Engine System - General Information: Other Lincoln MKX I рестайлинг

Component Tests

The following component tests are used to diagnose engine concerns.

Engine Oil Leaks

Note. When diagnosing engine oil leaks, the source of the leak must be positively identified prior to repair. If the vehicle is driven extensively between adding the fluorescent additive and performing the leak test, fan air or wind can spread the leaking oil and make identifying the location of the leak difficult.

Prior to carrying out this procedure, clean the cylinder block, cylinder heads, valve covers, oil pan and flywheel with a suitable solvent to remove all traces of oil.

Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method

Use the 12 Volt Master UV Diagnostic Inspection Kit to carry out the following procedure for oil leak diagnosis.

1. Add 29.6 ml (1 oz.) of gasoline engine oil dye to a minimum of 0.47L (1/2 qt) and a maximum of 0.95L (1 qt) engine oil and fill through the engine oil fill. Thoroughly premix the gasoline engine oil dye or it will not have enough time to reach the crankcase, oil galleries and seal surfaces during this particular 15 minute test. The additive must be mixed well with oil and added through the oil fill. Check the level on the oil level indicator to determine what amount of oil to premix. If it is in the middle of the crosshatch area or below the full mark, use 0.95L (1 qt). If it is at the full mark, use 0.47L (1/2 qt).
2. Run the engine for 15 minutes. Stop the engine and inspect all seal and gasket areas for leaks using the 12 Volt Master UV Diagnostic Inspection Kit. A clear bright yellow or orange area will identify the leak. For extremely small leaks, several hours may be required for the leak to appear.
3. At the end of test, make sure the oil level is within the upper and lower oil indicator marks. Remove oil as necessary if it registers above the full mark.

Leakage Points - Underhood

Examine the following areas for oil leakage

1. Valve cover gaskets
2. Cylinder head gaskets
3. Oil filter adapter
4. Engine front cover
5. Oil filter adapter and filter body
6. Oil level indicator tube connection
7. Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) switch

Leakage Points - Under Engine, With Vehicle on Hoist

Examine the following areas for oil leakage

1. Oil pan gaskets
2. Oil pan sealer
3. Engine front cover gasket
4. Crankshaft front seal
5. Crankshaft rear oil seal
6. Oil filter adapter and filter body

Leakage Points - With Transmission and Flywheel Removed

Examine the following areas for oil leakage

1. Crankshaft rear oil seal
2. Rear main bearing cap parting line
3. Flexplate mounting bolt holes (with flexplate installed)
4. Pipe plugs at the end of oil passages

Oil leaks at crimped seams in sheet metal parts and cracks in cast or stamped parts can be detected when using the dye method.

Cylinder Leakage Detection

When a cylinder produces a low reading, use of a cylinder leakage tester will be helpful in pinpointing the exact cause.

The leakage tester is inserted in the spark plug hole, the piston is brought up to Top Dead Center (TDC) on the compression stroke, and compressed air is admitted.

Once the combustion chamber is pressurized, the leakage tester gauge will read the percentage of leakage. Leakage exceeding 20% is excessive.

While the air pressure is retained in the cylinder, listen for the hiss of escaping air. A leak at the intake valve will be heard in the Throttle Body (TB). A leak at the exhaust valve can be heard at the tailpipe. Leakage past the piston rings will be audible at the PCV connection. If air is passing through a blown head gasket to an adjacent cylinder, the noise will be evident at the spark plug hole of the cylinder into which the air is leaking. Cracks in the cylinder block or gasket leakage into the cooling system may be detected by a stream of bubbles in the radiator.

Excessive Engine Oil Consumption

Nearly all engines consume oil, which is essential for normal lubrication of the cylinder bore walls and pistons and rings. Determining the level of oil consumption may require testing by recording how much oil is being added over a given set of miles.

Customer driving habits greatly influence oil consumption. Mileage accumulated during towing or heavy loading generates extra heat. Frequent short trips, stop-and-go type traffic or extensive idling, prevent the engine from reaching normal operating temperature. This prevents component clearances from reaching specified operating ranges.

The following diagnostic procedure may be utilized to determine internal oil consumption. Make sure that the concern is related to internal oil consumption, and not external leakage, which also consumes oil. Verify there are no leaks before carrying out the test. Once verified, the rate of internal oil consumption can be tested.

A new engine may require extra oil in the early stages of operation. Internal piston-to-bore clearances and sealing characteristics improve as the engine breaks in. Engines are designed for close tolerances and do not require break-in oils or additives. Use the oil specified in the Owner's Literature. Ambient temperatures may determine the oil viscosity specification. Verify that the correct oil is being used for the vehicle in the geographic region in which it is driven.

