Test Description
The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.
- 2 The noise may not be engine related. This step is to verify that the engine is making the noise. If the engine is not making the noise do not proceed further with this table.
- 3 The noise may be an internal engine noise. Removing the drive belts one at a time and operating the engine for a brief period will verify the noise is related to the drive belt. When removing the drive belt the water pump may not be operating and the engine may overheat. Also DTCs may set when the engine is operating with the drive belts removed.
- 4 Inspect all drive belt pulleys for pilling. Pilling is the small balls or pills or it can be strings in the drive belt grooves from the accumulation of rubber dust.
- 6 Misalignment of the pulleys may be caused from improper mounting of the accessory drive component, incorrect installation of the accessory drive component pulley, or the pulley bent inward or outward from a previous repair. Test for a misaligned pulley using a straight edge in the pulley grooves across two or three pulleys. If a misaligned pulley is found refer to that accessory drive component for the proper installation procedure for that pulley.
- 10 Inspecting of the fasteners can eliminate the possibility that a wrong bolt, nut, spacer, or washer was installed.
- 12 Inspecting the pulleys for being bent should include inspecting for a dent or other damage to the pulleys that would prevent the drive belt from not seating properly in all of the pulley grooves or on the smooth surface of a pulley when the back side of the belt is used to drive the pulley.
- 14 This test is to verify that the drive belt tensioner operates properly. If the drive belt tensioner is not operating properly, proper belt tension may not be achieved to keep the drive belt from slipping which could cause a squeal noise.
- 15 This test is to verify that the drive belt is not too long, which would prevent the drive belt tensioner from working properly. Also if an incorrect length drive belt was installed, it may not be routed properly and may be turning an accessory drive component in the wrong direction.
- 16 Misalignment of the pulleys may be caused from improper mounting of the accessory drive component, incorrect installation of the accessory drive component pulley, or the pulley bent inward or outward from a previous repair. Test for a misaligned pulley using a straight edge in the pulley grooves across two or three pulleys. If a misaligned pulley is found refer to that accessory drive component for the proper installation procedure for that pulley.
- 17 This test is to verify that the pulleys are the correct diameter or width. Using a known good vehicle compare the pulley sizes.
- 19 Replacing the drive belt when it is not damaged or there is not excessive pilling will only be a temporary repair.
| Step | Action | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAUTION: Refer to Belt Dressing Caution . DEFINITION: The following items are indications of chirping: A high pitched noise that is heard once per revolution of the drive belt or a pulley. Chirping may occur on cold damp start-ups and will subside once the vehicle reaches normal operating temp. DEFINITION: The following items are indications of drive belt squeal: A loud screeching noise that is caused by a slipping drive belt. This is unusual for a drive belt with multiple ribs. The noise occurs when a heavy load is applied to the drive belt, such as an air conditioning compressor engagement snapping the throttle, or slipping on a seized pulley or a faulty accessory drive component. DEFINITION: The following items are indications of drive belt whine: A high pitched continuous noise. The noise may be caused by an accessory drive component failed bearing. | |||
| 1 | Did you review the Drive Belt Symptom operation and perform the necessary inspections? | Go to Step 2 | Go to Symptoms - Engine Mechanical |
| 2 | Verify that there is a chirping, squeal or whine noise. Does the engine make the chirping squeal or whine noise? | Go to Step 3 | Go to Diagnostic Aids above. |
| 3 | Remove the drive belt. If the engine has multiple drive belts, remove the belts one at a time and perform the test below each time a belt is removed. Operate the engine for no longer than 30-40 seconds. Repeat this test if necessary by removing the remaining belt(s). Does the chirping, squeal or whine noise still exist? | Go to Symptoms - Engine Mechanical | Go to Step 4 |
| 4 | If diagnosing a chirping noise, inspect for severe pilling exceeding 1/3 of the belt groove depth. If diagnosing a squeal or whine noise, proceed to step 13. Do the belt grooves have pilling? | Go to Step 5 | Go to Step 6 |
