Steering System - General Information Ford Taurus X I

Material

Material

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

The steering system consists of the following components

1. Power steering pump (includes fuel efficient power steering (FEPS) solenoid/actuator)
2. Steering gear
3. Power steering lines
4. Fluid reservoir
5. Fluid cooler
6. Steering linkage
7. Steering wheel
8. Steering column
9. Steering column shaft
10. Steering column switches
11. Steering effort control module (SECM)
12. Steering wheel rotation sensor

For information on the power steering pump, steering gear, power steering lines, fluid reservoir, fluid cooler and inner tie-rod refer to POWER STEERING article.

For information on the steering wheel and steering column, refer to STEERING COLUMN article.

For information on the steering column switches, refer to STEERING COLUMN SWITCHES article.

The power steering system transfers driver inputs at the steering wheel to the front wheels of the vehicle. The steering column, hydraulic system and linkages that transfer these inputs make up the steering system. Gearing and hydraulic assist are used to significantly reduce steering efforts.

The FEPS system provides improved fuel economy by reducing the fluid flow from the power steering pump when it is not needed.

Special Tools Illustration Tool Name Tool Number 73III Automotive Meter 105-R0057 or equivalent Dial Thermometer 32°C-104°C (0-220°F) 023-R0007 or equivalent Flex Probe Kit 105-R025B or equivalent Vehicle Communication Module (VCM) and Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) software with appropriate hardware, or equivalent scan tool 100W/12 Volt DC UV Lamp 164-R0751

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Material

Principles of Operation

Power Steering - The power steering system uses a vane-type pump to move the fluid from the reservoir to the rack-and-pinion steering gear and through the rest of the steering hydraulic system. The power steering pump is mounted to the engine and driven by the engine accessory drive belt. Power steering fluid is pulled into the pump from the reservoir. The power steering fluid is trapped between the pump vanes and moved to the high-pressure side of the pump creating a flow of fluid. The restriction of this flow by the steering gear creates the pressure that provides the steering assist. A combined pressure relief/flow valve is built into the pump to control the maximum pressure and flow provided to the steering system. This action prevents damage to the system and provides the correct level of assist during all engine speeds. While under pressure, the power steering fluid flows through the high-pressure power steering line to the steering gear. The fluid exits the gear and flows through the return line, cooler and finally to the reservoir. The reservoir slows the fluid, allows air to escape and filters the fluid before returning it to the pump.

Fuel Efficient Power Steering (FEPS) - The fuel efficient power steering (FEPS) system reduces vehicle fuel consumption by reducing the amount of power steering assist provided at higher engine speeds, when less assist is needed. The FEPS system is controlled by the steering effort control module (SECM), FEPS solenoid/actuator and the steering wheel rotation sensor. The steering wheel rotation sensor is mounted to the steering column. As the steering wheel is turned, the sensor generates a turning rate signal. On vehicles equipped with interactive vehicle dynamics (IVD) the rotation sensor is hard-wired to the ABS module. The ABS module sends the turning rate signal to the SECM over the high-speed controller area network (HS-CAN) bus. On vehicles not equipped with IVD, the rotation sensor is hard-wired to the SECM so the module receives the turning rate signal directly from the sensor. The SECM also receives vehicle speed information from the PCM over the HS-CAN bus. The SECM uses both of these signals to determine how much assist is needed. At slower speeds, full power steering assist is provided. As vehicle speed increases, the SECM sends a signal to the FEPS solenoid/actuator, which is mounted to the power steering pump. The FEPS solenoid/actuator is then activated to reduce the flow of power steering fluid through the power steering system. Power steering pump effort is reduced, which, in turn, reduces the pumps demands on the engine. With less load on the engine, the vehicle has greater fuel efficiency.

Steering Effort Control Module (SECM) - The SECM monitors vehicle speed and steering wheel rate to determine the correct amount of fluid flow provided to the system. When the driver is turning the steering wheel slowly, the module sends current to the solenoid/actuator on the power steering pump to reduce fluid flow from the pump. This reduced fluid flow decreases the back pressure in the power steering system, which reduces the power needed to drive the pump. When the driver turns the steering wheel quickly, the module reduces the current to the solenoid/actuator, which increases the pump flow to provide acceptable steering efforts. If the SECM detects a problem, the default mode is full flow (0 current).

