
2. Ferry
3. Toll road
4. Tunnel
5. Car loading

After calculating the route, the navigation processor creates a list of roads to travel on and turns to take as well as the time it takes to reach the destination. This list of routes is drawn on for destination-oriented navigation. It may also be displayed by calling up the "Route information" menu.

Trips outside the digitized map area

If the vehicle leaves the digitized map area (e.g. driving in a multilevel car park), then no route can be calculated or updated. "OFF ROAD" appears on the display of the radio control panel and navigation unit. Upon leaving the map area (e.g. foreign country), the message "OFF MAP" appears. Destinations that lie outside the digitized map area cannot be incorporated into the route calculation.

Overview of digitized and non-digitized CD-ROM map areas

Scheme 291

Destination-oriented navigation

Destination-oriented navigation includes making up and outputting driving recommendations to guide the driver to the desired destination. Destination-oriented navigation is contingent on

1. Continuous position finding is in operation.
2. The trip destination has been entered.
3. Route calculation done.

The navigation processor continuously compares the route calculation data with the location finding data and derives from this measures for further destination-oriented navigation.

Depending on the position of the vehicle, a differentiation is made between the following 2 modes of destination-oriented navigation

1. Destination-oriented navigation within the digitized CD-ROM map area
2. Restricted destination-oriented navigation outside the digitized CD-ROM map area

For trips within the digitized map area, the following information is available to the user

1. Current position and route of vehicle on digitized map (graphically displayed)
2. List of routes
3. Distance from the destination and likely time up to arrival
4. Travel direction recommendation
5. Travel direction arrow
6. Name of current road
7. Name of the next road into which the vehicle should turn
8. Distance to next turning-off point (stated in length units or as a bar graph)

The compass direction of north, south, east or west is given by a graphic display and voice output. The compass direction is displayed only in the case of numbered roads. No data and display of the compass direction is given in the case of roads designated by name (e.g. within towns).

There are 3 types of display available for the destination-oriented navigation

1. Map
2. Map and symbol presentation of the turn-off points
3. Symbol presentation (system of navigation symbols)

The scale of the map can be changed in stages. It is also possible to choose whether the map should be aligned in the direction of travel or Northwards.

The CD type (with the latest fine geometry) is automatically detected and the graphic is displayed in an optimized second set of line thicknesses.

The actual destination-oriented navigation is mainly supported by the voice output.

When traveling outside the digitized map area (e.g. company grounds, multi-level car parks, dirt roads) but still within the CD-ROM map boundaries, the navigation processor switches over to "Destination-oriented navigation in non-digitized map area". The message "OFF ROAD" appears on the display of the radio control panel and navigation unit. The message "OFF MAP" is displayed if the vehicle is outside of the CD-ROM map boundaries (outside the country).

In both cases, only the basic position finding continues to operate with correction using the GPS data. Limited destination-oriented navigation is accomplished by indicating only the information

1. Straight-line distance to the destination
2. Direction to destination (as an arrow)

After reentering the digitized map area, the system automatically continues with "Destination-oriented navigation in digitized map area".

The GPS position can be used to determine the possible roads, on which the vehicle may be located. During this process a slight delay in the destination-oriented navigation may result.

When the message "OFF MAP" appears, complete destination-oriented navigation can be continued by inserting the proper CD-ROM for the foreign country

The time synchronization between the radio control panel and navigation unit and the instrument cluster (A1) must be performed on journeys in different "time zones" (time shift, time change)

Dynamic route guidance

The current traffic situation is taken into consideration in the dynamic route guidance. The incoming information on the traffic situation can be received by the radio data system/traffic message channel (RDS/TMC) function with the FM receiver in the audio gateway control unit. The information on the current traffic situation is sent out by a specially equipped broadcasting corporation on an area-related basis via FM. A suitable FM/RDS transmitter must be tuned in. The FM receiver receives the traffic reports from the left antenna amplifier module (A2/64) and passes them on to the traffic data recorder.

The traffic reports are stored in the traffic data recorder of the radio control panel and navigation unit and made available to the navigation processor.

The services of the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) are coded, i.e. a decoder is necessary for reception (fee required, but better service), or uncoded (free of charge)

Since no communication is accomplished between the vehicle and broadcasting corporation with TMC messages, the traffic data recorder selects the traffic messages related to the route on which the vehicle is presently driving as well as the surrounding area.

Traffic information analysis

The traffic data recorder decodes the traffic information and forwards it internally to the navigation processor upon request. The navigation processor makes the decision whether the route should be changed. If necessary, a message that the route should be changed is output via the vehicle speaker. For synchronization tasks, the traffic data recorder requires an up-to-date "location list" from the navigation processor. In this list every stretch and every significant point (e.g. highway exit) on the recorded road network is identified by a unique number. This list is originally stored on the CD-ROM.

It is automatically loaded into the traffic data memory as required (e.g. when CD-ROM is changed). The traffic information stored in the traffic data memory is erased automatically after half an hour, max. 100 messages can be stored.

The decoded traffic messages are highlighted on the map by means of corresponding symbols. They can also be displayed as plain text. To do this, press the "TRAFFIC JAM" button

Traffic reports relevant to the route are, for example

1. Road blocked
2. Jam
3. Slow-moving traffic
4. Heavy traffic
5. Light traffic
6. Road works
7. Trouble-free traffic

In the "Navigation" menu, the list of traffic information can be called up by pressing the "TMC message displays" button

Position finding and destination-oriented navigation, function - GF82.61-P-2010TXB

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (512) COMAND APS with DVD changer with CODE (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation) except CODE (494) USA version except CODE (498) Japan version as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (512) COMAND APS with DVD changer with CODE (528) COMAND with DVD changer with CODE (494) USA version as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

General information

The position finding and destination-oriented navigation function is divided into the following subareas

1. General Global Positioning System (GPS) position finding
2. GPS position finding function sequence
3. General information on basic position finding
4. Basic position finding function sequence
5. Recalibration
6. General information on route calculation
7. Destination-oriented navigation function sequence through voice output
8. General information concerning dynamic route guidance, except code 494 USA version
9. Function sequence for dynamic route guidance, except code 494 USA version
10. Destination-oriented navigation through driving lane recommendations
11. Map function

Function requirements

1. Status "Circuit 30 ON"
2. The COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3) is operating fault-free

General information concerning GPS position finding

The GPS is a satellite-based positioning system. It is available worldwide. The GPS satellites permanently transmit time and position data (longitude and latitude).

GPS position finding is irretrievable after vehicle transport (e.g. by train or ferry or after towing). A new GPS position (after interruption of the satellite reception) can take several minutes (up to 20 minutes when the equipment is commissioned). The accuracy of the position finding and the actual calculation is essentially based on the measurement of the runtimes of the signals transmitted synchronously by the various satellites. A vital precondition is the synchronicity of the clocks in the satellites and in the receiver. To this end the receiver is equipped with an automatic time correction, which in turn is made possible with the aid of the satellite signals.

GPS position finding function requirements

1. No error in GPS antenna system

Function sequence for GPS position finding

The GPS signals are received by the GPS receiver integrated in the COMAND operating, display and controller unit via the following path

1. GPS antenna (A2/49a2)
2. Direct line
3. GPS antenna splitter (A2/5), with code 359 TELE AID emergency call system, and direct line

The GPS signals are used by the COMAND operating, display and controller unit to calculate the momentary position of the vehicle. In addition, the vehicle's direction of travel is determined with the aid of the sequence of the locations calculated with GPS.

Possible interference in reception of GPS signals

Since GPS operates in the giga hertz (GHz) range (microwaves) and the signals are weak, reception interference can occur as a result of the following events

1. Atmospheric interference, e.g. inclement weather, water vapor, fog

1. Multi-path reception due to signal reflections, e.g. from building walls
2. Signal blocking, e.g. in built-over areas and in tunnels, through high-rise buildings, trees

General information concerning basic position finding

Basic position finding runs parallel to GPS position finding. The COMAND operating, display and controller unit requires the following information for basic position finding

1. Wheel speed signals
2. Distance traveled data
3. Vehicle alignment (cardinal points)
4. Data for direction of travel (forward or reverse)

Basic position finding function requirements

1. Proper communication with ESP control unit (N47-5)

Basic position finding function sequence

For basic position finding the COMAND operating, display and controller unit requires signals from the following components

1. Left front RPM sensor (L6/1), right front RPM sensor (L6/2), left rear RPM sensor (L6/3), right rear RPM sensor (L6/4) for measuring wheel speed signals
2. ESP control unit
3. Turn rate sensor (gyro sensor), integrated into the COMAND operating, display and controller unit for determining the vehicle alignment (direction)
4. Central gateway control unit (N93), for capturing data on direction of travel

The COMAND operating, display and controller unit receives the wheel speed signals from the listed RPM sensors in the following way

1. Direct line
2. ESP control unit
3. Controller Area Network bus Class C (engine compartment) (CAN-C)

1. Central gateway control unit (N93)
2. Controller area network bus, class B (interior compartment) (CAN B)

The data in the turn rate sensor (gyro sensor) integrated into the COMAND operating, display and controller unit is forwarded within the COMAND operating, display and controller unit.