| 5 | Clean the drive belt pulleys with a suitable wire brush. Did you complete the repair? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 6 |
| 6 | Inspect for misalignment of the pulleys. Are any of the pulleys misaligned? | Go to Step 7 | Go to Step 8 |
| 7 | Replace or repair any misaligned pulleys. Did you complete the repair? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 8 |
| 8 | Inspect for bent or cracked brackets. Did you find any bent or cracked brackets? | Go to Step 9 | Go to Step 10 |
| 9 | Replace any bent or cracked brackets. Did you complete the repair? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 10 |
| 10 | Inspect for improper, loose or missing fasteners. Did you find the condition? | Go to Step 11 | Go to Step 12 |
| 11 | CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution . Tighten any loose fasteners. Refer to Fastener Tightening Specifications (LAF, LEA, or LUK) . Replace any improper or missing fasteners. Did you complete the repair? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 12 |
| 12 | Inspect for a bent pulley. Did you find the condition? | Go to Step 18 | Go to Step 19 |
| 13 | Inspect for an accessory drive component seized bearing or a faulty accessory drive component. If diagnosing a whine noise and the condition still exist, proceed to Diagnostic Aids. Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 14 |
| 14 | Test the drive belt tensioner for proper operation. Refer to Drive Belt Tensioner Diagnosis . Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 15 |
| 15 | Inspect for the correct drive belt length. Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 16 |
| 16 | Inspect for misalignment of a pulley. Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 17 |
| 17 | Inspect for the correct pulley size. Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Diagnostic Aids above. |
| 18 | Replace the bent pulley. Did you complete the repair? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 19 |
| 19 | Replace the drive belt. Refer to Drive Belt Replacement . Did you complete the repair? | Go to Step 20 | Go to appropriate Diagnostic Aids above. |
| 20 | Operate the system in order to verify the repair. Did you correct the condition? | System OK | Go to Step 3 |
| CAUTION |
|---|
| Refer to Belt Dressing Caution . |
| CAUTION |
|---|
| Refer to Fastener Caution . |
Drive Belt Chirping, Squeal, and Whine Diagnosis
The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.
- 2 This test is to verify that the symptom is present during diagnosing. Other vehicle components may cause a similar symptom.
- 3 This test is to verify that one of the drive belts is causing the rumbling noise or vibration. Rumbling noise may be confused with an internal engine noise due to the similarity in the description. Remove only one drive belt at a time if the vehicle has multiple drive belts. When removing the drive belts the water pump may not be operating and the engine may overheat. Also DTCs may set when the engine is operating with the drive belts removed.
- 4 Inspecting the drive belts is to ensure that they are not causing the noise. Small cracks across the ribs of the drive belt will not cause the noise. Belt separation is identified by the plays of the belt separating and may be seen at the edge of the belt our felt as a lump in the belt.
- 5 Small amounts of pilling is normal condition and acceptable. When the pilling is severe the drive belt does not have a smooth surface for proper operation.
- 9 Inspecting of the fasteners can eliminate the possibility that the wrong bolt, nut, spacer, or washer was installed.
- 11 This step should only be performed if the water pump is driven by the drive belt. Inspect the water pump shaft for being bent. Also inspect the water pump bearings for smooth operation and excessive play. Compare the water pump with a known good water pump.
- 12 Accessory drive component brackets that are bent, cracked, or loose may put extra strain on that accessory component causing it to vibrate.
| Step | Action | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAUTION: Refer to Belt Dressing Caution . DEFINITION: The following items are indications of drive belt rumbling: A low pitch tapping, knocking, or thumping noise heard at or just above idle. Heard once per revolution of the drive belt or a pulley. Rumbling may be caused from: Pilling, the accumulation of rubber dust that forms small balls (pills) or strings in the drive belt pulley groove The separation of the drive belt A damaged drive belt DEFINITION: The following items are indications of drive belt vibration: The vibration is engine-speed related. The vibration may be sensitive to accessory load. | |||
