Object Detection System and Parking Assist System: Overview GMC Sierra III

Circuit/System Description

The B218L Side Object Sensor Module - Left or B218R Side Object Sensor Module - Right can set this code if the module determines there is a fault due to the reason listed in the symptom byte.

The side blind zone alert system sensors are located behind the rear fascia and detect and report objects on either side of the vehicle, within a specified blind zone. The system alerts with a visual indicator placed on each side rear view mirror, to the presence of objects that may not be visible in the inside rearview mirror and outside rearview mirrors. When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone while driving forward, independent if passing a vehicle or being passed, an amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing and a chime sounds to give an extra warning not to change lanes. The side object sensor module provides the voltage to the outside rearview mirror to illuminate the side blind zone alert symbol on the mirror.

Side blind zone alert is active from speeds of 10 km/h (6.2 MPH) up to 140 km/h (87 MPH). Driving faster deactivates the system, indicated by low lighting warning symbols in the mirrors. Driving under this speed again will turn off the warning symbols. If then a vehicle is detected in blind zone, the warning symbols will illuminate normally on the appropriate side. When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating.

The object sensors are 3-wire sensors that are used to determine the distance between the vehicle and an object of interest. The front and rear parking assist control module supplies 8 V to the object sensors via the 8 V reference circuit and provides ground via the low reference circuit. The front and rear parking assist control module triggers the sensors in a sequential loop. After each sensor transmits, the front and rear parking assist control module uses the sensor echo received through the signal circuit to calculate the distance and position of an object.

The object sensors are 3-wire sensors that are used to determine the distance between the vehicle and an object of interest. The front and rear parking assist control module supplies 8 V to the object sensors via the 8 V reference circuit and provides ground via the low reference circuit. The front and rear parking assist control module triggers the sensors in a sequential loop. After each sensor transmits, the front and rear parking assist control module uses the sensor echo received through the signal circuit to calculate the distance and position of an object.

The parking assist can be enabled/disabled by pressing the parking assist switch. If the parking assist is enabled, engaging the reverse gear activates the parking assist feature. By subsequently pressing the parking assist switch the parking assist can be disabled.

The indicator in the parking assist switch shows the status of the parking assist. If the lamp is ON, parking assist is enabled.

For vehicles without UGN, the indicator and switch are connected to the front and rear parking assist control module and the system operates as a stand-alone feature.

With UGN, the indicator and switch are connected to the active safety control module. The active safety control module receives input from several modules including the front and rear parking assist control module to provide additional features. Refer to Object Detection Description and Operation (with active safety system, UGN) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with front and rear park assist, UD5) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rear park assist, UD7) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with Side Blind Zone Alert, UFT) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rear cross traffic alert, UFG) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with lane departure warning, UFL) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with forward collision alert, UEU) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with haptic signal motor seat) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rearview camera, UVC) for additional information on UGN. The park assist alerts and DTCs originate from the front and rear parking assist control module with the exception of the indicator DTCs which are set by the active safety control module. There are no switch DTCs for vehicles with the active safety control module.

The lane departure warning is enabled and disabled through a switch located in the left steering wheel controls switch. When enabled, the frontview camera module will illuminate the indicator located in the switch.

The front view camera module permanently monitors the serial data bus for error messages. When a malfunction is detected by the front view camera module, the system will be disabled and an error message will be stored in the front view camera module disable history buffer which is used to store information about the front camera features that are disabled.

When the ignition is turned ON, the advanced rear parking assist control module and the vehicle direction camera control module receives the vehicle identification number (VIN) from the body control module. The advanced control module will compare the VIN received to the VIN stored in memory.

When the vehicle is placed in reverse with the engine running, a voltage signal is sent to the rearview camera to turn on and send a video signal to the human machine interface control module. If the human machine interface control module does not see a signal from the camera it will set B127B 2B and display "Service Rear Vision System".

The object sensors are 3-wire sensors that are used to determine the distance between the vehicle and an object of interest. The parking assist control module supplies 8 V to the object sensors via the object sensor supply voltage circuit and provides ground via the object sensor low reference circuit. The parking assist control module triggers the sensors in a sequential loop. After each sensor transmits, the parking assist control module uses the sensor echo received through the object sensor signal circuit to calculate the distance and position of an object.

The object sensors are 3-wire sensors that are used to determine the distance between the vehicle and an object of interest. The parking assist control module supplies 8 V to the object sensors via the object sensor supply voltage circuit and provides ground via the object sensor low reference circuit. The parking assist control module triggers the sensors in a sequential loop. After each sensor transmits, the parking assist control module uses the sensor echo received through the object sensor signal circuit to calculate the distance and position of an object.

The haptic seats, also known as Active Safety Seats, provide a vibration to alert the driver in certain circumstances. There are two motors in the driver's seat cushion. Either the right or left motor can run or both depending on the alert. The seat memory control module provides the output voltage for the motors. The seat memory control module receives serial data requests from other modules to activate the appropriate seat motors with the number of pulses requested. While the motors are activated, the seat memory control module checks for either shorts to voltage or shorts to ground. Due to the nature of the PWM signal, if a motor circuit is open, it may be reported as either a short to voltage or short to ground.