The data about the direction of travel (forward or backward) is received by the COMAND operating, display and controller unit in the following way

1. Central gateway control unit
2. CAN-B

After this, the COMAND operating, display and controller unit uses the distance traveled, the vehicle alignment and direction of travel as well as the previous location to calculate the instantaneous vehicle position (longitude and latitude).

The steering angle signal is read in from the steering column tube module (N80)

and relayed via CAN-C to the central gateway control unit and via CAN-B to the COMAND operating, display and controller unit.

The basic position finding calculation is carried out approx. once per second

Locating error during position finding

Basic position finding is falsified when a vehicle rolls backwards with "circuit 15 OFF" (ignition switched off) or if it is transported somewhere. In both cases, the deviation is corrected automatically by the navigation processor integrated into the COMAND operating, display and controller unit.

Recalibration

Because of the tire abrasion, a constant recalibration of the tire circumference is required. It is carried out automatically and uses the difference between the calculated and actually traveled distance between 2 turning points calculated with the aid of map-based position finding.

General information on route calculation

The following stretches can be removed from the route calculation under "Navi"

1. Freeways, except code 494 USA version
2. Freeways, with code 494 USA version
3. Ferries
4. Tunnels

For vehicles except code 494 USA version, additional stretches can be excluded from the route calculation

1. Toll road
2. Roads requiring toll stickers
3. Car trains

Route calculation is accomplished using the options set to the best possible extent. If observance of the options is not possible, then the options set are ignored for the sections in question and a message is displayed and signaled audibly.

The set criteria and options can be displayed and changed at any time. After successful calculation, the route is displayed on the map and the information is relayed acoustically - "Route calculated".

Function sequence for destination-oriented navigation through voice output

The integrated navigation processor continuously compares the route calculation data with the position finding data and uses the data to deduce measures for further destination-oriented navigation. The voice output for destination-oriented navigation is sent directly (without code 810 Sound system) or via the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) and the sound system amplifier (N40/3) (with code 810 Sound system) to the following speakers

1. Left front door speaker group (H4/1)
2. Right front door speaker group (H4/2)
3. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill) (H4/27)

The signals for visually displaying navigation (map navigation) are generated by the COMAND operating, display and controller unit and shown on the display on the COMAND operating, display and controller unit as well as in the instrument cluster (A1) in the form of arrow pictographs.

General information concerning dynamic route guidance, except code 494 USA version

The current traffic situation is taken into consideration in the dynamic route guidance. The incoming information concerning the traffic situation can be received by the radio data system (RDS)/Traffic Message Channel (TMC) function via frequency modulation (FM) radio. Information on the current traffic situation is broadcast regionally by specially equipped radio stations via ultra-short wave (FM). A suitable FM/RDS transmitter must be tuned in. The traffic data recorder decodes the traffic information and forwards it internally to the navigation processor upon request. The navigation processor makes the decision whether the route should be changed.

If necessary, a message that the route should be changed is output via the vehicle speaker.

Function sequence for dynamic route guidance, except code 494 USA version

The FM receiver in the COMAND operating, display and controller unit receives the traffic messages from

1. the left antenna amplifier module (A2/64) (model 211.0, model 219) or
2. the left antenna amplifier module and the right antenna amplifier module (A2/65) (model 211.2)

and relays them to the traffic data recorder in the COMAND operating, display and controller unit. The traffic reports are stored in the traffic data recorder of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit and made available to the integrated navigation processor. The voice output to the dynamic route guidance is sent to the speakers directly, without Code 810 Sound system, or via the sound system amplifier control unit, with code 810 Sound system.

Destination-oriented navigation through driving lane recommendations

For certain turnoff situations on multiple-lane exit points (e.g. freeway intersections), driving lane recommendations are shown in the bottom line.

Along with a turnoff recommendation, the distance to the actual turnoff point is also displayed by means of a bar graph. The lanes have arrows assigned to them, which indicate on which lane the destination can be reached or the best way to reach it.

The following colors apply for representation on the display of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit

Midnight blue: The best or recommended lane.

Light blue: The lane is correct, but a lane change will soon be required.

The instrument cluster only displays the midnight blue arrows

Map function

The map display is always controlled by the COMAND operating, display and controller unit.

Gray: This lane will not take you to the destination.

Position finding and destination-oriented navigation, function - GF82.61-P-2010TXC

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (511) Audio 50 APS with DVD changer with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

General information

The position finding and destination-oriented navigation function is divided into the following subareas

1. General information concerning global positioning system (GPS) position finding
2. GPS position finding, function
3. General information concerning basic position finding
4. Basic position finding, function
5. Recalibration
6. General information on route calculation
7. Destination-oriented navigation through voice output, function
8. General information on dynamic route guidance
9. Dynamic route guidance, function

Function requirements

1. "Circuit 30 ON" status.
2. The Auto pilot system (APS) is working correctly.
3. No errors in the GPS antenna system.
4. Signals are available from at least 3 GPS satellites.
5. Communication with the ESP control unit (N47-5) is free of faults.
6. The trip destination has been entered.
7. Route calculation done.

General information on GPS position finding

The GPS is a satellite-based positioning system. It is available worldwide. The GPS satellites permanently transmit time and position data (longitude and latitude). GPS position finding is irretrievable after vehicle transport (e.g. by train or ferry or after towing). A new GPS position (after interruption of the satellite reception) can take several minutes (up to 20 minutes when the equipment is commissioned).

The accuracy of the position finding and the actual calculation is essentially based on the measurement of the runtimes of the signals transmitted synchronously by the various satellites. An important prerequisite is the synchronicity of the clocks of the satellites and the receiver. To this end the receiver is equipped with an automatic time correction, which in turn is made possible with the aid of the satellite signals.

Function sequence for GPS position finding

The GPS signals are received by the GPS receiver, which is integrated into the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56), directly by the GPS antenna (A2/49a2). The GPS signals are used by the radio control panel and navigation unit to calculate the current vehicle position (receiver). In addition, the vehicle's direction of travel is determined with the aid of the sequence of the locations calculated with GPS.

Possible problems in GPS signal reception

Since GPS operates in the giga hertz (GHz) range (microwaves) and the signals are weak, reception interference can occur as a result of the following events

1. Atmospheric interference, e.g. inclement weather, water vapor, fog
2. Multi-path reception due to signal reflections, e.g. from building walls
3. Signal blocking, e.g. in built-over areas and in tunnels, through high-rise buildings, trees

General information on basic position finding

Basic position finding runs parallel to GPS position finding. The radio control panel and navigation unit requires the following data for basic position finding

1. Wheel speed signals
2. Distance traveled data
3. Vehicle alignment (cardinal points)
4. Direction of travel data (forwards or backwards)

Basic position finding function sequence

The radio control panel and navigation unit requires signals from the listed components for basic position finding

1. Left front RPM sensor (L6/1), right front RPM sensor (L6/2), left rear RPM sensor (L6/3), right rear RPM sensor (L6/4), for recording the wheel speed signals in the ESP control unit
2. The turn rate sensor (gyro sensor), integrated into the radio control panel and navigation unit, to determine the vehicle alignment (cardinal points)
3. ESP control unit, for recording data on the direction of travel

The radio control panel and navigation unit receives the wheel speed signals from the listed RPM sensors via the following path

1. Direct line
2. ESP control unit
3. Controller Area Network bus Class C (engine compartment) (CAN-C)
4. Central gateway control unit (N93)
5. Controller area network bus, class B (interior compartment) (CAN B)

The data of the turn rate sensor (gyro sensor) integrated into the radio control panel and navigation unit is internally forwarded in the radio control panel and navigation unit.

The data about the direction of travel (forwards or backwards) is received by the radio control panel and navigation unit via the following path

1. Direct line
2. ESP control unit
3. CAN-C
4. Central gateway control unit
5. CAN-B

The basic position finding calculation is carried out approx. once per second

Error during position finding

Backward roll with "circuit 15 OFF" (ignition switched off), any transport of the vehicle as well as driving in multi-level car parks or underground garages with circular entrances or exits can falsify the basic position finding. In such an event, the deviation is then automatically corrected by the navigation processor integrated into the radio control panel and navigation unit.

After this the radio control panel and navigation unit uses the distance traveled, the vehicle alignment and the direction of travel to calculate the current vehicle position (degree of longitude and degree of latitude).

The radio control panel and navigation unit receives the steering angle signal from the steering angle sensor (N49) via the following path

1. Steering column tube module (N80)
2. CAN-C
3. Central gateway control unit
4. CAN-B

Recalibration

Because of the tire abrasion, a constant recalibration of the tire circumference is required. It is carried out automatically and uses the difference between the calculated and actually traveled distance between 2 turning points calculated with the aid of map-based position finding.

General information on route calculation

Under "Own selection", the following stretches can be excluded from the route calculation

1. Freeway
2. Toll road
3. Roads requiring toll stickers
4. Ferries and vehicle transport
5. Tunnels

Route calculation is accomplished using the options set to the best possible extent. If observance of the options is not possible, then the options set are ignored for the sections in question and a message is displayed and signaled audibly. The set criteria and options can be displayed and changed at any time. After a successful calculation, the route is displayed by arrow pictograms and there is an acoustic information output stating "the route is calculated".

Function sequence for destination-oriented navigation through voice output

The integrated navigation processor continuously compares the route calculation data with the position finding data and uses the data to deduce measures for further destination-oriented navigation. The voice output for destination-oriented navigation is sent to the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) and then amplified in the amplifier for sound system (N40/3), with code 810 Sound system.