| 1 | Did you review the Drive Belt Symptom operation and perform the necessary inspections? | Go to Step 2 | Go to Symptoms - Engine Mechanical |
| 2 | Verify that there is a rumbling noise or that the vibration is engine related. Does the engine make the rumbling noise or vibration? | Go to Step 3 | Go to Diagnostic Aids above. |
| 3 | Remove the drive belt. If the engine has multiple drive belts, remove the belts one at a time and perform the test below each time a belt is removed. Operate the engine for no longer than 30-40 seconds. Repeat this test if necessary by removing the remaining belt(s). Does the rumbling or vibration still exist? | Go to Symptoms - Engine Mechanical or Go to Vibration Analysis - Engine | Go to Step 4 |
| 4 | Inspect the drive belts for wear, damage, separation, sections of missing ribs, and debris build-up. Did you find any of these conditions? | Go to Step 7 | Go to Step 5 |
| 5 | Inspect for severe pilling of more than 1/3 of the drive belt pulley grooves. Did you find severe pilling? | Go to Step 6 | Go to Step 7 |
| 6 | Clean the drive belt pulleys using a suitable wire brush. Reinstall the drive belts. Refer to Drive Belt Replacement . Did you correct the condition? | Go to Step 8 | Go to Step 7 |
| 7 | Install a new drive belt. Refer to Drive Belt Replacement . Did you complete the replacement? | Go to Step 8 | Go to Step 9 |
| 8 | Operate the system in order to verify the repair. Did you correct the condition? | System OK | Go to Step 9 |
| 9 | Inspect for improper, loose or missing fasteners. Did you find any of these conditions? | Go to Step 10 | Go to Step 11 |
| 10 | Tighten any loose fasteners. Refer to Fastener Tightening Specifications (LEA) . Replace improper or missing fasteners. Did you complete the repair? | Go to Step 13 | Go to Step 11 |
| 11 | Inspect for a bent water pump shaft. Refer to Water Pump Replacement (L4) . Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 13 | Go to Step 12 |
| 12 | Inspect for bent or cracked brackets. Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 13 | Go to Diagnostic Aids above. |
| 13 | Operate the system in order to verify the repair. Did you correct the condition? | System OK | Go to Step 3 |
| CAUTION |
|---|
| Refer to Belt Dressing Caution . |
Drive Belt Rumbling and Vibration Diagnosis
The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.
- 2 This inspection is to verify the condition of the drive belt. Damage may of occurred to the drive belt when the drive belt fell off. The drive belt may of been damaged, which caused the drive belt to fall off. Inspect the belt for cuts, tears, sections of ribs missing, or damaged belt plys.
- 4 Misalignment of the pulleys may be caused from improper mounting of the accessory drive component, incorrect installation of the accessory drive component pulley, or the pulley bent inward or outward from a previous repair. Test for a misaligned pulley using a straight edge in the pulley grooves across two or three pulleys. If a misaligned pulley is found refer to that accessory drive component for the proper installation procedure of that pulley.
- 5 Inspecting the pulleys for being bent should include inspecting for a dent or other damage to the pulleys that would prevent the drive belt from not seating properly in all of the pulley grooves or on the smooth surface of a pulley when the back side of the belt is used to drive the pulley.
- 6 Accessory drive component brackets that are bent or cracked will let the drive belt fall off.
- 7 Inspecting of the fasteners can eliminate the possibility that a wrong bolt, nut, spacer, or washer was installed. Missing. loose, or the wrong fasteners may cause pulley misalignment from the bracket moving under load. Over tightening of the fasteners may cause misalignment of the accessory component bracket.
- 13 The inspection is to verify the drive belt is correctly installed on all of the drive belt pulleys. Wear on the drive belt may be caused by mis-positioning the drive belt by one groove on a pulley.
- 14 The installation of a drive belt that is two wide or two narrow will cause wear on the drive belt. The drive belt ribs should match all of the grooves on all of the pulleys.
- 15 This inspection is to verify the drive belt is not contacting any parts of the engine or body while the engine is operating. There should be sufficient clearance when the drive belt accessory drive components load varies. The drive belt should not come in contact with an engine or a body component when snapping the throttle.