The Vehicle Direction Warning Switch DTC detects a short to ground on the circuit that contains the lane departure warning and forward collision setting switches. The lane departure warning feature is enabled and disabled through the lane departure switch located in the left steering wheel controls switch. When enabled, the frontview camera module will illuminate the indicator located in the switch. The forward collision alert distance is adjustable using the forward collision switch located in the left steering wheel controls switch. The setting is shown in the driver information center.

The B233 Radar Sensor Module - Short Range can set this code if it determines there is a fault due to the reason listed in the symptom byte.

The B233B Radar Sensor Module - Long Range could not auto align properly as a result of the module being out of position. After alignment calibration process has begun, the B233B Radar Sensor Module - Long Range will attempt to align itself for approximately 30 minutes of driving time.

The frontview camera module has determined that it is not properly mounted.

The active safety control module is constantly sending a serial data message to the engine control module requesting engine speed or torque reduction. The engine control module sets DTC P15F6 when it detects a discrepancy in the structure of the message causing the integrity of the message to be questioned. An intermittent fault in the serial data circuits will cause the engine control module to set DTC P15F6.

The haptic seats, also known as Active Safety Seats, provide a vibration to alert the driver in certain circumstances. There are two motors in the driver's seat cushion. Either the right or left motor can run or both depending on the alert. The seat memory control module provides the output voltage for the motors. The seat memory control module receives serial data requests from other modules to activate the appropriate seat motors with the number of pulses requested. While the motors are activated, the seat memory control module checks for either shorts to voltage or shorts to ground. Due to the nature of the PWM signal, if a motor circuit is open, it may be reported as either a short to voltage or short to ground.

The forward collision alert system is controlled by the frontview camera module mounted on the windshield. The system is designed to detect vehicles directly ahead, within a distance of approximately 60 meters (197 ft). The forward collision alert system operates at speeds above 40 km/h (25 mph). When the system detects a vehicle in the path ahead, the green vehicle ahead alert indicator in the driver information center is illuminated. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash and the radio will beep or the haptic seat will pulse, depending on user configuration. The red collision alert display will stay continuously illuminated if the vehicle ahead remains much too close. These actions are requested by the frontview camera module via serial data. The forward collision alert switch is part of the left steering wheel controls and is used to adjust the timing sensitivity of the front collision alert system.

The lane departure warning system is enabled and disabled through the lane departure switch. When enabled, the lane departure warning indicator will illuminate. The switch and indicator are connected to the Frontview Camera Module. The Frontview Camera module supplies a reference voltage to the lane departure switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is grounded. When enabled, the Frontview Camera Module will illuminate the indicator located in the switch when lane departure warning system is enabled.

When the system is operating and can detect the lane markings, the Frontview Camera Module will request via serial data communications that the instrument cluster illuminates the green lane departure ready-to-assist indicator. If the Frontview Camera Module detects that the vehicle unintentionally crosses a lane marking without the turn signal being used, the module will request the vehicle direction display to flash the amber lane departure warning indicator. An audible warning will also sound three times when the amber lane departure warning indicator in the vehicle direction display is flashing.

The forward collision alert system is controlled by the front view camera module mounted on the windshield. The forward collision alert system is always active and operates at speeds above 40 km/h (25 mph). When the system detects a vehicle in the path ahead, the green vehicle ahead alert indicator in the vehicle direction display is illuminated. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash in the display located in the center of the instrument panel and the radio will simultaneously give an audible alert sound. The red collision alert display will stay continuously illuminated if the vehicle ahead remains much too close. These actions are requested by the front view camera module via serial data to the instrument cluster. The instrument cluster provides the ground path to turn on the appropriate LEDs. The forward collision alert switch is part of the left steering wheel controls and is used to adjust the timing sensitivity of the front collision alert system.

The parking assist system is enabled and disabled through the parking assist switch. When enabled, the parking assist indicator will illuminate.

For vehicles without UGN, the switch and indicator are connected to the front and rear parking assist control module. The front and rear parking assist control module supplies a reference voltage to the parking assist switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is grounded. The front and rear parking assist control module can control the park assist indicator by grounding the control circuit to illuminate the LED which indicates that the system is enabled.

With UGN, the indicator and switch are connected to the active safety control module. The active safety control module receives input from several modules including the front and rear parking assist control module to provide additional features. Refer to Object Detection Description and Operation (with active safety system, UGN) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with front and rear park assist, UD5) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rear park assist, UD7) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with Side Blind Zone Alert, UFT) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rear cross traffic alert, UFG) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with lane departure warning, UFL) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with forward collision alert, UEU) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with haptic signal motor seat) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rearview camera, UVC) for additional information on UGN. The parking assist alerts and DTCs are from the front and rear parking assist control module with the exception of the indicator DTCs which are sent by the active safety control module. There are no switch DTCs for vehicles with the active safety control module.

