To decide operation conditions when the malfunction was detected
Malfunctions in a system may be intermittent. It is important to remember this when troubleshooting a possible malfunction cause. If the malfunction is not in the vehicle when it is in the workshop you can miss a malfunction cause since the values may be correct when troubleshooting takes place. A good indication of when the malfunction first occurred for the first time are the frozen values that can be read out for every diagnostic trouble code.
The frozen values are stored immediately after a malfunction has been detected. Most parameters in the frozen values are the same for all malfunctions and indicate a general condition when a malfunction has been detected, e.g., engine rpm, load, coolant temperature, vehicle speed and battery voltage. Some of them have been selected to give a better understanding of the specific malfunction.
Diagnostic trouble code ECM-903F Electronic throttle unit, internal malfunction cam be used as an example of how frozen values can be used.
The first possible source indicated in VIDA is the voltage feed to the electronic throttle unit and then continues by suggesting that you check the battery and charging system. However, the battery's condition when the vehicle is in the workshop does not necessarily show the battery voltage when the malfunction was detected.
Instead, the best information is found in the frozen values, that is, voltage that the Engine control module (ECM) detects when Electronic throttle module (ETM) indicated the malfunction.
However, you should remember that this is not an indication of voltage feed to Electronic throttle module (ETM), it is voltage feed to Engine control module (ECM). If Engine control module (ECM) according to frozen values has had good voltage the battery was okay. Therefore, voltage feed to Electronic throttle module (ETM) should be checked separately.
Frozen values for ECM 903F
- Condition, heated oxygen sensor control bank 1 = LR: Closed circuit with two sensors
- Condition, heated oxygen sensor control bank 2 = LR: Closed circuit with two sensors
- Calculated load = 4.71%
- Engine temperature = 87 °C
- Fuel adaptation, quick adjustment, bank 1 = 15.63%
- Fuel adaptation, slow adjustment, bank 1 = -0.78%
- Fuel adaptation, quick adjustment, bank 2 = 23.44%
- Fuel adaptation, slow adjustment, bank 2 = -0.78%
- Engine speed = 760 rpm
- Vehicle speed = 0 km/h
- Boost pressure = 30%
- Battery voltage = 12.50 V
- Throttle angle, desired value = 14.84%
- Air mass = 23.8 kg/h
- Outside temperature = 33 °C
In this case we assume that the vehicle had low battery voltage in the workshop. However, as can be seen in the frozen values, battery voltage was okay when the malfunction occurred, so this was probably not the cause.
This is an example of how frozen values can be used to increase efficiency of troubleshooting and avoid using too much time for incorrect troubleshooting. This prevents troubleshooting and fixing a malfunction that was not the real cause of the problem that was to be solved.
The odometer reading (km) is sometimes included in frozen values in Engine control module (ECM). This enables a quick comparison with the odometer so that you can assess if the malfunction occurred as part of the troubleshooting and can be ignored. For example, CAN-network-related diagnostic trouble codes are saved when the battery voltage drops during work on the vehicle since passenger compartment lighting and other loads drain the battery.
The frozen values indicate odometer reading in km. If you multiply this value by factor 0.62 you obtain driving distance in miles. Current driving distance in both miles and km can be read out with VIDA.
Keep the following in mind when using frozen values for troubleshooting.
The frozen values to be used with care are those stored for the CAN-net and are related to diagnostic trouble codes for Electronic throttle module (ETM).
If Electronic throttle module (ETM) detects that communication to Engine control module (ECM) is interrupted, then malfunction flags will be generated in Electronic throttle module (ETM). These malfunction flags will be sent to Engine control module (ECM) first when communication on the CAN-net works again.
This means that Engine control module (ECM) will store the diagnostic trouble codes first when Electronic throttle module (ETM) delivers them, which in turn means that it is at this point in time that the frozen values are saved. For Electronic throttle module (ETM) this means that the frozen values will be from a point in time after the malfunction first occurred.
Reading off the control module identification
VIDA identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory.
The codes contain information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N.
System overview
See System overview
See Design
See System overview
The diagnostic tool identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory.
The codes contain information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N.
The diagnostic tool identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory.
The codes contain information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N.
Description of the scrolling values (lamps)
Warning lamp seat belts, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
SRS warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Brake system warning lamp, value
The ABS control module switches the lamp on or off via the Control area network (CAN). The lamp may assume the value on or off.
Parking brake warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Low oil pressure warning lamp, value
The oil pressure signal can be read off. The signal comes from the engine control module (ECM). One can read off whether the low oil pressure lamp should be on or off.