| Step | Action | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAUTION: Refer to Belt Dressing Caution . DEFINITION: The drive belt falls off the pulleys or may not ride correctly on the pulleys.DEFINITION: Wear at the outside ribs of the drive belt due to an incorrectly installed drive belt. | |||
| 1 | Did you review the Drive Belt Symptom operation and perform the necessary inspections? | Go to Step 2 | Go to Symptoms - Engine Mechanical |
| 2 | If diagnosing excessive wear, proceed to step 13. If diagnosing a drive belt that falls off, inspect for a damaged drive belt. Did you find the condition? | Go to Step 3 | Go to Step 4 |
| 3 | Install a new drive belt. Refer to Drive Belt Replacement . Does the drive belt continue to fall off? | Go to Step 4 | System OK |
| 4 | Inspect for misalignment of the pulleys. Did you find and repair the condition? | Go to Step 12 | Go to Step 5 |
| 5 | Inspect for a bent or dented pulley. Did you find and repair the condition? | Go to Step 12 | Go to Step 6 |
| 6 | Inspect for a bent or a cracked bracket. Did you find and repair the condition? | Go to Step 12 | Go to Step 7 |
| 7 | Inspect for improper, loose or missing fasteners. Did you find loose or missing fasteners? | Go to Step 8 | Go to Step 9 |
| 8 | CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution . Tighten any loose fasteners. Refer to Fastener Tightening Specifications (LEA) . Replace improper or missing fasteners. Does the drive belt continue to fall off? | Go to Step 9 | System OK |
| 9 | Test the drive belt tensioner for operating correctly. Refer to Drive Belt Tensioner Diagnosis . Does the drive belt tensioner operate correctly? | Go to Step 11 | Go to Step 10 |
| 10 | Replace the drive belt tensioner. Refer to Drive Belt Tensioner Replacement . Does the drive belt continue to fall off? | Go to Step 11 | System OK |
| 11 | Inspect for failed drive belt idler and drive belt tensioner pulley bearings. Did you find and repair the condition? | Go to Step 12 | Go to Diagnostic Aids above. |
| 12 | Operate the system in order to verify the repair. Did you correct the condition? | System OK | Go to Step 2 |
| 13 | Inspect the drive belt for the proper installation. Refer to Drive Belt Replacement . Did you find this condition? | Go to Step 16 | Go to Step 14 |
| 14 | Inspect for the proper drive belt. Did you find this condition? | Go to Step 16 | Go to Step 15 |
| 15 | Inspect for the drive belt rubbing against a bracket, hose, or wiring harness. Did you find and repair the condition? | Go to Step 17 | Go to Diagnostic Aids above. |
| 16 | Replace the drive belt. Refer to Drive Belt Replacement . Did you complete the replacement? | Go to Step 17 | |
| 17 | Operate the system in order to verify the repair. Did you correct the condition? | System OK | |
| CAUTION |
|---|
| Refer to Belt Dressing Caution . |
| CAUTION |
|---|
| Refer to Fastener Caution . |
Drive Belt Falls Off and Excessive Wear Diagnosis
Valve Measurement and Reconditioning Overview
- Proper valve service is critical to engine performance. Therefore, all detailed measurement procedures must be followed to identify components that are out of specification.
- If the measurement procedures reveal that the valve or valve seat must be reconditioned, it is critical to perform the measurement procedures after reconditioning.
General Description
A crankcase ventilation system is used to consume crankcase vapors in the combustion process instead of venting them to atmosphere. Fresh air from the intake system is supplied to the crankcase, mixed with blow by gases and then passed through a calibrated orifice into the intake manifold.
Scheme 1
The primary control is through the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) orifice which meters the flow at a rate depending on inlet vacuum. The PCV orifice is an integral part of the camshaft cover. If abnormal operating conditions occur, the system is designed to allow excessive amounts of blow by gases to back flow through the crankcase vent into the intake system to be consumed by normal combustion.
Results of Incorrect Operation
A plugged orifice may cause the following conditions
- Rough idle
- Stalling or slow idle speed
- Oil leaks
- Sludge in engine
A leaking orifice may cause the following conditions
- Rough idle
- Stalling
- High idle speed
Drive Belt System Description
The drive belt system consists of the following components
- The drive belt
- The drive belt tensioner
- The drive belt idler pulley
- The crankshaft balancer pulley
- The accessory drive component mounting brackets
- The accessory drive components The power steering pump, if belt driven The generator The A/C compressor, if equipped The engine cooling fan, if belt driven The water pump, if belt driven The vacuum pump, if equipped The air compressor, if equipped
The drive belt system may use one belt or two belts. The drive belt is thin so that it can bend backward and has several ribs to match the grooves in the pulleys. There also may be a V-belt style belt used to drive certain accessory drive components. The drive belts are made of different types of rubber (chloroprene or EPDM) and have different layers or plys containing either fiber cloth or cords for reinforcement.
Both sides of the drive belt may be used to drive the different accessory drive components. When the back side of the drive belt is used to drive a pulley, the pulley is smooth.
The drive belt is pulled by the crankshaft balancer pulley across the accessory drive component pulleys. The spring loaded drive belt tensioner keeps constant tension on the drive belt to prevent the drive belt from slipping. The drive belt tensioner arm will move when loads are applied to the drive belt by the accessory drive components and the crankshaft.