The vehicle speed is provided to the SECM by the ABS module over the HS-CAN bus.

Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor - The steering wheel rotation sensor measures the rate of rotation of the steering wheel by monitoring the steering wheel rotation ring as it passes through the sensor gap. On vehicles not equipped with interactive vehicle dynamics (IVD), the steering wheel rotation sensor is wired directly to the SECM and sends the information about how far the steering wheel is being turned directly to the module. On vehicles equipped with IVD, the steering wheel rotation sensor is hard wired to the ABS module instead of the SECM and the ABS module sends the information to the SECM over the HS-CAN bus. For information on ABS and IVD, refer to VEHICLE DYNAMIC SYSTEMS article.

The rotation sensor receives power from the battery junction box (BJB) and is grounded through the SECM (on vehicles without IVD) or through the ABS module (on vehicles with IVD).

Inspection and Verification

Note. The FEPS system does not affect power steering system noise or leaks.

Note. Make the following preliminary checks before repairing the steering system

1. Verify the customer concern.
2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical or electrical damage. VISUAL INSPECTION CHART Mechanical Electrical Drive belt Drive belt tensioner Fluid level Intermediate shaft bolts Power steering pressure lines, fittings or O-rings Power steering pressure solenoid Power steering pump Power steering reservoir filter Power steering return hoses and clamps Steering column alignment Steering column shaft U-joints Steering gear Suspension components Tie-rod ends Tire pressure Tires Steering effort control module (SECM) Smart junction box (SJB) fuse(s): 13 (7.5A) 35 (10A) Wiring, terminals and connectors
3. Inspect the power steering fluid for the following conditions: Aeration or foam: Purge the power steering system. Refer to «Power Steering System Purging»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information__power-steering-system-purging) . Overheating or contamination: Flush the power steering system. Refer to «Power Steering System Flushing»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information__power-steering-system-flushing) .
4. Check the fluid level and clean the power steering components. With the ignition OFF: check the power steering fluid level and add fluid as necessary. wipe off any visible signs of fluid or residue build up. CAUTION: Do not hold the steering wheel at the stops for an extended amount of time. Damage to the power steering pump may occur. Start the engine and turn the steering wheel from stop-to-stop several times.
5. Visually inspect the power steering hydraulic line/hose connections for leaks. If a leak is detected at a threaded fitting, clamp plate joint or banjo bolt fitting, tighten to specification. If the leak is still evident, visually inspect the O-rings, Teflon® seals or banjo bolt washer seals. Install new O-rings, Teflon® seals or banjo bolt washer seals as necessary. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. If a leak is detected at a constant tension spring clamp, verify that the hose is not damaged and fully installed on the hose fitting. Make sure that the constant tension spring clamp is correctly positioned. If the leak remains, install a new constant tension spring clamp. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. If a leak is detected at a screw clamp joint, verify that the hose is fully installed on the hose fitting before tightening the screw clamp. If the leak remains, install a new screw clamp. If a leak is detected at the power steering pressure switch, install a new switch. Refer to the appropriate Engine article for the procedure.
6. Visually inspect the power steering components for leaks. If a leak is detected in the power steering pressure line or return hose, install a new hose. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. If a leak is detected in the power steering pump, install a new power steering pump. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. NOTE: On vehicles with rack and pinion steering gear, it may be necessary to remove the bellows boot clamp from the steering gear bellows boot to inspect for internal steering gear leaks. If a leak is detected in the steering gear, install a new steering gear. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. If a leak is detected in the power steering reservoir, install a new reservoir. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article.
7. For information on power steering leak detection, refer to Component Tests .
8. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the next step.
9. If the cause is not visually evident, connect the scan tool to the data link connector (DLC).
10. If the scan tool does not communicate with the VCM: check the VCM connection to the vehicle. check the scan tool connection to the VCM. refer to «MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-communications-network-system) article, No Power To The Scan Tool, to diagnose no communication with the scan tool.
11. If the scan tool does not communicate with the vehicle: verify the ignition key is in the ON position. verify the scan tool operation with a known good vehicle. refer to «MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-communications-network-system) article to diagnose no response from the PCM.
12. Carry out the network test. If the scan tool responds with no communication for one or more modules, refer to «MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-communications-network-system) article. If the network test passes, retrieve and record continuous memory DTCs.
13. Clear the continuous DTCs and carry out the self-test diagnostics for the SECM.
14. If the DTCs retrieved are related to the concern, go to the Steering Effort Control Module (SECM) DTC Table. For all other DTCs, refer to «MULTIFUNCTION ELECTRONIC MODULES»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#multifunction-electronic-modules-system) article.
15. If no DTCs related to the concern are retrieved, go to «Symptom Chart - Steering System»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information) or Go to «Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information) .