The audio signals reach the following speakers via direct lines

1. Left front door speaker group (H4/1)
2. Right front door speaker group (H4/2)
3. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill) (H4/27)

On vehicles without code (810) Sound system, the voice output is performed via the radio control panel and navigation unit using direct lines to the speakers

General information on dynamic route guidance

The current traffic situation is taken into consideration in the dynamic route guidance. The incoming information concerning the traffic situation can be received by the radio data system/Traffic Message Channel (RDS/TMC) function via ultra-short wave (FM). The information on the current traffic situation is emitted by a specially equipped broadcasting corporation on an area-related basis via FM. A suitable FM/RDS transmitter must be tuned in. The traffic data recorder decodes the traffic information and forwards it internally to the navigation processor upon request. The navigation processor makes the decision whether the route should be changed.

Function sequence for dynamic route guidance

The FM receiver of the radio control panel and navigation unit receives the traffic messages from the left antenna amplifier module (A2/64) and the right antenna amplifier module (A2/65) (model 211.2 only) and relays it to the traffic data recorder in the radio control panel and navigation unit.

The traffic messages are stored in the traffic data recorder of the radio control panel and navigation unit and made available to the integrated navigation processor. The voice output for dynamic route guidance is sent to the MOST and then amplified in the sound system amplifier control unit, with code 810 Sound system. The audio signals reach the following speakers via direct lines

1. Left front door speaker group (H4/1)
2. Right front door speaker group (H4/2)
3. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill) (H4/27)

Route guidance through voice output, function - GF82.61-P-2011TJA

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation) with CODE (498) Japan version as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

General

The route guidance through voice output function is a comfort function that assists the driver during a journey without diverting his/her attention from the traffic. The destination-oriented navigation of the navigation system is primarily supported by voice outputs with the following information

1. Route summary (following route calculation, a route summary is output)
2. Warning at freeway approach roads
3. Turning recommendations
4. Junction names
5. Corners
6. Railroad crossings

The voice output of the navigation system features the following languages

1. Japanese
2. English

The following messages are also issued during route guidance through voice output

1. Destination, intermediate destination or stopover reached
2. Influence of route by traffic information
3. Start of route calculation

In the following instances a special instruction is issued during voice output

1. Destination in area with restricted traffic access
2. Route via ferry
3. Route via toll road

Function requirements

1. Status "Circuit 30 ON" or "Circuit 15R ON"
2. COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3) activated via "ON" button
3. Current navigation data loaded

Function sequence

The voice data is originally stored on the navigation DVD as individual word segments. This data record is automatically transmitted from the DVD to the navigation processor (with hard disk) in the COMAND operating, display and controller unit, where it is stored.

If required, the voice output signals are forwarded over the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) to the sound system amplifier (N40/3) (with code 810 Sound system), amplified and output on the following speakers via direct lines

1. Left front door speaker group (H4/1)
2. Right front door speaker group (H4/2)
3. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill) (H4/27)

In vehicles except code 810 Sound system, signals are amplified in the COMAND operating, display and controller unit and output at the speakers via direct lines

When voice output is active the announcement volume can be adjusted using the following components

1. Using the volume control on the COMAND operating, display and controller unit
2. With the + and, for setting specific functions and volume control (S111s1) in the right multifunction steering wheel button group (S111)

Route guidance via voice output, function - GF82.61-P-2011TM

MODEL 211.0/2 as of 1.6.06 with CODE (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation)

MODEL 211.0/2 as of 1.7.06 with CODE (530) COMAND APS USA (with navigation system)

"Route guidance" function

After inputting the destination on the COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3), the route is calculated and constantly updated by the navigation processor (N41/1). It can only be calculated within the digitized map area. The calculated route is a precondition for destination-oriented navigation.

The navigation processor calculates the route using the digital versatile disk (DVD) map data, the input destination, and the current position of the vehicle. During calculation it takes the roads and their attributes on the DVD map into consideration. These include, e.g. one-way roads, turn-off prohibitions, road classes, etc. (where given). Here, it is possible for the user to indicate how the route should be calculated

1. Fastest route
2. Shortest route
3. Dynamic route, with code (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation)
4. Separate selection

For vehicles with code (530) COMAND APS USA (with navigation system)

Under "Own selection", the following stretches can be blocked from the route calculation

1. Highway
2. Ferry
3. Toll road
4. Tunnel

Toll roads are color coded on the map

Following the calculation of the route, the navigation processor generates a list of roads and junctions to be driven along. This route list can be referred to for destination-oriented navigation by calling up the "Info" menu.

Route updating

When the driver deviates from the calculated route, a new route list is calculated by the navigation processor. When doing so, the current position and the direction of travel are taken into consideration. A "New Route" message is shown on the color liquid crystal display (LCD) of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit and the instrument cluster (A1) displays "NEW RTE".

Trips outside the digitized map area

If the vehicle leaves the digitized DVD map area (e.g. driving into a multilevel car park), then no route can be calculated or updated. "OFF ROAD" appears on the LCD display of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit. Upon leaving the map boundary (e.g. foreign country), the message "OFF MAP" appears. Destinations that lie outside the digitized map area cannot be incorporated into the route calculation.

Bypassing traffic jams by means of the "Bypass traffic jam" function

After a traffic jam is reported on traffic radio and before reaching the affected section, a route can be calculated for driving around the traffic jam. To do this, the user must press the "Traffic jam" button and enter the following data

1. The length of the traffic jam, including the distance to the start of the traffic jam
2. The corresponding stretch should be blocked within the detailed list of routes.

"Voice output" function

The destination-oriented navigation of the navigation system (based on DVD data basis) is supported by the following voice outputs

1. Directional instructions
2. Name of the next road to turn into

The voice data, which are originally stored in the navigation DVD as individual word segments, are automatically sent to the navigation processor and filed there.

The COMAND operating, display and controller unit is equipped with the following languages

1. English
2. British English, with code (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation)
3. US English, with code (530) COMAND APS USA (with navigation system)
4. French
5. Spanish
6. Italian
7. Dutch
8. Danish
9. Swedish
10. Portuguese
11. Turkish

Several route recommendations in quick succession are combined to form a single voice output

The navigation processor combines the word segments into full instructions or information and generates appropriate low-frequency (LF) signals. If necessary, the LF signals generated in this way can be sent via the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) to the COMAND operating, display and controller unit or to the audio gateway control unit (N93/1), where they are then amplified and emitted over the vehicle speakers. The tone settings can be selected using the "System settings" menu.

A language takes some seconds to load and changes both the voice output and the menu texts on the LCD color display of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit. Voice loading takes place again automatically after a power disconnection

While a language is loaded from the navigation DVD, it is necessary to avoid severe physical shocks. Otherwise voice output may be given in fragments. In such an instance the language should be loaded again

Superimposition of voice output and an audio source.

When voice output is active simultaneously with an audio source (e.g. CD, radio tuner), the two signal sources are superimposed.

Volume of voice output

The voice output volume can be adjusted during voice output. A definable difference (can be modified in "Settings" menu) is maintained between the volume of the current audio source and the voice output volume.

Voice output mute circuit

The navigation voice output can be muted during voice output by pressing the mute button (button marked with struck-out speaker). Muting is only valid for the current voice output. When navigation voice output and an audio source (e.g. CD, radio tuner) are simultaneously active, the navigation voice output is switched to mute when the mute button is pressed for the 1st time and the complete playback is switched to mute when the mute button is pressed a 2nd time.

Notes with voice output

Voice output takes place when the system recommends turns and when turning into a numbered street. A special note is given during voice output for the following areas

1. Destination lies in area where driving is not possible
2. Destination lies in area where driving is only possible to a limited extent
3. Route via ferry
4. Route via toll road

Further voice outputs take place at the start of the route calculation, when an intermediate destination has been reached, or when the destination has been reached.

Route guidance via voice output, function - GF82.61-P-2011TMA

MODEL 211.0/2 as of 1.6.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio

"Voice output" function

The destination-oriented navigation of the navigation system is primarily supported by voice outputs with the following information

1. Directional instructions
2. Name of the next road to turn into

The voice data originally stored on the navigation DVD as individual word segments, are automatically transmitted into the navigation processor (N41/1) where they are stored.

The voice output of the navigation system features the following languages

1. English
2. English
3. French
4. Spanish
5. Italian
6. Dutch
7. Danish
8. Swedish
9. Portuguese
10. Turkish

Several driving recommendations in quick succession are combined into a single voice output

The navigation processor combines the word segments into full instructions or information and generates appropriate low-frequency (LF) signals.

If necessary, the NF [LF] signals thus generated are forwarded via Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) to the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) or to the audio gateway control unit (N93/1) where they are amplified and output via the vehicle speakers.

A language takes a few seconds to load and changes both the voice output and the menu texts on the LCD color display of the radio control panel and navigation unit. Voice loading takes place again automatically after a power disconnection

While a language is being loaded from the navigation CD, extreme vibrations are to be avoided. Otherwise voice output may be given in fragments. In such an instance the language should be loaded again

Superimposition of voice output and an audio source.

When voice output is active simultaneously with an audio source (e.g. CD, radio tuner), the two signal sources are superimposed.