The front and rear parking assist control module supplies an 8V reference voltage and a low reference to the object sensors. The sensors will return a signal based on the reflections from objects within range of the sensors.

When an object is detected, the front and rear parking assist control module will send serial data to the radio and memory seat module to provide either an audible alert or haptic feedback through the active safety seat. The driver can select between audible or haptic alerts in the vehicle personalization menu.

The side object sensor modules are located on each side of the vehicle behind the rear fascia and are not directly visible from outside the vehicle. The same sensors are also used for side blind zone alert. The sensors use radar to determine the presence of objects near the back of the vehicle. When an object is detected in the rear cross traffic zone, the module will send out a signal through serial data communication to turn on the visual icons and also audio chime or haptic notification. Each sensor is supplied B+ and ground. The right sensor receives an additional ground. Both sensors communicate independently on the serial data line. The serial data enters the left sensor in a pass-thru configuration, that connects to the right sensor. The scan tool is able to individually communicate with each sensor.

When the transmission is placed into REVERSE, a 12 V signal is sent to the B87 Rearview Camera indicating that camera operation is requested. Ignition voltage and ground are supplied to the rearview camera. The rearview camera sends video information to the K74 Human Machine Interface Control Module through a video signal + and a video signal - circuit. A grounded shielding also wraps the video signal circuits to reduce electronic interference which may degrade the video signal and cause a distorted or otherwise degraded image.

When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone while driving, the left or right side object sensor will supply power to the appropriate outside rearview mirror. Ground is provided through the outside rearview mirror harness. The amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing as an extra warning not to change lanes. An audible alert will also sound.

Side blind zone alert is active when the vehicle is out of park or the parking brake is off on manual transmission vehicles and at speeds up to approximately 140 km/h (87 MPH). If a vehicle is detected in the blind zone, the warning symbols will turn illuminate on the appropriate side. When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions.

The lane departure warning system is enabled and disabled through the lane departure switch. When enabled, the lane departure warning indicator will illuminate.

For vehicles without UGN, the switch and indicator are connected to the frontview camera module. The frontview camera module supplies a reference voltage to the lane departure switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is grounded. When enabled, the frontview camera module will illuminate the indicator located in the switch when lane departure warning system is enabled.

With UGN, the indicator and switch are connected to the active safety control module. The active safety control module receives input from several modules including the front and rear parking assist control module to provide additional features. Refer to Object Detection Description and Operation (with active safety system, UGN) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with front and rear park assist, UD5) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rear park assist, UD7) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with Side Blind Zone Alert, UFT) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rear cross traffic alert, UFG) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with lane departure warning, UFL) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with forward collision alert, UEU) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with haptic signal motor seat) , Object Detection Description and Operation (with rearview camera, UVC) for additional information on UGN. The lane departure warning alerts and DTCs are from the frontview camera module with the exception of the indicator DTCs which are sent by the active safety control module. There are no switch DTCs for vehicles with the active safety control module.

When the system is operating and can detect the lane markings, the frontview camera module will request via serial data communications that the instrument cluster illuminate the green lane departure warning symbol. If the frontview camera module detects that the vehicle unintentionally crosses a lane marking without the turn signal being used, the module will request the instrument cluster to flash the amber lane departure warning indicator. An audible warning will also sound three times when the amber lane departure warning indicator in the instrument cluster is flashing.

Component Descriptions

Active Safety Control Module

The Active Safety Control Module analyzes data from various modules, sensors, and switches to provide enhanced safety features. Inputs and outputs can either be connected directly to the Active Safety Control Module or communicate though serial data. The Active Safety Control Module communicates on a dedicated Object Bus to all four radar sensor modules and the Frontview Camera Module. A problem on the Object Bus may result in multiple DTCs since the Active Safety Control Module may not be able to communicate with some or all modules on the bus. See Data Link Communications Description and Operation for more serial data information.

The Active Safety Control Module will alert the driver to a vehicle ahead and provide forward collision alert and lane departure warnings. The alerts and warnings can be user-selected to be audible through the audio system or haptic using the Active Safety Seat. In addition, the Active Safety Control Module will provide driver assistance through integrated brake assist, automatic collision preparation, rear emergency braking, and adaptive cruise control.

If there is a DTC set in any of the modules that the Active Safety Control Module uses as inputs, it will send a "Service Driver Assist" to the instrument cluster to alert the driver of a problem with the system. No other specific details are given unless the driver attempts to activate a specific system. For example if the driver attempts to turn on Lane Departure Warning, the instrument cluster will display "Lane Departure Unavailable" and the indictor will flash and then go out. A scan tool must be used to read the DTCs that are causing the malfunction to help find the problem.