The drive belt system may have an idler pulley, which is used to add wrap to the adjacent pulleys. Some systems use an idler pulley in place of an accessory drive component when the vehicle is not equipped with the accessory.
Engine Description
Cylinder Block
The cylinder block is constructed of aluminum alloy by precision sand-casting with 4 cast-in-place iron cylinder liners arranged in-line. The block has 5 crankshaft bearings with the thrust bearing located on the second bearing from the front of the engine. The cylinder block incorporates a bedplate design that forms an upper and lower crankcase. This design promotes cylinder block rigidity and reduced noise and vibration.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is cast nodular iron with 8 counterweights. The number 8 counterweight is also the ignition system reluctor wheel. The main bearing journals are cross-drilled, and the upper bearings are grooved. The crankshaft has a slip fit balance shaft drove sprocket. Number 2 main bearing is the thrust bearing. The crankshaft balancer is used to control torsional vibration.
Connecting Rod and Piston
The connecting rods are powdered metal. The connecting rod incorporates the floating piston pin. The pistons are cast aluminum. The piston rings are of a low tension type to reduce friction. The top compression ring is ductile iron with a molybdenum facing and phosphate coated sides. The second compression ring is gray iron. The oil ring is a 3-piece spring construction with chromium plating.
Oil Pan
The oil pan is die cast aluminum. The oil pan includes an attachment to the transmission to provide additional structural support.
Balance Shaft Assembly
There are 2 block mounted balance shafts located on each side of the crankcase at the bottom of the cylinder bores. The balance shafts are driven by a single roller chain that also drives the water pump. The chain is tensioned by a hydraulic tensioner that is supplied pressure by the engine oil pump. This design promotes the maximum effectiveness of the balance shaft system and reduces noise and vibration.
Cylinder Head
The cylinder head is a semi-permanent mold. Pressed-in powdered metal valve guides and valve seat insets are used. The fuel injection nozzle is located in the intake port. The cylinder head incorporates camshaft journals and camshaft caps.
Valves
There are 2 intake and 2 exhaust valves per cylinder. Rotators are used on all of the intake valves. The rotators are located at the bottom of the valve spring to reduce valve train reciprocating mass. Positive valve stem seals are used on all valves.
Camshaft
Two camshafts are used, one for all intake valves, the other for all exhaust valves. The camshafts are cast iron.
Valve Lash Adjusters
The valve train uses a roller finger follower acted on by a hydraulic lash adjuster. The roller finger follower reduces friction and noise.
Camshaft Cover
The camshaft cover has a steel crankcase ventilation baffling incorporated. The camshaft cover has mounting locations for the ignition system.
Camshaft Drive
A roller chain is used for camshaft drive. There is a tensioner and active guide used on the slack side of the chain to control chain motion and noise. The chain drive promotes long valve train life and low maintenance.
Intake and Exhaust Manifold
The intake manifold is made of composite plastic. The exhaust manifold is cast iron. The intake manifold incorporates a distribution and control system for positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) gases. The exhaust manifold is a dual plane design that promotes good low end torque and performance.
Scheme 2
Oil is applied under pressure to the crankshaft (1), connecting rods, balance shaft assembly, camshaft bearing surfaces, valve lash adjusters and timing chain hydraulic tensioner. All other moving parts are lubricated by gravity flow or splash. Oil enters the gerotor type oil pump through a fixed inlet screen. The oil pump is driven by the crankshaft. The oil pump body is within the engine front cover. The pressurized oil from the pump passes through the oil filter. The oil filter is located on the right (front) side of the engine block. The oil filter is housed in a casting that is integrated with the engine block. The oil filter is a disposable cartridge type. A by-pass valve in the filter cap allows continuous oil flow in case the oil filter should become restricted. Oil then enters the gallery where it is distributed to the balance shafts, crankshaft, camshafts and camshaft timing chain oiler nozzle. The connecting rod bearings are oiled by constant oil flow passages through the crankshaft connecting the main journals to the rod journals. A groove around each upper main bearing furnishes oil to the drilled crankshaft passages. The pressurized oil passes through the cylinder head restrictor orifice into the cylinder head and then into each camshaft feed gallery. Cast passages feed each hydraulic element adjuster and drilled passages feed each camshaft bearing surface. An engine oil pressure switch or sensor is installed at the end. Oil returns to the oil pan through passages cast into the cylinder head. The timing chain lubrication drains directly into the oil pan.