Volume of voice output

The voice output volume can be adjusted during voice output. A definable difference (can be modified in "Settings" menu) is maintained between the volume of the current audio source and the voice output volume.

Voice output mute circuit

The navigation voice output can be muted during voice output by pressing the mute button (button marked with struck-out speaker). Muting is only valid for the current voice output.

When navigation voice output and an audio source (e.g. CD, radio tuner) are simultaneously active, the navigation voice output is switched to mute when the mute button is pressed for the 1st time and the complete playback is switched to mute when the mute button is pressed a 2nd time.

Notes with voice output

Voice output takes place when the system recommends turns and when turning into a numbered street. A special note is given during voice output for certain areas

These areas are

1. Destination lies in area where driving is not possible
2. Destination lies in area where driving is only possible to a limited extent
3. Route via ferry
4. Route via toll road

Further voice outputs take place at the start of the route calculation, when an intermediate destination has been reached, or when the destination has been reached.

Route guidance through voice output, function - GF82.61-P-2011TXB

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (512) COMAND APS with DVD changer with CODE (527) COMAND APS with single DVD drive (with navigation) except CODE (494) USA version except CODE (498) Japan version as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (512) COMAND APS with DVD changer with CODE (528) COMAND with DVD changer with CODE (494) USA version as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

General information

The route guidance through voice output function is an assistance function that assists the driver without distracting him from the traffic. The destination-oriented navigation of the navigation system is supported by voice outputs with the following information

1. Direction information
2. Name of road onto which the next turnoff should be made

The following languages are available for voice output, except code 830 China version

1. German
2. English (UK and USA)
3. French
4. Spanish
5. Italian

And the following languages are also available for vehicles except code 494 USA version

1. Dutch
2. Danish
3. Swedish
4. Portuguese
5. Turkish
6. Russian
7. Chinese

Further voice outputs take place at the start of the route calculation, when an intermediate destination has been reached, or when the destination has been reached. On vehicles, except code 494 USA version, for dynamic route guidance additional voice messages are issued in response to route influences by traffic messages.

When voice output is active the announcement volume can be adjusted using the following components

1. Using the volume control on the COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3)
2. With the + and - buttons for setting specific functions and volume control (S111s1) in the right multifunction steering wheel button group (S111)

Function requirements

1. Status "Circuit 30 ON"
2. System Cockpit Management System and Data System (COMAND) operating properly
3. Up-to-date navigation data available
4. Vehicle is underway and destination-oriented navigation is active

Function sequence for route guidance through voice outputs

The navigation processor of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit links word segments during voice output to form complete instructions or information and generates speech signals. The voice signals are sent directly (without code 810 Sound system) or via the sound system amplifier (N40/3) (with code 810 Sound system) to the following speakers

1. Left front door speaker group (H4/1)
2. Right front door speaker group (H4/2)
3. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill) (H4/27)

Route guidance through voice output, function - GF82.61-P-2011TXC

MODEL 211, 219 with CODE (511) Audio 50 APS with DVD changer with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio as of Model Year 9/AEJ 07

General

The route guidance through voice output function is an assistance function that assists the driver without distracting him from the traffic. The destination-oriented navigation of the navigation system is primarily supported by voice outputs with the following information

1. Direction information
2. Name of road onto which the next turnoff should be made

The voice output of the navigation system features the following languages

1. German
2. English
3. French
4. Spanish
5. Portuguese
6. Italian
7. Dutch
8. Swedish
9. Danish
10. Russian
11. Turkish

Additional voice messages are emitted at the start of the route calculation, when an intermediate stop is reached or when the destination is reached.

Operating instructions

The radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) is operated using the following components

1. Using the radio control panel and navigation unit buttons

1. Using the left multifunction steering wheel button group (S110) and the right multifunction steering wheel button group (S111)

When voice output is active the announcement volume can be adjusted using the following components

1. Using the volume control on the radio control panel and navigation unit
2. Button + and -, adjustment of specific functions and volume control (S111s1)

The audio output volume is dynamically aligned with the noise level inside the vehicle (speed-dependent volume control (SDV [GAL]))

A special note is given during voice output in the following cases

1. Destination in area not accessible by car
2. Destination in area with restricted traffic access
3. Route via ferry
4. Route via toll road

Function requirements

1. Status "Circuit 30 ON" or "Circuit 15R ON"
2. The Auto pilot system (APS) is working correctly
3. Up-to-date navigation data available
4. Vehicle is underway and destination-oriented navigation is active

Function sequence

The radio control panel and navigation unit combines the word segments into complete instructions or information by means of the integrated navigation processor during a voice output and generates low frequency (LF) signals. If required, the low frequency signals are forwarded via the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) to the amplifier for sound system (N40/3), with code 810 Sound system, where they are then amplified.

The low frequency signals are sent from the amplifier for sound system to the following speakers via direct lines

1. Left front door speaker group (H4/1)
2. Right front door speaker group (H4/2)
3. Center cockpit speaker (centerfill) (H4/27)

On vehicles without code (810) Sound system, the voice output is performed via the radio control panel and navigation unit using direct lines to the speakers

Basic position finding, function - GF82.61-P-3006T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio with CODE (527) COMAND APS (with navigation)

Shown on MODEL 211.0

The navigation processor for the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56), with code (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio, is integrated into the operating unit. With the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3), with code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation), the external navigation module is referred to as a navigation processor (N41/1)

Function diagram on example of COMAND system, code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation)

Basic position finding is the basic function of continuous position finding. It is carried out continuously by the navigation processor (N41/1) with "Circuit 15R ON" and is independent of the CD-ROM map. After "Circuit 15R OFF" the current position is stored. The following information is calculated with the aid of basic position finding

1. Travel distance covered
2. Direction of travel (backwards or forwards)
3. Vehicle alignment

Distance traveled

Through the wheel direction of rotation signal, which is determined by the left front RPM sensor (L6/1), right front RPM sensor (L6/2), left rear RPM sensor (L6/3) and right rear RPM sensor (L6/4) and is read in discretely by the ESP control unit (N47-5). This message is transmitted to the CAN engine compartment (CAN-C) and transferred from the central gateway control unit (N93) on the CAN interior (CAN-B). As a result, the navigation processor (N41/1) detects the direction of travel (forward or reverse).

Direction of travel

The navigation processor (N41/1) receives the wheel speed signals from the ESP control unit (N47-5) as described above. Evaluation of the wheel speed signals results in the travel distance covered.

The basic position finding is performed approx. every 1 s

Vehicle orientation

From the data of the yaw rate sensor (gyro sensor) and the sequence of the locations calculated using GPS, the navigation processor (N41/1) calculates the orientation (compass direction) of the vehicle. The difference between the calculated and actual distance traveled between two turns is used for the automatic recalibration of the tire circumference.

Errors with basic position finding

Rolling with the ignition switched off or transport of the vehicle also make the position finding result erroneous. In both cases, this deviation is automatically corrected by the navigation processor (N41/1) on receipt of GPS data.

Calibration

Wheel calibration is necessary following a tire change. To this end, it is necessary to enter the tire size, e.g. 225/060/016 and the coding as to whether new (depth of tread approx. 5 to 10 mm) or used tires (depth of tread approx. 3 to 5 mm) have been fitted. Entries are made using STAR DIAGNOSIS or directly on the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3). A special calibration journey is not required.

Basic position finding, function - GF82.61-P-3006TU

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 30.6.06 with CODE (528) HIGH Class USA

Shown on model 211.0

With code (527) navigation module for COMAND and code (528) HIGH Class USA the external navigation module is designated navigation processor (N41/1)

Basic position finding is the basic function of continuous position finding. It is carried out constantly by the navigation processor (N41/1) with "circuit 15 ON" and is independent of the DVD map. The current position is stored after "circuit 15 OFF".

The following information is calculated with the aid of basic position finding

1. Travel distance covered
2. Direction of travel (backwards or forwards)
3. Vehicle alignment

Basic position finding is performed every 1 s

Direction of travel

Through the wheel rotation direction signal which is transmitted by the ESP control unit (N47-5) and transmitted by the central gateway control unit (N93) to the interior CAN (CAN-B), the navigation processor (N41/1) detects the direction of travel (forwards or backwards).

Distance traveled

The navigation processor (N41/1) also receives the wheel speed signals from the ESP control unit (N47-5). Evaluation of the wheel speed signals results in the travel distance covered.

Vehicle orientation

From the data of the yaw rate sensor (gyro sensor) and the sequence of the locations calculated using GPS, the navigation processor (N41/1) calculates the orientation (compass direction) of the vehicle. The difference between the calculated and actual distance traveled between two turns is used for the automatic recalibration of the tire circumference.

Errors with basic position finding

Rolling with "circuit 15 OFF" or transporting the vehicle likewise falsify location finding.

In both cases the deviation is corrected automatically by the navigation processor (N41/1) upon receipt of the GPS data.

Calibration

Wheel calibration is necessary following a tire change. To do this, the input of tire size, e.g. 225/060/016 and the coding, whether new (depth of tread approx. 5 to 10 mm) or worn tires (depth of tread approx. 3 to 5 mm) have been fitted, is necessary. Entries are made using STAR DIAGNOSIS or directly on the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3). A special calibration journey is not required.