STEERING EFFORT CONTROL MODULE (SECM) DTC TABLE

Drift/Pull

Pull is described as a tugging sensation felt by the hands on the steering wheel that must be overcome to keep the vehicle going straight.

Drift describes what a vehicle with this condition does with the hands off the steering wheel.

1. A vehicle-related drift/pull on a flat road can cause a consistent deviation from the straight-ahead path and require constant steering input in the opposite direction to counteract the effect.
2. Drift/pull can be induced by conditions external to the vehicle, such as wind or road camber.

Excessive Steering Wheel Play

Excessive steering wheel play is a condition in which there is too much steering wheel movement before the wheels move. A small amount of steering wheel free play is considered normal.

Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist

Lack of assist or inconsistent assist is experienced when the steering wheel effort is higher than normal. Hard steering can remain constant through the full turn or occur near the end of a turn. It is important to know the difference between hard steering/lack of assist and poor returnability/sticky steering.

Hard steering or lack of assist can result from either hydraulic electrical (FEPS system) or mechanical conditions. It is extremely important to know if this concern occurs during driving or during high-effort parking maneuvers.

Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering

Poor returnability and sticky steering is used to describe the poor return of the steering wheel to center after a turn or steering correction is completed.

Shimmy

Shimmy, as felt by the driver, is large, consistent, rotational oscillations of the steering wheel resulting from large, side-to-side (lateral) tire/wheel movements.

Shimmy is usually experienced near 64 km/h (40 mph), and can begin or be amplified when the tire contacts pot holes or irregularities in the road surface.

Wander

Wander is the tendency of the vehicle to require frequent, random left and right steering wheel corrections to maintain a straight path down a level road.

Symptom Chart - Steering System

Symptom Chart - Steering System

Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)

Note. Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) symptoms should be identified using the diagnostic tools that are available. For a list of these tools, an explanation of their uses and a glossary of common terms, refer to NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS article. Since it is possible any one of multiple systems may be the cause of a symptom, it may be necessary to use a process of elimination type of diagnostic approach to pinpoint the responsible system. If this is not the causal system for the symptom, refer back to NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS article for the next likely system and continue diagnosis.

Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)

Pinpoint Test A: DTCs B1317/B1318 - Battery Voltage High/Low

Refer to appropriate WIRING DIAGRAM ARTICLE, Power Steering Controls for schematic and connector information.

Normal Operation

Fused battery voltage is provided to the steering effort control module (SECM) from smart junction box (SJB) fuse 13 (7.5A) along circuit SBP13 (GY/RD). Fused ignition switch voltage is provided to the SECM from SJB fuse 35 (10A) along circuit CBP35 (YE/GY). Ground for the module is provided along circuit GD148 (BK/YE) and the module communicates with the other modules on the high-speed controller area network (HS-CAN) bus along circuits VBR04 (WH/BU) and VBR05 (WH).

1. DTC B1317 Battery Voltage High - With the ignition key in the RUN position, if battery voltage exceeds 16.5 volts for more than 1,000 ms, DTC B1317 will be set.
2. DTC B1318 Battery Volage Low - With the ignition key in the RUN position, if battery voltage falls below 8.5 volts for more than 1,000 ms, DTC B1318 will be set.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Fuse(s)
2. Wiring, terminals or connectors
3. SECM