Charge lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Indicator lamp rear fog lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
ABS warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Anti-spin warning lamp, value
The ABS control module transmits the lamp signal to the combined instrument panel via the Control area network (CAN). Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module (DIM).
Service reminder indicator (SRI), value
The lamp flashes if the programmable service parameters are not programmed for some reasons or if the signals are not updated on the Control area network (CAN). The lamp can be on, off or flashing.
Trailer warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
General orange warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
General red warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
High beam, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Low fuel level warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Description of the scrolling values (other signals)
Fuel level, value
Signal from the two fuel level sensors in the rear electronic module. The value displays between 0 - 80 liters depending on the amount of fuel in the tank.
Engine coolant temperature, value
An engine coolant temperature (ECT) display. The signal comes from the engine control module (ECM) and the temperature is displayed in Celsius.
Engine speed (RPM), value
An engine speed (RPM) display. The signal lies between 0 - 8000 rpm and comes from the engine control module (ECM).
Vehicle speed, value
The vehicle speed can be read off. The signal comes from the ABS control module or the transmission control module (TCM) via the Control area network (CAN).
Brake fluid level, value
The sensor is directly connected to the combined instrument panel (DIM). Indicates whether the control module interprets the signal as low or high level.
Parking brake, value
The sensor is directly connected to the combined instrument panel (DIM). Indicates whether the control module interprets the signal as activated or not activated. With the parking brake applied the sensor is activated.
The SRS indicator lamp, value
The combined instrument panel informs the SRS if the indicator lamp functions or is defective.
Cruise control, value
Indicates whether the cruise control status is on or off.
Description of the customer parameters in the combined instrument panel (driver information module)
Total mileage, value
Measurement range 0-999999 km or 0-999999 miles. The parameter can only be programmed once before the read off mileage exceeds 500 km or 310 miles. Programmed by the central electronic module (CEM) after replacing the control module.
Distance conditions for service, value
Indicates the distance driven required to light the service reminder indicator (SRI). The value set for metric calibrated instruments are 5000, 7500, 10000, 12000, 15000 or 20000 km. The value set for imperial calibrated instruments are 2500, 5000, 6000, 7500, 10000 or 12500 miles.
Time conditions for service, value
Indicates the time period required to light the service reminder indicator (SRI). The value set is 6, 12, 18 or 24 months.
Engine run time conditions for service, value
Indicates the engine run period required to light the service reminder indicator (SRI). The value set is 500, 750 or 1000 hours.
Displaying zeroes, value
Setting the instrument panel to display or not display the zeroes.
Temperature unit, value
The temperature unit of measurement can be selected. Temperature display can be selected between Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Trip computer unit, value
Setting the trip computer (applies only to cars with trip computer). It is possible to select liters, Imperial gallons or US gallons.
Clock position, value
12- or 24- hour display.
Mileage at service, value
Reading off the mileage at service. The parameter can be programmed between 0 -999999 km or miles. When resetting the service reminder indicator (SRI) the parameter is reprogrammed by copying the mileage.
| CAUTION | Mileage at service should be used with total mileage to determine whether a service is due. |
Time at service, value
Reading off global time at service. The parameter can be between 0 -163 months (13.6 years). When resetting the service reminder indicator (SRI) the parameter is reprogrammed by copying the global time in the central electronic module (CEM) to the combined instrument panel (DIM).
| CAUTION | Time at service and global time should be used with time conditions to determine whether a service is due. |
Engine hours since service, value
Parameter read off. Indicates how many hours the engine has run since the last service. The parameter can be between 0 -65536 hours. Reset when resetting the Service reminder indicator (SRI).
| CAUTION | Engine time since service should be used with engine hours to service to determine whether a service is due. |
Global time, value
Reading off the clock in the central electronic module (CEM). The parameter can be between 0 -163 months (13.6 years).
| CAUTION | Time at service and global time should be used with time conditions to determine whether a service is due. |
Description of component / function activation
Lamps and displays
The combined instrument panel lamps flash and the gauges sweep from minimum to maximum for 4 seconds.
Extinguish the service reminder indicator (SRI)
The service reminder indicator (SRI) is extinguished and global time in the central electronic module is copied to the combined instrument panel (DIM). The engine time since service is reset and the total mileage is copied to mileage at service.
Warning lamp seat belts, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
SRS warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Brake system warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Parking brake warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Low oil pressure warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Charge lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Indicator lamp rear fog lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), value
Activating the instrument lamp.
ABS warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Anti-spin warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Service reminder indicator (SRI), value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Trailer warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
General orange warning lamp, value
The orange triangular warning lamp in the center of the instrument panel is activated.
General red warning lamp, value
The red triangular warning lamp in the center of the instrument panel is activated.