Global positioning system (GPS) position finding, function - GF82.61-P-3007T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio with CODE (527) Navigation module for COMAND

Shown on model 211.0

The global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite-assisted position finding system set up by the US Department of Defense. It is a toll-free service available throughout the world. The GPS satellites constantly transmit time and position data.

Four satellites are required for the initial calculation of the position, after that three receivable satellites are sufficient. GPS position finding is irreplaceable for journeys outside the digitized map area and after vehicle transport (e.g. train or ferry journeys and towing). A new GPS position (after interruption of the satellite reception) can take several minutes (up to 20 minutes when the equipment is first set up).

The navigation processor for the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56), with code (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio, is integrated into the operating unit. With the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3), with code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation), the external navigation module is referred to as a navigation processor (N41/1)

GPS position finding, function

The navigation processor (N41/1) calculates the vehicle location and the accuracy of the positioning from the satellite signals received and amplified by the GPS antenna (A2/49a2) (model 211.0) or from the GPS antenna (A2/23) (model 211.2).

The actual calculation is essentially based on the measurement of the travel times of the signals sent synchronously by the various satellites. An important prerequisite for this is the synchronicity of the clocks, the satellites and the receiver.

For this purpose, the receiver has an automatic time correction feature which again is possible with the aid of the satellite signals. If the navigation processor (N41/1) determines that the basic position finding is less precise than the GPS position finding, the currently calculated position is corrected using the GPS data. Moreover, the route of the vehicle is determined from the sequence of locations calculated with GPS.

Every minute, approximately 50 GPS recalculations of the location take place

Possible interference when receiving GPS signals

As GPS operates in the GHz range (microwaves) and the signals are weak, reception interference may occur due to

1. Atmospheric interference, e.g. weather, water vapor, fog
2. Multi-path reception due to signal reflections, e.g. from building walls
3. Interruption of signal reception, e.g. in areas with superstructures and in the vicinity of tunnels, tall buildings, trees

GPS reception therefore necessitates a clear view of the sky. Positioning accuracy is approx. 100 m.

Global positioning system (GPS) position finding, function - GF82.61-P-3007TJ

MODEL 211.0/2 with CODE (529) HIGH Class Japan

Global positioning system (GPS) position finding

General

The GPS is a satellite-assisted positioning system that has been set up by the US Ministry of Defense. It is free and available worldwide. The GPS satellites permanently transmit time and position data.

4 satellites are needed for the first position calculation, then 3 receivable satellites are sufficient.

The GPS position finding is, in particular, for journeys outside the digitized map area and after transportation of the vehicle (e.g. train, ferry and towing) irreplaceable.

Starting GPS position finding again (following interruption of the satellite reception) may take several minutes (for initial startup of the device up to 20 min).

Function

The navigation processor uses the satellite signals received and amplified by the GPS antenna (A2/23) (model 211.2), by the GPS antenna (A2/49a2) (model 211.0) for vehicles up to 30.6.06 or by the GPS antenna (A2/49a2) for vehicles as of 1.7.06 to calculate the vehicle location and to determine the accuracy of the positioning.

The actual calculation is essentially based on the measurement of the runtimes of the signals transmitted synchronously by the various satellites. An important requirement here is the synchronicity of the clocks for the satellites and the receiver. To this end the receiver is equipped with an automatic time correction, which in turn is made possible with the aid of the satellite signals.

If the navigation processor determines that the basic location finding is less accurate than the GPS location finding, the currently calculated position is corrected using the GPS data.

In addition to this the sequence of locations calculated by the GPS is used to determine the vehicle's route.

Every minute, approximately 50 GPS recalculations of the location take place

Possible interference when receiving GPS signals

Since GPS operates in the gigahertz (GHz) range (microwaves) and the signals are weak, reception interference can occur as the result of

1. Atmospheric interference e.g. weather, water vapor, fog
2. Multipath reception due to reflection of the signals e.g. from walls of buildings
3. Signal shading e.g. in built-up areas, in tunnels, by high buildings, by trees

GPS reception therefore necessitates a clear view of the sky. Positioning accuracy lies at approx. 10 m.

Map-based position finding, function - GF82.61-P-3008T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio with CODE (527) Navigation module for COMAND

Shown on model 211.0

Map-based position finding is only available in the digitized area of the CD-ROM map. By comparing the calculated position of the vehicle with the CD-ROM map, deviations can be detected and automatically corrected.

Function

The position of the vehicle is tracked continuously by the navigation processor (N41/1) on the CD-ROM map. In the event of deviations from the calculated routes in the course of the trip, the position coordinates of the basic position finding will be corrected if necessary.

The navigation processor for the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56), with code (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio, is integrated into the operating unit. With the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3), with code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation), the external navigation module is referred to as a navigation processor (N41/1)

Route calculation, function - GF82.61-P-3011T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio with CODE (527) Navigation module for COMAND

The navigation processor for the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56), with code (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio, is integrated into the operating unit. With the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3), with code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation), the external navigation module is referred to as a navigation processor (N41/1)

After entering the destination, the route is calculated and continuously updated by the navigation processor (N41/1). This can only be calculated within the digitalized map areas. The calculated route is the prerequisite of the destination guidance system.

Route calculation

The navigation processor (N41/1) calculates the trip route with the aid of the CD-ROM map data and the instantaneous position. In the calculation it takes into account the streets read from the CD-ROM map and their attributes, such as one-way streets, turn restrictions, road categories, etc. (where available).

Selectable route calculations

1. Fastest route
2. Shortest route
3. Dynamic route

If "Dynamic route" is selected, traffic messages received via radio (digital network) are stored with the aid of an integrated traffic data memory and then taken into consideration when calculating the route. The route is then calculated with the optimum time, in a manner similar to the "Fastest route" option. Notification that the route has been recalculated taking traffic messages into consideration, is provided. For the route calculation, the following stretches can be blocked from the route calculation

1. Avoid highway
2. Avoid ferries/vehicle transport
3. Avoid toll roads
4. Avoid tunnels

The navigation differentiates between

1. Main and intermediate destinations of a trip (driven to directly)
2. Via destinations

Via destinations

The entry of a via destination always refers to the road network. All the streets available in this network can be selected as via destinations. The via destinations are not driven to directly, i.e. the function is restricted to the highway network. The selection is always made via the map. Furthermore, control is possible from the operating unit, however also the input of a town or other index destinations can be carried out and then diverted on the map. With a via destination, the route calculation takes place to the next main destination taking the via point into consideration.

The navigation processor (N41/1) creates a list of the streets and junctions to be driven to after the route has been calculated. This route list is used for destination guidance. It may also be displayed by calling up the "Information" menu.

Route updating

If the driver deviates from the calculated route, a new route list is calculated by the navigation processor (N41/1). When doing so, the current position and the direction of travel are taken into consideration. The new route is optimized accordingly.

Journeys outside of the digitalized map area

If the vehicle leaves the digitized CD-ROM map range (e.g. traveling in a multi-level car park), routes cannot be calculated or updated. OFF ROAD appears in the display. When leaving the map boundaries (e.g. foreign countries) OFF MAP is displayed. Destinations which lie outside of the digitalized map area cannot be taken into consideration on calculation of the route.

Route calculation, function - GF82.61-P-3011TJ

MODEL 211.0/2 with CODE (529) HIGH Class Japan

With code (529) HIGH Class Japan the navigation processor is integrated in the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3)

After inputting the destination on the COMAND operating, display and control module (A40/3), the route is calculated and constantly updated by the navigation processor. This can only be calculated within the digitalized map areas. The calculated route is the prerequisite of the destination guidance system.

Route calculation

The navigation processor calculates the route to be driven with the aid of DVD map data and the instantaneous position. For the calculation it takes into account the roads and attributes read from the DVD map such as one-way streets, bans on turning off, road classes, etc. (if present).

Selectable route calculations

1. Fastest route
2. Short route
3. Dynamic route

When selecting the "Dynamic route", traffic messages received via the FM network are stored and taken into account for the route calculation. The route is then calculated with the optimum time, in a manner similar to the "Fastest route" option.

Notification that the route has been recalculated taking traffic messages into consideration, is provided.

For the route calculation, the following stretches can be blocked from the route calculation

1. Avoid highway
2. Avoid ferries/vehicle transport
3. Avoid toll roads
4. Avoid tunnels

The navigation differentiates between

1. main and intermediate destinations of a trip (driven to directly)
2. Via destinations

Via destinations

The entry of a Via destination always refers to the road network. Any road that is available in the network can be selected as a Via destination.

The Via destinations are not driven to directly, i.e. the function is restricted to the highway network.

The selection is always made via the map. In addition, the operating unit controls, however, also the input of a town or other index destinations and then the branching off into the map. With a Via destination, the route calculation takes place to the next main destination taking the Via point into consideration. Following the calculation of the route, the navigation processor generates a list of roads and junctions to be driven along. This route list is used for destination guidance.

It may also be displayed by calling up the "Information" menu.

Route updating

When the driver deviates from the calculated route, a new route list is calculated by the navigation processor. When doing so, the current position and the direction of travel are taken into consideration. The new route is optimized accordingly.

Trips outside the digitized map area

If the vehicle leaves the digitized DVD map area (e.g. driving into a multilevel car park), a route cannot be calculated or updated. "OFF ROAD" appears on the display. Upon leaving the map boundary (e.g. foreign country), the message "OFF MAP" appears.