1. Active Safety Control Module Inputs: Park Assist Switch Lane Departure Warning Switch Forward Collision Alert Switch Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Left Front Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Right Front Radar Sensor Module - Long Range Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Rear Frontview Camera Module Front and Rear Park Assist Module Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Wheel Speed Sensors Steering Wheel Angle Sensor EBCM
2. Active Safety Control Module Outputs: ECM TCM EBCM ONSTAR BCM Memory Seat Module (for haptic seat alerts) Instrument Cluster (for alerts and heads up display if equipped) Radio (for audio alerts) Park Assist Switch Indicator Lane Departure Warning Switch Indicator

Parking Assist Switch

Parking assist can be activated or deactivated by pressing the parking assist switch. See owners manual for exact location of the park assist switch. The Parking Assist Switch is hard-wired to the Active Safety Control Module. The switch contains a LED that is controlled by the Active Safety Control Module to indicate if the parking assist feature is enabled.

Lane Departure Warning Switch

The Lane Departure Warning feature can be activated or deactivated by pressing the Lane Departure Warning Switch. See owners manual for exact location of the Lane Departure Warning Switch. The Lane Departure Warning Switch is hard-wired to the Active Safety Control Module. The switch contains a LED that is controlled by the Active Safety Control Module to indicate if lane departure warning feature is enabled.

Forward Collision Alert Switch

The Forward Collision Alert System can be adjusted to set the range of the warning by pressing the Forward Collision Alert Switch. The Forward Collision Alert can be set to Far, Medium, Near, or Off. See owners manual for exact location of the Forward Collision Alert Switch. The Forward Collision Alert Switch is hard-wired to the Body Control Module and is communicated to the Active Safety Control Module through serial data.

Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Left Front

The Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Left Front is located behind the front bumper fascia and detects objects out to approximately 30 meters (98 ft). The Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Left Front communicates on the Object Bus to the Active Safety Control Module.

Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Right Front

The Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Right Front is located behind the front bumper fascia and detects objects out to approximately 30 meters (98 ft). The Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Right Front communicates on the Object Bus to the Active Safety Control Module.

Radar Sensor Module - Long Range

The Radar Sensor Module - Long Range is located behind the front grille emblem and is used in the 30-200 meters (98-656 ft) range. The Radar Sensor Module - Long Range communicates on the Object Bus to the Active Safety Control Module. In addition to the wiring harness ground, the module is grounded through the mounting bracket.

Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Rear

The Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Rear is located behind the rear bumper fascia and detects objects out to approximately 30 meters (98 ft). The Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Rear communicates on the Object Bus to the Active Safety Control Module. The Radar Sensor Module - Short Range Rear output data, along with the rear park assist output data, is used for rear emergency automatic braking.

Frontview Camera Module

The Frontview Camera Module is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detects lane markings and vehicles directly ahead, within a distance of approximately 60 meters (197 ft). The Frontview Camera Module is used for lane departure warning and forward collision alert systems. The Frontview Camera Module communicates on the Object Bus to the Active Safety Control Module.

Front and Rear Park Assist Module

The Front and Rear Park Assist Module uses ultrasonic object sensors located in the front and rear bumper fascia to provide distance measurements to nearby objects. The Front and Rear Park Assist Module sends rear object data to the Active Safety Control Module on the Low Speed GMLAN.

Object Detection Description and Operation (with front and rear park assist, UD5)

The parking assist system is designed to identify and notify the driver of an object in the vehicle path when moving forward or reversing at speeds of less than 8 km/h (5 MPH). The distance and location of the object is determined by 8 object sensors: 4 located in the rear bumper and 4 located in the front bumper. The parking assist system will notify the driver using audible beeps through the radio or haptic pulses through the driver's seat. The driver can select between audible or haptic alerts in the vehicle personalization menus. See the user's manual for more detailed information on vehicle personalization.

The parking assist system is made up of the following components

1. Parking assist control module
2. Front object sensors
3. Rear object sensors
4. Parking assist switch
5. Parking assist indicator
6. Radio
7. Safety Alert Seat, if equipped.

Parking Assist Control Module

The parking assist control module provides a reference voltage and a low reference to the 8 object alarm sensors. The parking assist control module receives individual signals from each of the 8 sensors and determines the location and distance of an object based on these inputs. When an object is detected, the parking assist control module will send a data message via serial data to the radio requesting an audible alert.

Object Sensors

The object sensors are located in the front and rear bumpers of the vehicle. The sensors are used to determine the distance between an object and the bumper. Each sensor emits an ultrasonic frequency which is reflected off any object located in front of or behind the vehicle. These reflections are received by the sensors. The time difference between the emission of the frequency and when the reflection is received is known as sensor echo time, it is used to determine the distance to the object. The sensors report this information to the parking assist control module.

Parking Assist Switch

The parking assist can be activated and deactivated by pressing the parking assist switch. By engaging the reverse gear the parking assist can also be activated. By subsequently pressing the parking assist switch the parking assist can be disabled again.

Parking Assist Indicator

The indicator in the parking assist switch shows the status of the parking assist. If the lamp is ON, the parking assist is activated.

Radio

The radio controls the audible alert for the park assist alert. If the an object is detected the radio will command beeps as an audible alert to the driver.

Safety Alert Seat

The memory seat module controls the haptic alert provided by the seats. If an object is detected, the memory seat module will command pulses to the driver's seat.