High beam indicator lamp, value 1
Activating the instrument lamp.
Low fuel level warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Warning lamp seat belts, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
SRS warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Brake system warning lamp, value
The ABS control module lights or extinguishes the lamp via the control area network. The lamp may assume the value on or off.
Lamp parking brake warning, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Lamp low oil pressure, value
The oil pressure signal can be read off. The signal comes from the engine control module (ECM). One can read off whether the low oil pressure lamp should be on or off.
Charge lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Indicator lamp fog lamp rear, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
ABS warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Traction control warning lamp, value
The Brake Control Module (BCM) transmits the lamp signal to the driver information module (DIM) via the Control area network (CAN). Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the Driver Information Module (DIM).
Diesel preheating lamp
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Trailer warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
General orange warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
General red warning lamp, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
High beam, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Lamp low fuel level, value
Indicates whether the lamp is on or off according to the control module.
Fuel level, value
Signal from the two fuel level sensors in the rear electronic module (REM). The value displays between 0 and 80 liters depending on the amount of fuel in the tank.
Engine coolant temperature, value
An engine coolant temperature (ECT) display. The signal comes from the engine control module (ECM) and the temperature is displayed in Celsius.
Engine speed (RPM), value
An engine speed (RPM) display. The signal is between 0 and 8000 rpm and comes from the engine control module (ECM).
Vehicle speed, value
The vehicle speed can be read off. The signal comes from the Brake Control Module (BCM) or the transmission control module (TCM) via the Control area network (CAN).
Brake fluid level, value
The sensor is directly connected to the driver information module (DIM). Indicates whether the control module interprets the signal as low or high level.
Parking brake, value
The sensor is directly connected to the driver information module (DIM). Indicates whether the control module interprets the signal as activated or not activated. With the parking brake applied the sensor is activated.
The SRS indicator lamp status, value
The Driver Information Module (DIM) informs the Supplemental Restraint System Module (SRS) if the indicator lamp is working or is defective.
Cruise control, value
Indicates whether the cruise control status is on or off.
Description of the customer parameters in the driver information module (DIM)
Total mileage, value
Measurement range 0-999999 km, 0-999999 miles. The parameter can only be programmed once before the read off mileage exceeds 500 km or 310 miles. Programmed by the Central Electronic Module (CEM) after the control module has been replaced.
Distance conditions for service, value
Indicates the mileage required to display the service indicator message. The available values for metric calibrated instruments are 5000, 7500, 10000, 12000, 15000 or 20000 km. The available values for imperial calibrated instruments are 2500, 5000, 6000, 7500, 10000 or 12500 miles.
Time conditions for service, value
Indicates the time required to display the service indication message. The values set are 6, 12, 18 or 24 months.
Engine run time conditions for service, value
Indicates the time the engine must have been running before the service indication message will be displayed. The value set is 500, 750 or 1000 hours.
Displaying zeroes, value
Setting the instrument panel to display or not display the zeroes.
Temperature unit, value
The temperature unit of measurement can be selected. The temperature display can be selected between Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Unit trip computer, value
Setting the trip computer (applies only to cars with trip computer). It is possible to select liters, Imperial gallons or US gallons.
Clock position, value
12- or 24- hour display.
Mileage at service, value
Reading off the mileage at service. The parameter can be programmed between 0-999999 km or miles. When resetting the service reminder indicator (SRI) the parameter is reprogrammed by copying the mileage.
| CAUTION | Mileage at service should be used with total mileage to determine whether a service is due |
Time at service, value
Reading off global time at service. The parameter can be between 0 -163 months (13.6 years). When resetting the service reminder message, the parameter is reprogrammed by copying the global time in the central electronic module (CEM) to the driver information module (DIM).
| CAUTION | Time at service and global time should be used with time conditions to determine whether a service is due. |
Engine hours since service, value
Parameter read off. Indicates how many hours the engine has run since the last service. The parameter can be between 0 -65536 hours. Resets when service reminder message is reset.
| CAUTION | Engine time since service should be used with engine hours to service to determine whether a service is due |
Global time, value
Reading off the clock in the central electronic module (CEM). The parameter can be between 0 -163 months (13.6 years).
| CAUTION | Time at service and global time should be used with time conditions to determine whether a service is due. |
Parking brake warning
Setting the sound signal for the parking brake warning. Parking brake warning can be on or off. The default position is on.
Lamps and displays
The combined instrument panel lamps flash and the gauges sweep from minimum to maximum for 4 seconds.
Warning lamp seat belts, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
SRS warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Brake system warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Lamp parking brake warning, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Lamp low oil pressure, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Charge lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Indicator lamp fog lamp rear, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), value
Activating the instrument lamp.