Destinations which lie outside of the digitalized map area cannot be taken into consideration on calculation of the route.

Route calculation, function - GF82.61-P-3011TU

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 30.6.06 with CODE (528) HIGH Class USA

With code (527) navigation module for COMAND and code (528) HIGH Class USA the external navigation module is designated navigation processor (N41/1)

After the destination input on the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) the route is calculated and constantly updated by the navigation processor (N41/1). This can only be calculated within the digitalized map areas. The calculated route is the prerequisite of the destination guidance system.

Route calculation

The navigation processor (N41/1) calculates the route to be driven with the aid of DVD card data and the instantaneous position. It takes into account for the calculation the roads and attributes read from the DVD map such as one-way streets, bans on turns and road categories where available.

For the route calculation, the following stretches can be blocked from the route calculation

1. Avoid highway
2. Avoid ferries/vehicle transport
3. Avoid toll roads
4. Avoid tunnels

The navigation differentiates between

1. main and intermediate destinations of a trip (driven to directly)
2. Via destinations

Via destinations

The input of a via destination always refers to the road network which exists at the current data level 3 (which corresponds to 50 km to 500 km). All the roads existing in this network can be selected as via destinations. The Via destinations are not driven to directly, i.e. the function is restricted to the highway network. The selection is always made via the map. In addition, controlled by the operating unit, it is also possible to enter a town or other index destination and then divert it to the map. With the via destination, the route is calculated to the main destination which follows next, taking into consideration the via point. The navigation processor (N41/1) creates a list of the streets and junctions to be driven to after the route has been calculated. This route list is used for destination guidance. It may also be displayed by calling up the "Information" menu.

Route updating

If the driver deviates from the calculated route, a new route list is calculated by the navigation processor (N41/1). When doing so, the current position and the direction of travel are taken into consideration. The new route is optimized accordingly.

Trips outside the digitized map area

If the vehicle leaves the digitized DVD map area (e.g. driving into a multilevel car park), then no route can be calculated or updated. OFF ROAD appears on the display of the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3). When leaving the map boundaries (e.g. abroad) OFF MAP is displayed.

Destinations which lie outside of the digitalized map area cannot be taken into consideration on calculation of the route.

Destination guidance, function - GF82.61-P-3012T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio with CODE (527) Navigation module for COMAND

Overview of digitized and non-digitized CD-ROM map areas

Scheme 292

Destination guidance, function

Destination guidance includes making up and outputting driving recommendations to guide the driver to the desired destination.

The prerequisites of destination guidance include

1. Continuous position finding is in operation.
2. The trip destination has been entered.
3. Route has been calculated.

The navigation processor (N41/1) continuously compares the route calculation data with the position finding data and derives from this the measures for continued navigation.

Depending on the position of the vehicle, a distinction can be made between the following two destination guidance system modes

1. Destination guidance within the digitized CD-ROM map area
2. Restricted destination guidance outside the digitized CD-ROM map area

The navigation processor for the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56), with code (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio, is integrated into the operating unit. With the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3), with code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation), the external navigation module is referred to as a navigation processor (N41/1)

Destination guidance, function - GF82.61-P-3012TJ

MODEL 211.0/2 with CODE (529) HIGH Class Japan

Overview of digitized and non-digitized

DVD-ROM map areas

Scheme 293

The road network shown is illustrated in a highly simplified manner

Route guidance, function

Destination guidance includes making up and outputting driving recommendations to guide the driver to the desired destination.

The prerequisites of destination guidance include

1. Constant map matching is in operation.
2. The trip destination has been entered.
3. Route has been calculated.

The navigation processor continuously compares the route calculation data with the location finding data and derives from this measures for further navigation.

Depending on the position of the vehicle a distinction is made between the following 2 navigation modes (see+ Figure)

1. Navigation within the digitized DVD-ROM map area
2. Restricted navigation outside the digitized DVD-ROM map area

With code (529) HIGH Class Japan the navigation processor is integrated in the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3)

Destination guidance, function - GF82.61-P-3012TU

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 30.6.06 with CODE (528) HIGH Class USA

Overview of digitized and non-digitized

DVD map areas

Scheme 294

The road network shown is illustrated in a highly simplified manner

Route guidance, function

Destination guidance includes making up and outputting driving recommendations to guide the driver to the desired destination.

The prerequisites of destination guidance include

1. Constant location finding is in operation.
2. The trip destination has been entered.
3. Route has been calculated.

The navigation processor (N41/1) continuously compares the route calculation data with the position finding data and derives from this the measures for continued navigation.

Depending on the position of the vehicle, a distinction is made between the following two modes of navigation (see picture)

1. Navigation within the digitized DVD map area
2. Restricted navigation outside the digitized DVD map area

With code (527) navigation module for COMAND and code (528) HIGH Class USA the external navigation module is designated navigation processor (N41/1)

Destination guidance in digitalized map area, function - GF82.61-P-4000T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio with CODE (527) Navigation module for COMAND

For trips within the digitized map area, the following information is available to the user

1. Current position and vehicle route on digital map (illustrated graphically)
2. Route list
3. Distance from the destination and estimated time of arrival
4. Direction recommendation
5. Arrow indicating the driving direction
6. Name of the road currently being traveled along
7. Name of the next road into which the vehicle should turn
8. Distance from the next junction (specified in units of length or as a bar graph)

The compass direction of north, south, east or west is given by a graphic display and voice output. The compass direction is displayed only in the case of numbered roads. No data and display of the compass direction is given in the case of roads designated by name (e.g. within towns).

For destination guidance, 3 illustration modes are possible

1. Map
2. Map and symbol presentation of the turn-off points
3. Symbol presentation (system of navigation symbols)

The scale of the map can be changed in stages. In addition to this a selection can be made as to whether the map is to be aligned in the direction of travel (Head-Up) or towards the North (North-Up).

The CD model (with the most up-to-date detailed geometry) is recognized automatically and the graphics displayed in an optimized second line thickness.

Actual destination guidance is significantly supported via voice output.

Destination guidance in digitalized map area, function - GF82.61-P-4000TJ

MODEL 211.0/2 with CODE (529) HIGH Class Japan

For trips within the digitized map area, the following information is available to the user

1. The current route and position of the vehicle on a digital map (graphically depicted)
2. Route list
3. Distance from the destination and estimated time of arrival
4. Direction recommendation
5. Arrow indicating the driving direction
6. Name of the road currently being traveled along
7. Name of the next road into which the vehicle should turn
8. Distance from the next junction (specified in units of length or as a bar graph)

The compass points North, South, East and West are specified by graphical representation and voice output. The compass direction is displayed only in the case of numbered roads. No data and display of the compass direction is given in the case of the roads which are designated by name (e.g. within towns).

For navigation, 3 illustration modes are possible

1. Map
2. Map and symbol illustration prior to turns
3. Symbol presentation (system of navigation symbols)

The scale of the map can be changed in stages. It may additionally be selected whether the map is aligned in the direction of travel (Head-Up) or towards the North (North-Up).

The DVD type is detected automatically and the graphic shown. Actual destination guidance is significantly supported via voice output

Destination guidance in digitalized map area, function - GF82.61-P-4000TU

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 30.6.06 with CODE (528) HIGH Class USA

The following information is available to the user within the digitized map area

1. The current route and position of the vehicle on a digital map (graphically depicted)
2. Route list
3. Distance from the destination and estimated time of arrival
4. Direction recommendation
5. Arrow indicating the driving direction
6. Name of the road currently being traveled along
7. Name of the next road into which the vehicle should turn
8. Distance from the next junction (specified in units of length or as a bar graph)

The compass direction North, South, East and West is specified by graphical representation and voice output. The compass direction is displayed only in the case of numbered roads. No data and display of the compass direction is given in the case of the roads which are designated by name (e.g. within towns).

For navigation, 3 illustration modes are possible

1. Map
2. Map and symbol presentation of the turn-off points
3. Symbol presentation (system of navigation symbols)

The scale of the map can be changed in stages. Moreover it is possible to select whether the map is aligned in the direction of travel or facing North.

The DVD type (with the latest fine geometry) is automatically detected and the graphic displayed in a second optimized set of line thicknesses.

Actual destination guidance is significantly supported via voice output.

Destination guidance in non-digitalized map area, function - GF82.61-P-4001T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio with CODE (527) Navigation module for COMAND

The navigation processor for the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56), with code (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio, is integrated into the operating unit. With the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3), with code (527) COMAND APS (with navigation), the external navigation module is referred to as a navigation processor (N41/1)

When traveling outside the digitized map area (e.g. company grounds, multi-level car parks, field paths, etc.), but still within the CD-ROM map boundaries, the navigation processor (N41/1) switches over to "Route guidance in non-digitized map area".

The message "OFF ROAD" appears on the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) display. The message "OFF MAP" is displayed if the vehicle is outside of the CD-ROM map boundary (outside the country).

In both cases, only the basic position finding continues to operate with correction using the GPS data. Limited destination guidance takes place while only specifying

1. Distance from the destination as the crow flies
2. Direction to the destination (as an arrow)

After reentering the digitized map area, the system automatically continues with "Destination guidance in digitized map area". The GPS position is used to help determine the roads on which the vehicle could be located. During this process a slight delay in the route guidance may result.