Parking Assist Operation

When an object is within the measuring range of the sensor, the ultrasonic pulse is reflected and is received by the sending or a neighboring sensor. The sensor converts this signal into a voltage signal and sends this signal to the parking assist control module. The parking assist control module evaluates the received sensor signals. As soon as an object is within the measuring range, the parking assist control module sends a message via serial data to either the radio or seat module to provide an alert signal.

The parking assist system can detect objects greater than 7.6 cm (3 in) wide and 25.4 cm (10 in) tall. The system cannot detect objects below the bumper, underneath the vehicle. If an object is detected, one of the following will occur

1. The measuring range of the front object sensors is between 30-120 cm (11.8-47.2 in). From a distance of 120 cm (47.2 in), the acoustic signal is active. The frequency of the beep sound increases with decreasing distance. From a distance less than 30 cm (11.8 in), the sound becomes continuous.
2. The measuring range of the rear object sensors is between 30-250 cm (11.8-98.4 in). From a distance of 250 cm (98.4 in), the acoustic signal is active. The frequency of the beep sound increases with decreasing distance. From a distance less than 30 cm (11.8 in), the sound becomes continuous.

The parking assist can be activated and deactivated by pressing the parking assist switch. When REVERSE gear is selected, park assist automatically is engaged for both front and rear sensors. When the vehicle is put into DRIVE from REVERSE the front assist sensors will be active up to speeds of 8 km/h (5 MPH) to assist with parking maneuvers. Once the vehicle is above 8 km/h (5 MPH) the front sensors are disabled and will not be re-enabled until either REVERSE gear is selected or the parking assist switch is pressed to activate the system. Once the parking assist switch is pressed during a key cycle the front sensors become active at speeds under 8 km/h (5 MPH). If the park assist switch is pressed again in the same key cycle the message "Park Assist Off" will be displayed in the driver information center if the vehicle speed is under 8 km/h (5 MPH) and front sensors detect an object within 120 cm (47.2 in). The LED indicator on the parking assist switch provides the ON/OFF state of the system. If the indicator is ON, the system is active and ready to assist.

The parking assist control module carries out a self test and monitors the sensors for electrical and mechanical faults. Monitored is the power supply of each sensor and the sensor signals, which need to alter when the vehicle moves. If this is not the case, the sensor is acoustically blocked or faulty. Mud, ice and snow may cause obstruction of the function of the sensors. The parking assist control module also checks whether the correct type of sensor is installed. If any of these tests fails, a DTC with corresponding symptom is set, the parking assist is deactivated and the parking assist indicator in the instrument panel cluster is activated.

Object Detection Description and Operation (with rear park assist, UD7)

The parking assist system is designed to identify and notify the driver of an object in the vehicle path when reversing at speeds of less than 8 km/h (5 MPH). The distance and location of the object is determined by 4 object sensors located in the rear bumper. The parking assist system will notify the driver using audible beeps through the radio or haptic pulses through the driver's seat. The driver can select between audible or haptic alerts in the vehicle personalization menus. See the user's manual for more detailed information on vehicle personalization.

The parking assist system is made up of the following components

1. Parking assist control module
2. Rear object sensors
3. Parking assist switch
4. Parking assist indicator
5. Radio
6. Safety Alert Seat, if equipped.

Parking Assist Control Module

The parking assist control module provides a reference voltage and a low reference to the 4 object alarm sensors. The parking assist control module receives individual signals from each of the 4 sensors and determines the location and distance of an object based on these inputs. When an object is detected, the parking assist control module will send a data message via serial data to the radio requesting an audible alert.

Object Sensors

The object sensors are located in the rear bumpers of the vehicle. The sensors are used to determine the distance between an object and the bumper. Each sensor emits an ultrasonic frequency which is reflected off any object located in front of or behind the vehicle. These reflections are received by the sensors. The time difference between the emission of the frequency and when the reflection is received is known as sensor echo time, it is used to determine the distance to the object. The sensors report this information to the parking assist control module.

Parking Assist Switch

The parking assist can be activated and deactivated by pressing the parking assist switch. By engaging the reverse gear the parking assist can also be activated. By subsequently pressing the parking assist switch the parking assist can be disabled again.

Parking Assist Indicator

The indicator in the parking assist switch shows the status of the parking assist. If the lamp is ON, the parking assist is activated.

Radio

The radio controls the audible alert for the park assist alert. If the an object is detected the radio will command beeps as an audible alert to the driver.

Safety Alert Seat

The memory seat module controls the haptic alert provided by the seats. If an object is detected, the memory seat module will command pulses to the driver's seat.

When an object is within the measuring range of the sensor, the ultrasonic pulse is reflected and is received by the sending or a neighboring sensor. The sensor converts this signal into a voltage signal and sends this signal to the parking assist control module. The parking assist control module evaluates the received sensor signals. As soon as an object is within the measuring range, the parking assist control module sends a message via serial data to the radio or seat module to provide an alert signal.

The parking assist system can detect objects greater than 7.6 cm (3 in) wide and 25.4 cm (10 in) tall. The system cannot detect objects below the bumper, underneath the vehicle.