Basic Pre-checks

1. For persistent complaints of oil consumption, interview the customer to determine the oil consumption characteristics. If possible, determine the brand and grade of oil currently in the oil pan. Look at the oil filter or oil-change station tags to determine if Ford-recommended maintenance schedules have been followed. Make sure that the oil has been changed at the specified mileage intervals. If vehicle mileage is past the first recommended drain interval, the OEM production filter should have been changed.
2. Ask how the most current mileage was accumulated. That is, determine whether the vehicle was driven under the following conditions: Extended idling or curbside engine operation Stop-and-go traffic or taxi operation Towing a trailer or vehicle loaded heavily Frequent short trips (engine not up to normal operating temperature) Excessive throttling or high engine-rpm driving
3. Verify that there are no external leaks. If necessary, review the diagnostic procedure under Engine Oil Leaks in the Diagnosis and Testing portion of this service information.
4. Inspect the crankcase ventilation system for: Disconnected hoses at the valve cover or TB. Loose or missing valve cover fill cap. Missing or incorrectly seated engine oil level indicator. Incorrect or dirty PCV valve. A PCV valve grommet unseated in the valve cover (if so equipped).
5. Inspect for signs of sludge. Sludge affects PCV performance and can plug or restrict cylinder head drainback wells. It can also increase oil pressure by restricting passages and reducing the drainback capability of piston oil control rings. Sludge can result from either excessive water ingestion in the crankcase or operation at extremely high crankcase temperatures.
6. Inspect the air filter for dirt, sludge or damage. A hole in the filter element will allow unfiltered air to bypass into the air induction system. This can cause premature internal wear (engine dusting), allowing oil to escape past rings, pistons, valves and guides.
7. If the engine is hot or was recently shut down, wait at least 5 minutes to allow the oil to drain back. Ask the customer if this requirement has been followed. Adding oil without this wait period can cause an overfill condition, leading to excessive oil consumption and foaming, which may cause engine damage.
8. Make sure the oil level indicator (dipstick) is correctly and fully seated in the indicator tube. Remove the oil level indicator and record the oil level.

Detailed Pre-checks

1. Check the thermostat opening temperature to make sure that the cooling system is operating at the specified temperature. If it is low, internal engine parts are not running at specified internal operating clearances.
2. Verify the spark plugs are not oil saturated. Oil leaking into one or more cylinders will appear as an oil soaked condition on the plug. If a plug is saturated, a compression check may be necessary at the conclusion of the oil consumption test.

Post Checks, Evaluation and Corrective Action

1. If test results indicate excessive oil consumption, carry out a cylinder compression test. The cylinder compression test should be carried out with a fully charged battery and all spark plugs removed. See the «Compression Test»(ref-494566-S23485902212012081400000) Chart in this service information for pressure range limits.
2. Compression should be consistent across all cylinders. Refer to the «Compression Testing»(ref-494566-S23485902212012081400000) portion of this service information. If compression tested within the «specifications»(ref-494566-S10272786992012081400000) found in this information, the excessive oil consumption may be due to wear on the valve guides, valves or valve seals.
3. A cylinder leak detection test can be carried out using a cylinder leakage tester. This can help identify valves, piston rings, or worn valve guides/valve stems, inoperative valve stem seals or other related areas as the source of oil consumption. NOTE: An oil-soaked appearance on the porcelain tips of the spark plugs also indicates excessive oil use. A typical engine with normal oil consumption will exhibit a light tan to brown appearance. See «Spark Plug Analysis»(ref-494566-S24903258982012081400000) for details. A single or adjoining, multiple cylinder leak can be traced by viewing the tips.
4. If an internal engine part is isolated as the root cause, determine if the repair will exceed cost limits and proceed with a repair strategy as required.
5. Once corrective action to engine is complete and verifying that all pre-check items were eliminated in the original diagnosis, repeat the Oil Consumption Test as described above and verify consumption results.

Valve Train Analysis

The following component tests are used to diagnose valve train concerns.

Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Cover Removed

Check for damaged or severely worn parts and correct assembly. Make sure correct parts are used with the static engine analysis as follows.

Valve Train Analysis - Camshafts and Valve Tappets

1. Check for broken or damaged parts.
2. Check for loose mounting bolts on camshaft caps.
3. Check for worn or damaged valve tappets.

Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs, Valve Tappets Removed

1. Check for broken or damaged parts.

Valve Train Analysis - Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys, Valve Tappets Removed

1. Check for correct seating of the valve spring retainer key on the valve stem and in valve spring retainer.
2. Check for correct seating on the valve stem.

Valve Train Analysis - Valves and Cylinder Head, Valve Tappets Removed

1. Check for plugged oil drain-back holes.
2. Check for worn or damaged valve tips.
3. Check for missing or damaged valve stem seals or guide-mounted valve stem seal.
4. Check for missing or worn valve spring seats.

Valve Train Analysis - Camshaft Lobe Lift

Check the lift of each camshaft lobe in consecutive order and make a note of the readings.

Scheme 978

1. Remove the spark plugs. REFER to «ENGINE IGNITION - 3.5L»(ref-494612) .
2. Install the Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture so the rounded tip of the dial indicator is on top of the camshaft lobe and on the same plane as the valve tappet.
3. Rotate the crankshaft using a breaker bar and socket attached to the crankshaft pulley retainer bolt. Rotate the crankshaft until the base circle of the camshaft lobe is reached.
4. Zero the dial indicator. Continue to rotate the crankshaft until the high-lift point of the camshaft lobe is in the fully-raised position (highest indicator reading).
5. To check the accuracy of the original dial indicator reading, continue to rotate crankshaft until the base circle is reached. The dial indicator reading should be zero. If zero reading is not obtained, repeat Steps 1 through 6.
6. If the lift on any lobe is below specified service limits, install a new camshaft and camshaft valve tappets.
7. Install the spark plugs. REFER to «ENGINE IGNITION - 3.5L»(ref-494612) .

Sprockets

1. Inspect the sprockets for cracks and worn or chipped teeth.

Scheme 979

Camshaft Bearing Journal Diameter

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure each camshaft journal diameter in 2 directions.

Scheme 980

Camshaft Journal to Bearing Clearance - OHC Engines

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure each camshaft bearing in 2 directions.

1. Subtract the camshaft journal diameter from the camshaft bearing diameter.

Scheme 981

Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture 100-002 (TOOL-4201-C) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Using the Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture, measure the camshaft end play.
2. Position the camshaft to the rear of the cylinder head.
3. Zero the Dial Indicator Gauge.
4. Move the camshaft to the front of the cylinder head. Note and record the camshaft end play.

1. If camshaft end play exceeds specifications, install a new camshaft and recheck end play.
2. If camshaft end play exceeds specification after camshaft installation, install a new cylinder head.

Scheme 982

Camshaft Lobe Lift

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture 100-002 (TOOL-4201-C) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Use the Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture to measure camshaft intake/exhaust lobe lift.

1. Rotate the camshaft and subtract the lowest Dial Indicator Gauge reading from the highest Dial Indicator Gauge reading to figure the camshaft lobe lift.

Scheme 983

Camshaft Runout

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture 100-002 (TOOL-4201-C) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Using the Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture, measure the camshaft runout. Camshaft must be supported on the first and last camshaft bearing journal. Rotate the camshaft and subtract the lowest Dial Indicator Gauge reading from the highest Dial Indicator Gauge reading.

Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Diameter

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure each of the crankshaft main bearing journal diameters in at least 2 directions.

Scheme 984

Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Taper and Out-of-Round

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure each of the crankshaft main bearing journal diameters in at least 2 directions at each end of the main bearing journal.

Scheme 985

Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal-to-Bearing Clearance

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Note. Crankshaft main bearing journals must be within specifications before checking journal clearance.

Scheme 986

1. Remove the crankshaft main bearing caps and crankshaft main bearing.
2. Lay a piece of Plastigage across the face of each crankshaft main bearing surface.
3. Install and remove the crankshaft main bearing cap.
4. Verify the crankshaft journal clearance.

Scheme 987

Crankshaft End Play

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture 100-002 (TOOL-4201-C) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Install the Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture.
2. Position the crankshaft to the rear of the cylinder block.
3. Zero the Dial Indicator Gauge.
4. Move the crankshaft to the front of the cylinder block. Note and record the crankshaft end play.

Scheme 988

Connecting Rod Bearing Journal Taper and Out-of-Round

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure the crankshaft connecting rod journal diameters in 2 directions perpendicular to one another at each end of the connecting rod journal. The difference in the measurements from one end to the other is the taper. Verify measurement is within the wear limit.