When the message "OFF MAP" appears, complete destination guidance can be continued by inserting the proper CD-ROM for the foreign country

The time synchronization between the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) and the instrument cluster (A1) must be performed on journeys in different "time zones" (time shifts, time changes)

Destination-oriented navigation in non-digitalized map area, function - GF82.61-P-4001TJ

MODEL 211.0/2 with CODE (529) HIGH Class Japan

When traveling outside the digitized map area (e.g. company grounds, multi-level car parks, dirt roads, etc.), but still within the digital versatile disk (DVD)-ROM map boundary, the navigation processor of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3) switches over to "Destination-oriented navigation in non-digitized map area". The message "OFF ROAD" appears on the COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3) display. If the vehicle is outside the DVD-ROM map boundary (outside the country), the message "OFF MAP" appears. In both cases, only basic position finding (dead reckoning) with correction by global positioning system (GPS) is performed.

Limited destination-oriented navigation takes place while only specifying

1. Straight-line distance to the destination
2. Direction to destination (as an arrow)

After reentering the digitized map area, the system automatically continues with "Destination-oriented navigation in digitized map area".

With the aid of GPS, the possible roads are determined on which the vehicle could be located. During this process a slight delay in the destination-oriented navigation may result.

When the message "OFF MAP" appears, complete destination-oriented navigation can be continued by inserting the proper DVD-ROM for the foreign country

The time between the COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3) and the instrument cluster (A1) must be synchronized on journeys in other "time zones" (time shift, time change)

Destination guidance in non-digitalized map area, function - GF82.61-P-4001TU

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 30.6.06 with CODE (528) HIGH Class USA

With code (527) navigation module for COMAND and code (528) HIGH Class USA the external navigation module is designated navigation processor (N41/1)

Route guidance in non-digitized map area, function

When traveling outside the digitized map area (e.g. company sites, multilevel car parks, tracks across fields), but still within the DVD map limit, the navigation processor (N41/1) of the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) switches over to "navigation in the non digitized map area".

The message "OFF ROAD" appears on the display of the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3). If the vehicle is outside the DVD map limit (outside the country), the message "OFF MAP" appears.

In both cases only the basic location finding with correction by GPS data now takes place.

Restricted navigation only takes place through the specification of the

1. Distance from the destination as the crow flies
2. Direction to the destination (as an arrow)

After reentering the digitized map area, the system automatically continues with "Route guidance in digitized map area".

The GPS position is used to help determine the roads on which the vehicle could be located. During this process a slight delay in the route guidance may result.

In the event of the message "OFF MAP", comprehensive navigation can be continued after loading a corresponding abroad DVD

The time between the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) and instrument cluster (A1) must be synchronized on journeys in other "time zones" (time delay, time changeover)

Dynamic route guidance, function - GF82.61-P-4003T

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (525) MB Audio 50 APS radio

Scheme 295

Block diagram of radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) dynamic route guidance with voice control system

The current traffic situation is taken into consideration in the dynamic route guidance. The incoming information on the traffic situation can be received by the RDS/TMC function (Radio Data System/Traffic Message Channel) with the FM receiver in the audio gateway control unit (N93/1). The information on the current traffic situation is sent out by a specially equipped broadcasting corporation on an area-related basis via FM. A suitable FM/RDS transmitter must be tuned in. The FM receiver receives the traffic reports from the left antenna amplifier module (A2/64) and passes them on to the traffic data recorder. The traffic reports are stored in the traffic data recorder of the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) and made available to the navigation processor.

The service of the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) is coded, i.e. a decoder is necessary for this reception (fee required, but better service), or uncoded (free of charge)

Since no communication is accomplished between the vehicle and broadcasting corporation with TMC messages, the traffic data recorder selects the traffic messages related to the route on which the vehicle is presently driving as well as the surrounding area.

Traffic information analysis

The traffic data memory decodes the traffic information and transmits it to the navigation processor on request (internal). The navigation processor makes the decision whether the route should be changed.

If necessary, a message that the route should be changed is output via the vehicle speaker. For synchronization tasks the traffic data recorder requires an up-to-date "location list" from the navigation computer. In this list every stretch and every significant point (e.g. highway exit) on the recorded road network is identified by a unique number. This list is originally stored on the DVD-ROM. It is automatically loaded into the traffic data recorder as required (e.g. when DVD-ROM is changed). The traffic information stored in the traffic data memory is erased automatically after half an hour, max. 100 messages can be stored.

The decoded traffic messages are highlighted on the map by means of corresponding symbols. They can also be displayed as plain text. To do this, press the TRAFFIC JAM button Traffic reports relevant to the route are, for example

1. Road blocked
2. Jam
3. Slow-moving traffic
4. Heavy traffic
5. Light traffic
6. Road works
7. Trouble-free traffic

In the "Navigation" menu, the list of traffic information can be called up by pressing the "TMC message displays" button

Dynamic route guidance, function - GF82.61-P-4003TA

MODEL 211.0/2 up to 31.5.06 with CODE (527) COMAND APS (with navigation)

Scheme 296

COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) with dynamic navigation system with code (813) Voice control system (VCS)

The current traffic situation is taken into consideration in the dynamic route guidance. The incoming information on the traffic situation can be received through the Radio Data System/Traffic Message Channel (RDS/TMC) function with the FM receiver in the audio gateway control unit (N93/1). The information on the current traffic situation is sent out by a specially equipped broadcasting corporation on an area-related basis via FM. A suitable FM/RDS transmitter must be tuned in. The FM receiver receives the traffic reports from the left antenna amplifier module (A2/64) and passes them on to the traffic data recorder.

The traffic reports are stored in the traffic data recorder of the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) and made available to the navigation processor (N41/1).

The service of the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) is coded, i.e. a decoder is necessary for this reception (fee required but of better service) or uncoded (free of charge)

Since no communication is accomplished between the vehicle and broadcasting corporation with TMC messages, the traffic data recorder selects the traffic messages related to the route on which the vehicle is presently driving as well as the surrounding area.

Traffic information analysis

The traffic data recorder decodes the traffic information and passes it on internally to the navigation processor (N41/1) upon request. The navigation processor (N41/1) makes the decision whether the route should be changed.

If necessary, a message that the route should be changed is output via the vehicle speaker. For synchronization, the traffic data recorder requires a current location list supplied by the navigation processor (N41/1). In this list every stretch and every significant point (e.g. highway exit) on the recorded road network is identified by a unique number. This list is originally stored on the CD-ROM. It is automatically loaded into the traffic data memory as required (e.g. when CD-ROM is changed). The traffic information stored in the traffic data memory is erased automatically after half an hour, max. 100 messages can be stored.

The decoded traffic messages are highlighted on the map by means of corresponding symbols. They can also be displayed as plain text. To do this, press the "TRAFFIC JAM" button Traffic reports relevant to the route are, for example

1. Road blocked
2. Jam
3. Slow-moving traffic
4. Heavy traffic
5. Light traffic
6. Road works
7. Trouble-free traffic

In the "Navigation" menu, the list of traffic information can be called up by pressing the "TMC message displays" button

Dynamic route guidance, function - GF82.61-P-4003TJ

MODEL 211.0/2 with CODE (529) HIGH Class Japan

Function of Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS)

(Traffic information system in Japan)

The current traffic situation is taken into consideration in the dynamic route guidance.

Incoming information on the traffic situation is transmitted via beacons (special masts). The information can be transmitted as FM or infrared signal. The FM or infrared receivers installed on the vehicle receive and decode the signals of the VICS 3 media box (traffic data recorder). This information on the current traffic situation is sent out on an area-related basis by a specially equipped broadcasting station.

The traffic messages are stored and supplied to the navigation processor.

The VICS 3 media box for dynamic route guidance is a dealer option in Japan

As in the case of VICS messages no communication takes place between the vehicle and the broadcasting station, the traffic data recorder selects the traffic messages which concern the stretch just driven on as well as the surrounding area.

Traffic information analysis

The traffic data memory decodes the traffic information and transmits it to the navigation processor on request (internal). The navigation processor makes the decision whether the route should be changed.

If necessary a communication follows over the vehicle speakers that the route has been changed.

For synchronization tasks the traffic data recorder requires an up-to-date "location list" from the navigation computer. In this list every stretch and every significant point (e.g. highway exit) on the recorded road network is identified by a unique number. This list is originally stored on the digital versatile disk (DVD).

If required (e.g. changing the DVD) it is automatically loaded into the traffic data recorder. The traffic information stored in the traffic data recorder is erased automatically after approx. 30 min, a maximum of 100 messages can be stored.

Furthermore, the COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3) is equipped with an internal VICS. From the radio antennas the traffic announcements enter the FM multiplexer of the COMAND operating, display and controller unit (A40/3) via the radio coaxial cable.

There they are decoded and clearly indicated by the appropriate symbols on the map in the display. They can also be displayed as plain text.

The internal VICS without the external VICS 3 media box (dealer option) is not suitable for dynamic route guidance

Traffic reports relevant to the route are, for example

1. Road blocked
2. Jam
3. Slow-moving traffic
4. Heavy traffic
5. Light traffic
6. Road works
7. Trouble-free traffic

Scheme 297

Radio and navigation unit, function - GF82.61-P-4109-04T

Processing button actuations

The control buttons and switches on the function keypad in the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) are read in over the microcontroller I/O ports and transferred to the central processor. Depending on the system function, the button actuations are processed in the central computer or transmitted to the other system components via the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST), the Controller Area Network bus class B (interior) (CAN-B) or the Controller Area Network bus class C (engine compartment) (CAN-C) in the form of a data telegram.