The parking assist can be activated and deactivated by pressing the parking assist switch. When REVERSE gear is selected, park assist is automatically activated. By subsequently pressing the parking assist switch the parking assist can be disabled again.

The parking assist control module carries out a self test and monitors the sensors for electrical and mechanical faults. Monitored is the power supply of each sensor and the sensor signals, which need to alter when the vehicle moves. If this is not the case, the sensor is acoustically blocked or faulty. Mud, ice and snow may cause obstruction of the function of the sensors. The parking assist control module also checks whether the correct type of sensor is installed. If any of these tests fails, a DTC with corresponding symptom is set, the parking assist is deactivated and the parking assist indicator in the instrument panel cluster is activated.

Object Detection Description and Operation (with Side Blind Zone Alert, UFT)

Description and Operation

The side blind zone alert system shall detect and report "objects of interest" on either side of the vehicle, within a specified "blind spot" zone. The system is designed to alert the driver, with a visual display placed on the side view mirror, to the presence of objects of interest that may not be visible in the inside rearview mirror and outside rear view mirrors. Although this system is intended to help drivers avoid lane change crashes, it does not replace driver vision and therefore should be considered a lane change aid. Even with the side blind zone alert system, the driver must check carefully for objects outside of the reporting zone (e.g., a fast approaching vehicle) before changing lanes. In the event that the system senses a malfunction through its diagnostic routines, the system will be disabled and the driver will be visually notified.

When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone while driving forward, an amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing as an extra warning not to change lanes.

Side blind zone alert is active when the vehicle is out of park or the parking brake is off on manual transmission vehicles and at speeds up to approximately 140 km/h (87 MPH). If a vehicle is detected in the blind zone, the warning symbols will turn illuminate on the appropriate side. When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions.

Side Blind Zone Alert Operation

When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating. The system is designed to detect objects of interest as small as a 125cc motorcycle with rider. The detection zone starts at the outside rearview mirror and extends out to 3.5 m (11 ft) at the back corner of the vehicle and 3 m (10 ft) behind the vehicle at a height of 0.5 m (1.5 ft) to 2.0 m (6 ft) above the ground. The side blind zone system does not detect stationary objects such as guardrails, posts, curbs, walls, berms, bridges, or parked vehicles.

When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone while driving forward, independent if passing a vehicle or being passed, an amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing as an extra warning not to change lanes.

Foul weather may affect the operation of the side blind zone system. Occasional missed alerts can occur under normal circumstances and will increase in wet conditions. The number of missed alerts will increase with increased rainfall or road spray. Heavy rainfall, as well as mud, dirt, snow, ice, or slush build-up on the rear fascia, can completely disable the system.

If the vehicle is towing a trailer or has an object such as a bicycle rack attached to the rear of the vehicle, the side blind zone system may not function properly and the indicators may illuminate intermittently or remain illuminated all the time.

Object Detection Description and Operation (with rear cross traffic alert, UFG)

The rear cross traffic alert system is designed to provide enhanced customer visibility while backing up by providing warnings to the driver on impending rear cross traffic. The rear cross traffic alert system is designed to detect and track objects of interest within a specified coverage zone behind the vehicle. The system is designed to alert the driver, with a visual display and either an audible sound or a haptic warning, to the presence of objects of interest that may cause a collision with the host vehicle. Although the system is intended to assist drivers in backing up, it does not replace driver's vision. The driver is responsible to check carefully for objects outside of the coverage zone (e.g., a fast approaching vehicle) for a safe backing maneuver. In the event that the system senses a malfunction through its diagnostic functions, the system will be disabled and the driver will be visually notified.

Rear Cross Traffic Alert Operation

The rear cross traffic alert system is designed to detect objects of interest as small as a 125cc motorcycle with rider. The detection zone extends approximately 30m (99 ft) from the rear corner of the car and covers an area from behind the vehicle to 125 degrees towards the front at a height of 0.45m (1.5 ft) to 2M (6.5 ft) above ground. The system operates when vehicle speed is 10 kph (6 mph) or less and is designed to detect objects moving at speeds up to 36 kph (22 mph).

When the vehicle is backing up, the side object sensors receive energy that is reflected from external objects and determine if the objects are objects of interest or not. The system may at times detect pedestrians, shopping carts, or similar moving objects. This is normal and should not be considered as a false alert or problem with the system. The rear cross traffic alert system will estimate vehicle travel trajectory and use the information in conjunction with object travel trajectory information to determine if there is a potential collision between the vehicle and the object of interest. The rear cross traffic alert function will only alert on objects of interest that pose a potential collision with the host vehicle. The system is not designed to provide an alert to objects that have no potential collision with vehicle. In addition, the system will not alert to stationary objects such as signs, parked cars, etc.

Object Detection Description and Operation (with lane departure warning, UFL)

The lane departure warning system is a convenience feature of the front view camera that issues a warning when the system detects that the vehicle has unintentionally crossed a lane marking. The front view camera is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detecting any lane markings. When the vehicle unintentionally leaves a detected lane, a visual and audible or haptic (pulses the seat, if equipped) alerts are given to the driver. The visual alert cannot be changed, but the driver can select between audible or haptic alerts in the vehicle personalization menus. See the user's manual for more detailed information on vehicle personalization.