ABS warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Traction control warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Diesel preheating lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
Trailer warning lamp, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
General orange warning lamp, value
The orange triangular warning lamp in the center of the instrument panel is activated.
General red warning lamp, value
The red triangular warning lamp in the center of the instrument panel is activated.
High beam indicator lamp, value 1
Activating the instrument lamp.
Lamp low fuel level, value
Activating the instrument lamp.
See System overview
Scheme 389
The Engine Control Module (ECM) uses the signal from the ignition switch to detect when the ignition key has been turned to position II or III. When the key is in the ignition position (position II) or starting position (position III) a high signal (U bat ) is transmitted from the ignition switch to the engine control module (ECM). The engine management system prepares for start-up (for example, temporarily activates the fuel pump (FP) relay). When the flywheel in the engine rotates, the engine speed (RPM) sensor signal is used to keep the fuel pump (FP) relay activated.
The fuse in the fuse box in the passenger compartment supplies current to the ignition switch.
The central electronic module (CEM) has diagnostics for the ignition switch.
Overview
See: Overview
See System overview
Scheme 390
| 1. | Ballast | 5. | Internal headlamp surround |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2. | Motor, headlamp range adjustment | 6. | Motor, high and low beam |
| 3. | Bulb connector, high tension | 7. | Moving reflector |
| 4. | Bulb |
Bi-Xenon uses gas discharge technology and is a headlamp system with moving reflectors. The system combines high and low beams in the same bulb.
It is a statutory requirement (for low beam) for vehicles with this type of bulb to be equipped with headlamps with automatic level control.
Xenon versus Halogen
Xenon
- has higher color temperature which gives a whiter light
- reflects from road signs and markings better
- has lower power consumption. (approximately 2/3).
Worth knowing
- Daylight has a color temperature of approximately 5000°K. The nearer to natural light, the easier the light is on the eye. Normal H4 bulb: approximately 3200 °K. Volvos gas discharge lamp (GDL): approximately 4200 °K
- The Bi-Xenon system also has the advantage of the high and low beam having the same color light. The human eye finds it easier to react between changes.
The light source consists of a discharge pipe surrounded by glass which filters out damaging UV radiation.
- The discharge tube is filled with a number of chemical compounds including the noble gas Xenon
- A light arc is created by an electrical discharge between two tungsten electrodes
- Because the bulb does not have a filament it is less susceptible to bumps and vibration
- Bulb designation: (special for reflector system).
- Power consumption: 35 W.
| CAUTION | The bulb contains mercury (less than 0.5 mg) and when discarded must be treated as hazardous waste. Hazardous waste must be handled according to the relevant statutory regulations, see also Volvo Car Corporation's "Waste Management Guidelines for Dealers". |
The diagnostic tool identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory.
The codes contain the following information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N (part of the software).
The diagnostic tool identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory.
The codes contain information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N.
Reading off control module identification
VIDA identifies the control modules by reading off a number of codes from control module memory.
The codes contain information about control module
- P/N hardware (control module without software)
- serial number hardware (control module without software)
- P/N software
- P/N diagnostic software
Scheme 391
The task of the power seat module is to manage the following functions
- Seat maneuvering
- Storage of memory positions (seat positions only).
The control module is under the seat on the driver's side. The seat must be removed in order to replace the control module.
The power seat module is directly connected to components and to other control modules via CAN communication.
The control module checks activations and input and output signals through an integrated diagnostic system A diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is stored in certain cases if the control module detects a fault.
Diagnostic trouble codes (DTC) are stored in the control module memory. The data can be read off using the diagnostic tool.
A simple way to check that the power seat module (4/52) is supplied with power and grounded is to move the seat.
If the voltage is below 8.5 V or above 16.0 V the power seat module will not function. If the voltage increases to 9.0 V or falls to 15.5 V the control module will function again.
For information, also see the relevant Signal specifications.
VIDA identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory. The codes contain information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N.
VIDA identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory.
The codes contain information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N
- P/N slave nodes (inclination sensor module (ISM))
- CAN frame period (40 ms for the CAN low-speed network at time of writing)
- Subcontractor identification plate (ECU-ID).
VIDA identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory.
The codes contain information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N
- P/N slave nodes (inclination sensor module (ISM))
- CAN frame period (40 ms for the CAN low-speed network at time of writing)
- Subcontractor identification plate (ECU-ID).
VIDA identifies control modules by reading off a number of codes from the control module memory.
The codes contain information about the control module
- hardware P/N (control module without software)
- hardware serial number (control module without software)
- software P/N
- diagnostic software P/N.