If the ON/OFF button on the rotary switch is pressed, the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) switches on. The volume is regulated at the rotary switch for the audio source adjusted in each case. The function keys switch over to the audio source desired by the user.

Graphic editing and image output

The graphics subsystem handles the preparation and output of the operating masks.

The operating masks are internally output to the display by the graphics subsystem via the RGB output (R=red, G=green, B=blue). The RGB signal contains the information and amplitudes of the 3 colors, red, green and blue as well as a synchronization signal. The electronic circuitry in the display unit evaluates the RGB signal and actuates the individual display pixels line by line in terms of color and intensity. A horizontal synchronization pulse occurs at the end of each line. The electronics of the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) thereupon actuate the next line. When the last line of the display has been reached, the vertical synchronization pulse follows. The electronics actuate the 1st line again.

Three fixed contrast settings can be called up on the display

1. Day design
2. Night design
3. Driving lights

Continuous brightness adjustment is possible via the cross-shaped rocker button.

Multistandard drive for audio CD and MP3-CD-ROM

With the aid of the integrated multistandard drive, data can be read from the special navigation CD or audio CDs can be played.

After inputting the destination (the data required are read into the memory) it is possible to change the navigation CD for a music CD and listen to music

AUX jack

Additional audio sources such as an MP3 player can be integrated in the front entertainment system via the AUX jack. The AUX jack is located in the glove compartment.

Navigation CD

The following are on the navigation CD

1. Program data for execution in navigation processor
2. Voice data for voice output
3. Map data.

At least 4 satellites are required for dead reckoning, 3 satellites are sufficient for other calculations. If these conditions for position calculation are not met, only the number of satellites appears on the display.

Off-board diagnosis, STAR DIAGNOSIS

The radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) has its own diagnostic trouble code memory. When the fault memory is queried by means of STAR DIAGNOSIS, the data are transmitted to the audio gateway control unit (N93/1) via the MOST and can then be read out via the central gateway control unit (N93). It is not possible to output the faults via the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56).

Navigation processor and global positioning system (GPS) control unit

The navigation processor is integrated into the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) and calculates the location of the vehicle from the incoming signals. It also calculates the vehicle's route after the destination has been entered. The GPS control unit is a part of the navigation processor. It evaluates the satellite signals coming from the GPS antenna (A2/23) (model 211.2), from the GPS antenna (A2/49a2) (model 211.0) for vehicles up to 30.6.06 or from the GPS antenna (A2/49a2) for vehicles as of 1.7.06 and calculates from them the vehicle location.

Turn rate sensor

The turn rate sensor determines the direction changes of the vehicle. It is installed into the navigation processor. A calibration is not required.

The traffic data memory

The traffic data recorder is located in the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56). In RDS/TMC mode, the uncoded traffic report data received by the radio tuner in the audio gateway control unit (N93/1) are transmitted to the traffic data recorder via the MOST. The data are stored for a maximum of 30 minutes, also during the "run-on time" (up to 100 messages). The traffic data memory decodes the messages and transmits them to the navigation processor as required. For synchronization tasks, the traffic data recorder requires an up-to-date "location list" from the navigation processor.

The monitoring points for checking the network of roads (e.g. freeway exit) are defined by clear numbers in the "location list". The "location list" is stored on the CD-ROM. It is automatically loaded (e.g. if CD-ROM is changed) from the navigation processor into the traffic data recorder.

CD player with changer, function - GF82.64-P-3113-02T

CD changer control

The CD changer (A2/6) is actuated via the MOST and an electric Wake-up line, irrespective of the vehicle equipment.

Compatible operating units

1. Radio (A2)
2. Radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56)
3. COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3)

The CD changer (A2/6) is moved out after pressing the button beneath the hazard warning system switch (N72/1s5) in the upper control panel control unit (N72/1). The upper control panel control unit (N72/1) is automatically raised and exposes the CD slot and keypad.

The CD changer (A2/6) generates messages for the following operating conditions

1. No magazine in CD changer
2. Magazine occupation (music CDs only)
3. Number of current CD
4. Number of current title
5. List of occupied slots (CDs)
6. Number of titles per CD
7. Current operating state (acoustic reproduction of radio signals, pause, etc.)

The messages are placed on the MOST and displayed by the radio (A2), radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) or COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3).

CD playback

The audio data is digitally stored on the CD ROM. The audio CD in the CD player is driven by a motor. The laser optics scan the unwritten side of the rotating CD without touching it and convert the digital optical signals into electronic signals. Minor playback faults caused by scratches or soiling on the Audio CD are interpolated by the D/A converter and therefore compensated for. The electronic signals are subsequently decoded in the CD changer (A2/6) and passed via the MOST to the radio (A2), radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) or COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) and the audio gateway control unit (N93/1). All control data such as input errors and the response from the CD changer (A2/6) are shown on the display of the radio (A2), the radio control panel and navigation unit (A2/56) or the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3).

The audio gateway control unit (N93/1) receives the audio data via the MOST. The digitized information is converted to analog here and passed to the vehicle speakers.

Jumps and interruptions during playback

When driving on poor roads and during strong vibrations it may be that jumps and interruptions occur during playback. In such cases, CD operation must wait until the road conditions improve.

If there are large fluctuations in the ambient temperature, moisture can accumulate in the housing of the CD changer (A2/6) due to condensation. This may also lead to faults occurring during playback. In such cases it should be ensured that the CD changer (A2/6) is adequately ventilated.

CD player with changer, function - GF82.64-P-3113-02TJ

Controlling CD changer

The CD changer (A2/6) is actuated via the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) and an electrical wake-up line, dependent on the vehicle equipment.

The CD changer (A2/6) extends after pressing the button under the hazard warning system switch (N72/1s5) in the lower control panel. The lower control panel is raised automatically, revealing the insertion slot.

The CD changer (A2/6) generates messages on the following operating conditions

1. No magazine in CD changer
2. Magazine occupation (music CDs only)
3. Number of current CD
4. Number of current title
5. List of occupied slots (CDs)
6. Number of titles per disc
7. Current operating state (acoustic reproduction of radio signals, pause, etc.)

The messages are placed on the Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) and displayed by the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3).

CD playback

The audio data is stored digitally on the CD.- The audio CD is driven by a motor in the CD player. The laser optics scan the unwritten side of the rotating CD without touching it and convert the digital optical signals into electronic signals. Small missing points resulting from scratches or contamination on the audio CD are later interpolated by a D/A converter and thereby compensated.

The electronic signals are then decoded in the CD changer and conducted via the MOST to the operating unit and the audio gateway control module (N93/1).

All control data, such as input commands by the operating unit as well as the response of the CD changer, are given on the display of the operating unit.

The audio gateway control module (N93/1) receives the audio data via the MOST. The digitized data are processed here again and relayed to the vehicle speakers.

Jumps and interruptions during playback

When driving on poor roads and during strong vibrations it may be that jumps and interruptions occur during playback. In such cases, CD operation must wait until the road conditions improve.

With severe fluctuations in the ambient temperature, moisture may accumulate in the CD player housing (condensation). This may also lead to faults occurring during playback. In such cases, the CD player should be sufficiently ventilated.

CD player with changer, function - GF82.64-P-3113-02TU

Control of CD changer

The CD changer (A2/6) is actuated via the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) and an electric wake up line, depending on the vehicle equipment.

Compatible operating units

1. COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3)

The CD changer (A2/6) is moved out after the button under the hazard warning system switch (N72/1s5) in the upper control panel control unit (N72/1) is operated. This is automatically raised in the process and releases the input opening with the button panel.

The CD-changer (A2/6) produces messages on the following operating conditions

1. No magazine in CD changer
2. Magazine occupation (music CDs only)
3. Number of current CD
4. Number of current title
5. List of occupied slots (CDs)
6. Track number per disk
7. Current operating state (acoustic reproduction of radio signals, pause, etc.)

The messages are placed on the Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) and are displayed by the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3).

CD playback

The audio data is stored digitally on the CD.- The audio CD in the CD player is driven by a motor. The laser optics scan the unwritten side of the rotating CD without touching it and convert the digital optical signals into electronic signals. Minor interruptions which occur on the audio CD due to scratches or contaminants are interpolated by the D/A converter and are thus adjusted.

The electronic signals are then decoded in the CD changer (A2/6) and are lead via the MOST (Media Oriented System Transport) to the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) and audio gateway control unit (N93/1).

All the control data such as input commands through the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3) as well as the reply from the CD changer (A2/6) are shown on the display of the COMAND operating, display and control unit (A40/3).

The audio gateway control unit (N93/1) receives the audio data via the MOST (Media Oriented System Transport). The digitized data are processed here again and relayed to the vehicle speakers.

Jumps and interruptions during playback

When driving on poor roads and during strong vibrations it may be that jumps and interruptions occur during playback. In such cases, CD operation must wait until the road conditions improve.

Condensation can collect in the CD player housing when there are large fluctuations in ambient temperature. This may also lead to faults occurring during playback. In such cases it should be ensured that the CD changer (A2/6) is adequately ventilated.