Cylinder Bore Taper

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure the cylinder bore at the top, middle and bottom of piston ring travel in 2 directions as indicated. Verify the cylinder bore is within the wear limit. The difference indicates the cylinder bore taper. If the cylinder bore taper does not meet specification, bore the cylinder to the next oversize limit.

Scheme 989

Cylinder Bore Out-of-Round

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure the cylinder bore in 2 directions. The difference is the out-of-round.

Scheme 990

Piston Pin Bore Diameter

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure the piston pin bore diameter in 2 directions on each side. Verify the diameter is within specification.

Scheme 991

Piston Diameter

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure the piston diameter 90 degrees from the piston pin and 42 mm (1.65 in) down from the top of the piston at the point indicated.

Scheme 992

Piston To Cylinder Bore Clearance

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Subtract the piston diameter from the cylinder bore diameter to find the piston-to-cylinder bore clearance.

Piston Selection

Note. The cylinder bore must be within the specifications for taper and out-of-round before fitting a piston.

1. Select a piston size based on the cylinder bore.
2. Choose the piston with the correct paint color or specific size grade. Refer to the appropriate Engine article, for the procedure.

Piston Ring End Gap

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Feeler Gauge Set 303-D027 (D81L-4201-A) or equivalent

Scheme 993

Note. Use care when fitting piston rings to avoid possible damage to the piston ring or the cylinder bore.

Note. Piston rings should not be transferred from one piston to another.

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Note. The cylinder bore must be within specification for taper and out-of-round.

Scheme 994

1. Use a piston without rings to push a piston ring in a cylinder to the bottom of ring travel.
2. Use the Feeler Gauge Set to measure the top piston ring end gap and the second piston ring end gap.

Scheme 995

Piston Ring-to-Groove Clearance

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Feeler Gauge Set 303-D027 (D81L-4201-A) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Scheme 996

1. Inspect the piston for ring land damage or accelerated wear.
2. Using the Feeler Gauge Set, measure the piston ring-to-groove clearance.

Scheme 997

Piston Pin Diameter

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure the piston pin diameter in 2 directions at the points shown in illustration. Verify the diameter is within specification.

Scheme 998

Connecting Rod Cleaning

Note. Do not use a caustic cleaning solution or damage to connecting rods can occur.

1. Mark and separate the parts and clean with solvent. Clean the oil passages.

Scheme 999

Connecting Rod Large End Bore

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Tighten the bolts to specification, then measure the bore in 2 directions. The difference is the connecting rod bore out-of-round. Verify the out-of-round is within specification.

Scheme 1000

Connecting Rod Bushing Diameter

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Scheme 1001

1. Use a telescoping gauge to determine the ID of the connecting rod bushing, if equipped.
2. Measure the telescoping gauge with a micrometer. Verify the diameter is within specification.

Scheme 1002

Connecting Rod Bend

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Feeler Gauge Set 303-D027 (D81L-4201-A) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Using the Feeler Gauge Set, measure the connecting rod bend on a suitable alignment fixture. Follow the instructions of the fixture manufacturer. Verify the bend measurement is within specification.

Scheme 1003

Connecting Rod Twist

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Feeler Gauge Set 303-D027 (D81L-4201-A) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Using the Feeler Gauge Set, measure the connecting rod twist on a suitable alignment fixture. Follow the instructions of the fixture manufacturer. Verify the measurement is within specification.

Scheme 1004

Connecting Rod Bearing Journal-to-Bearing Clearance

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Note. The crankshaft connecting rod journals must be within specifications to check the connecting rod bearing journal clearance.

Scheme 1005

Scheme 1006

1. Remove the connecting rod bearing cap.
2. Position a piece of Plastigage across the bearing surface.
3. Install and tighten to specifications, then remove the connecting rod bearing cap.
4. Measure the Plastigage to get the connecting rod bearing journal clearance. The Plastigage should be smooth and flat. A changing width indicates a tapered or damaged connecting rod or connecting rod bearing.

Connecting Rod to Crankshaft Side Clearance

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Feeler Gauge Set 303-D027 (D81L-4201-A) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Using the Feeler Gauge Set, measure the clearance between the connecting rod and the crankshaft. Verify the measurement is within specification.

Scheme 1007

Valve Stem Diameter

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure the diameter of each intake and exhaust valve stem at the points shown in illustration. Verify the diameter is within specification.

Scheme 1008

Scheme 1009

1. Inspect the following valve areas: The end of the stem for grooves or scoring. The valve face and the edge for pits, grooves or scores. The valve head for signs of burning, erosion, warpage and cracking. The valve margin for wear.