The lane departure warning system is made up of the following components

1. Front view camera module
2. Lane departure warning switch / control indicator
3. Instrument cluster / Vehicle Direction Display
4. Radio
5. Safety Alert Seat, if equipped

Front View Camera Module

The camera detects visual queues such as lane markings. When it is determined that the vehicle has unintentionally moved outside of the lane, visual, and audible or haptic warning is given to the driver. The front view camera module receives an input from the lane departure warning switch and controls the lane departure warning switch indicator output. The front view camera module also communicates via serial data with the instrument cluster, radio, and memory seat module to request visual, and audible or haptic alerts.

Lane Departure Warning Switch

The lane departure warning switch provides an input to the front view camera module to turn the lane departure warning system ON and OFF. The front view camera module provides a signal voltage to the normally open momentary switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is pulled to ground, indicating to the front view camera module that the system has been requested to turn ON or OFF. The lane departure warning switch also contains the lane departure warning switch indicator, which is controlled by the front view camera module to indicate the ON and OFF status of the lane departure warning system. When the system has been enabled by the lane departure warning switch, the front view camera module applies ground to the switch indicator and illuminates the LED. The location of the lane departure warning switch can vary with different vehicles. For the exact location please refer to the user's manual.

Instrument Cluster

The vehicle direction display contains green and amber lane departure warning indicators. These indicate to the driver the current status of the lane departure warning system and are controlled via serial data by the front view camera module. When the vehicle speed is above 56 km/h (35 MPH) and the system has detected the required lane markings and is ready to assist, the green indicator will be illuminated on the vehicle direction display. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the amber indicator will flash.

Radio

The radio controls the audible alert for the lane departure warning. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the radio will command three beeps as an audible alert to the driver.

Safety Alert Seat

The memory seat module controls the haptic alert provided by the seats. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the memory seat module will command three pulses to the left or right side of the seat, depending on the lane departure direction.

Lane Departure Warning Operation

System operation can be described by the following modes

1. Off State: The system has been turned off by the driver using the lane departure warning switch. The lane departure warning indicator will not be illuminated.
2. Not Ready To Assist: The system is enabled and the lane departure warning indicator is illuminated, but not ready to assist when any of the following conditions is true: Vehicle speed is less than 56 km/h (35 MPH). The system is designed to function at speeds greater than 56 km/h (35 MPH). The system cannot detect lane markings. This may be because there are no lane markings, as on a country road or that the lane markings cannot be determined due to snow, rain, or other driving conditions. The windshield area in front of the camera or the camera lens is blocked by fog, dirt, damage to the windshield or other elements that may prevent the camera from detecting lane markings.
3. Ready To Assist: The system is enabled and ready to warn of the unintentional lane crossing. The system is ready to assist when the green lane departure warning indicator is illuminated on the vehicle direction display.

Lane Crossing Alerts

1. When one of the following conditions are met, the system will not give alerts: The correct turn signal is activated. An activated turn signal is interpreted as an intentional lane crossing. The operator makes an intentional steering maneuver. The operator makes an intentional accelerating maneuver. The operator makes an intentional braking maneuver.
2. Lane crossing alert consists of the following: The amber lane departure warning indicator will flash. Three chimes are activated through the radio. or if equipped, three pulses to the left or right side of the seat.

Object Detection Description and Operation (with forward collision alert, UEU)

The forward collision alert system is a convenience feature of the front view camera that issues a warning to the driver when a potential collision risk exists. The front view camera is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detecting vehicles directly ahead, within a distance of approximately 60 meters (197 ft). The forward collision alert system operates at speeds above 40 kph (25 mph). When the system detects a vehicle in the path ahead, the green vehicle ahead indicator in the vehicle direction display is illuminated. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash in the head-up display (if equipped) or a series of red LEDs in the vehicle direction display. Simultaneously an audible alert can sound or the Safety Alert Seat pulses. The visual alert cannot be changed, but the driver can select between audible or haptic alerts in the vehicle personalization menus. The forward collision alert system can also be turned on or off through the vehicle personalization menus. See the user's manual for more detailed information on vehicle personalization.

Forward collision alert does not warn the driver of any objects that are not detected as a vehicle, like e.g. pedestrians, animals, signs, guard rails, bridges, construction barrels or other stationary or slow moving objects. The forward collision alert timing sensitivity to control the distance to the vehicle ahead can be set using the forward collision alert switch in the left steering wheel controls.

In some cases the camera may detect a vehicle that is not in the path ahead, or the system may occasionally provide unrealistic alerts. This could respond to a turning vehicle ahead, guard rails, traffic signs, or other stationary objects. This is normal operation, the vehicle does not need service. Forward collision alert may sometimes set unnecessary alerts to turning vehicles, vehicles in other lanes, objects that are not vehicles, or shadows. These alerts are normal operation and the vehicle does not need service.