Valve Guide Inner Diameter

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Scheme 1010

1. Use a ball gauge to determine the inside diameter of the valve guides in 2 directions at the top, middle and bottom of the valve guide.
2. Measure the ball gauge with a micrometer.
3. If the valve guide is not within specifications, install a new cylinder head assembly.

Valve Stem to Valve Guide Clearance

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Clearance Gauge, Valve Guide 303-004 (TOOL-6505-E) or equivalent Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture 100-002 (TOOL-4201-C) or equivalent

Scheme 1011

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Note. The valve stem diameter must be within specifications before checking valve stem-to-valve guide clearance.

1. Install a Valve Guide Clearance Gauge on the valve stem and install a Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture. Lower the valve until the clearance gauge contacts the upper surface of the valve guide.
2. Move the Valve Guide Clearance Gauge toward the Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture and zero the Dial Indicator Gauge. Move the Valve Guide Clearance Gauge away from the Dial Indicator Gauge with Holding Fixture and note the reading. The reading will be DOUBLE the valve stem-to-valve guide clearance.

Valve Spring Installed Length

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Measure the installed length of each valve spring.

Scheme 1012

Valve Spring Free Length

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Scheme 1013

1. Measure the free length of each valve spring.

Scheme 1014

1. Measure the out-of-square on each valve spring. Turn the valve spring and observe the space between the top of the valve spring and the square. Install a new valve spring if out of square. For additional information, refer to the specification chart in the appropriate Engine article. If out of specification, install new components as necessary. Refer to the appropriate Engine article, for the procedure.

Valve Spring Strength

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Pressure Gauge, Valve/Clutch Spring 303-006 (TOOL-6513-DD) or equivalent

Scheme 1015

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

1. Use the Valve/Clutch Spring Pressure Gauge to check the valve spring for correct strength at the specified valve spring length.

Scheme 1016

Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Note. After grinding valves or valve seats, check valve clearance.

Scheme 1017

1. Check the valve head and seat. Check valve angles. Check margin width. Be sure margin width is within specification.
2. Inspect for abnormalities on the valve face and seat. Install a new cylinder head assembly if abnormalities are found.

Valve Seat Width

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine Mechanical article, for the specification.

Scheme 1018

1. Measure the valve seat width. If necessary, grind the valve seat to specification. Measure the intake valve seat width. Measure the exhaust valve seat width. Recheck the valve spring installed length after the seats have been ground, and shim the valve springs as necessary to achieve the correct installed spring length. Depending on the engine, check the valve lash. Refer to General Procedures in appropriate Engine article.

Valve Seat Runout

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine article, for the specification.

1. Use a valve seat runout gauge to check valve seat runout.

Scheme 1019

Scheme 1020

1. Inspect the flexplate for: Any cracks. Worn ring gear teeth. Chipped or cracked ring gear teeth.

Cylinder Head Distortion

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Feeler Gauge Set 303-D027 (D81L-4201-A) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine article, for the specification.

1. Using a Straightedge and a Feeler Gauge Set, inspect the cylinder head for flatness in the sequence shown in illustration.

Cylinder Block Distortion

SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART Feeler Gauge Set 303-D027 (D81L-4201-A) or equivalent

Note. Refer to the appropriate Engine article, for the specification.

1. Use a Straightedge and a Feeler Gauge Set to inspect the cylinder block for flatness.

Cylinder Bore Cleaning

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

1. Clean the cylinder bores with soap or detergent and water.
2. Thoroughly rinse with clean water and wipe dry with a clean, lint-free cloth.
3. Use a clean, lint-free cloth and lubricate the cylinder bores.

1. Use clean engine oil meeting Ford specification.

Scheme 1021

1. Inspect bearings for the following defects: Cratering - fatigue failure Spot polishing - incorrect seating Imbedded dirty engine oil Scratching - dirty engine oil Base exposed - poor lubrication Both edges worn - journal damaged One edge worn - journal tapered or bearing not seated

Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing

Note. Refer to the appropriate information and procedure for special instructions on loosening and tightening mount fasteners.

1. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. For additional information, refer to «JACKING & LIFTING»(ref-494560) .
2. Loosen, but do not remove, the powertrain/drivetrain mount fasteners.
3. Lower the vehicle.
4. Start the vehicle and move it in forward 0.6-1.2 m (2-4 ft). Then move the vehicle in reverse the same distance.
5. Raise and support the vehicle.
6. Tighten the powertrain/drivetrain mount fasteners.
7. Lower the vehicle.
8. Test the system for normal operation.