The forward collision alert system is made up of the following components

1. Front view camera module
2. Forward collision alert switch
3. Instrument cluster / Vehicle direction display
4. Radio
5. Memory Seat Module and Safety Alert Seat, if equipped

Front View Camera Module

The camera detects vehicles in front of the host vehicle. The front view camera module requests the green vehicle ahead alert indicator in the vehicle direction display ON via serial data when the front view camera system has detected a vehicle in the driving path ahead. The front view camera module also communicates via serial data with the driver information center, radio, and memory seat module to request visual, and audible or haptic alerts.

Forward Collision Alert Switch

The forward collision alert switch provides an input to the front view camera module to select the alert timing sensitivity when approaching another vehicle too rapidly. The front view camera module provides a signal voltage to the normally open switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is pulled to ground, indicating to the front view camera module that the system has been requested to change the alert timing sensitivity. The first button press shows the current alert timing setting on the driver information center. With every button press, the alert timing sensitivity is changed. The current alert timing setting will be maintained until it is changed. The preset alert timing setting is displayed in the top line of the driver information center. The position of the forward collision alert switch can vary with different vehicles. For the exact position of the switch and possible user settings, please refer to the user's manual.

Instrument Cluster

The Vehicle direction display contains the green vehicle ahead indicator, which indicates to the driver that the Front View Camera system has detected a vehicle in the driving path ahead and is controlled via serial data. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash in the Vehicle direction display. The red Front collision alert display will stay continuously illuminated if the vehicle ahead remains much too close. The vehicle ahead indicator will display amber when following too close to the vehicle ahead.

Radio

The radio controls the audible alert for the forward collision alert system. If the host vehicle is approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the radio will command eight beeps as an audible alert to the driver.

Safety Alert Seat

The memory seat module controls the haptic alert provided by the seats. If the vehicle is approaching another vehicle too quickly, the memory seat module will command five pulses to both sides of the seat.

Object Detection Description and Operation (with haptic signal motor seat)

The Active Safety Seats provide a vibration in the driver's seat bottom cushion to alert the driver of a number of concerns. There are two motors providing the vibration and are located on the left and right sides. Depending on the alert, either the left, right or both motors will activate.

The Active Safety Seat is made up of the following components

1. Seat Memory Control Module
2. Haptic Signal Motor - Driver Left Rear
3. Haptic Signal Motor - Driver Right Rear

Seat Memory Control Module

The Seat Memory Control Module receives serial data messages from other modules and provides a voltage output to turn on the haptic signal motors. The Seat Memory Control Module will pulse the left, right, or both motors the number of pulses requested over serial data. The module monitors the circuits for open, short to ground, and short to voltage conditions and will set DTCs if a problem is detected. The modules that can request haptic motor operation are

1. Front and Rear Parking Assist Control Module (Front and Rear Parking Assist)
2. Vehicle Camera Module (Lane Departure Warning, Forward Collision Alert)
3. Side Object Sensor Modules (Rear Cross Traffic Alert)

Haptic Signal Motors - Driver Left Rear and Driver Right Rear

The motors are located in the driver's seat bottom cushion and are positioned on the left and right sides. The motors are connected to ground and receive voltage from the Seat Memory Control Module. There are no connectors other than at the Seat Memory Control Module.

Active Safety Seat Operation

System operation can be described by the following alerts

1. Front and Rear Parking Assist - when an object is first detected both motors will be pulsed twice. If a potential crash is detected, both motors will be pulsed five times.
2. Lane Departure Warning - when the vehicle crosses a lane marking either the left or right motor will be pulsed three times depending on which side the warning is for.
3. Forward Collision Alert warning - both motors will be pulsed five times.
4. Rear Cross Traffic Alert - When backing up, if rear cross traffic is detected, either the left or right motor will be pulsed three times, depending on which side the warning is for.

Rear Vision Camera System Operation

The rear vision camera system consists of

1. Rearview camera
2. Body control module
3. Human machine interface control module
4. Info display module

When the transmission is placed into REVERSE, a 12 volt signal is sent to the rearview camera by the body control module. This signal indicates to the camera that the vehicle is in reverse and image display is requested. The rearview camera receives ignition voltage and a constant ground to power the camera. Video signal + and video signal - circuits carry the video image from the rearview camera to the human machine interface control module. The video signal is then transmitted to the info display module. Additionally, the video signal circuits are shielded to prevent any interference which may lead to a loss of video signal resolution and a degraded video image. The shield is provided a ground path by the rear vision camera.

The following conditions may cause a degraded rear vision camera image

1. Ice, snow, or mud has built up on the rear vision camera
2. Dark conditions
3. Extreme light conditions, such as glare from the sun or the headlights of another vehicle
4. Damage to the rear of the vehicle
5. Extreme high temperatures or extreme temperature changes
6. Defective video signal shielding

If a malfunction is detected in the system, Service Rear Vision Camera may be displayed on the infotainment display as an indicator to the customer that a problem exists that requires service.