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1. A1 CHECK THE BATTERY VOLTAGE NOTE: A recent jump start can cause these DTCs to set. Measure the battery voltage between the positive and negative battery posts with the key ON engine OFF (KOEO) and with the engine running. Is the battery voltage between 10 and 13 volts with KOEO, and between 11 and 17 volts with the engine running? YES : Go to A2 . NO : REFER to «CHARGING SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/charging-system/#charging-system-general-information) article to diagnose the battery and charging system.
2. A2 CHECK FOR VOLTAGE TO THE SECM Key in OFF position. Disconnect: SECM C2368a Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between ground and: SECM C2368a-11, circuit SBP13 (GY/RD), harness side. SECM C2368a-3, circuit CBP35 (YE/GY), harness side. Is the voltage greater than 9 volts and less than 16 volts? YES : Go to A3 . NO : VERIFY SJB fuse 13 (7.5A) is OK. If OK, REPAIR circuit SBP13 (GY/RD). VERIFY SJB fuse 35 (10A) is OK. If OK, REPAIR circuit CBP35 (YE/GY). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
3. A3 CHECK CIRCUIT GD148 (BK/YE) FOR AN OPEN Key in OFF position. Measure the resistance between SECM C2368a-14, circuit GD148 (BK/YE), harness side and ground. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : INSTALL a new SECM. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : REPAIR circuit GD148 (BK/YE). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test B: DTCs C192A, C192B, C192C, C192D and C1933 - Solenoid Actuator Circuit Fault

Refer to appropriate WIRING DIAGRAM ARTICLE, Power Steering Controls for schematic and connector information.

The steering effort control module (SECM) sends voltage to the power steering valve solenoid along circuit CCS11 (GN/WH), the voltage passes through the solenoid and returns to the SECM along circuit CCS12 (VT/GN). The power steering valve solenoid then controls power steering assist by regulating the flow of power steering fluid in the power steering pump. Depending on the returning current, the SECM will be able to detect if the solenoid is functioning correctly.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Wiring, terminals or connectors
2. Power steering valve solenoid
3. SECM

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1. B1 ISOLATE THE POWER STEERING VALVE SOLENOID NOTE: If the engine has been running, allow the engine to cool prior to measuring resistance. Restistance measurements should be taken with the power steering solenoid valve at room temperature. Key in OFF position. Disconnect: Power Steering Valve Solenoid C120 Measure the resistance between power steering valve solenoid pin-1 and pin-2 component side. Is the resistance approximately 10 ohms? YES : Go to B2 . NO : INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
2. B2 CHECK CIRCUITS CCS11 (GN/WH) AND CCS12 (VT/GN) FOR AN OPEN Disconnect: SECM C2368a Measure the resistance between: SECM C2368a-2, circuit CCS11 (GN/WH), harness side and power steering valve solenoid C120-1, circuit CCS11 (GN/WH), harness side. SECM C2368a-1, circuit CCS12 (VT/GN), harness side and power steering valve solenoid C120-2, circuit CCS12 (VT/GN), harness side. Are the resistances less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to B3 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test.
3. B3 CHECK CIRCUITS CCS11 (GN/WH) AND CCS12 (VT/GN) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Measure the resistance between ground and: power steering valve solenoid C120-1, circuit CCS11 (GN/WH), harness side. power steering valve solenoid C120-2, circuit CCS12 (VT/GN), harness side. Are the resistances greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to B4 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test.
4. B4 CHECK CIRCUITS CCS11 (GN/WH) AND CCS12 (VT/GN) FOR A SHORT TOGETHER Measure the resistance between power steering valve solenoid C120-2, circuit CCS12 (VT/GN), harness side and power steering valve solenoid C120-1, circuit CCS11 (GN/WH), harness side. Is the resistance greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to B5 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test.
5. B5 CHECK CIRCUITS CCS11 (GN/WH) AND CCS12 (VT/GN) FOR A SHORT TO VOLTAGE Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between ground and: power steering valve solenoid C120-1, circuit CCS11 (GN/WH), harness side. power steering valve solenoid C120-2, circuit CCS12 (VT/GN), harness side. Is any voltage present? YES : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test. NO : INSTALL a new SECM. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test C: DTCs C195A, C195B, C1955 and C1956 - Steering Angle Sensor Circuit Failure

Refer to appropriate WIRING DIAGRAM ARTICLE, Power Steering Controls for schematic and connector information.

On vehicles not equipped with interactive vehicle dynamics (IVD), the steering wheel rotation sensor is hard-wired to the steering effort control module (SECM) and sends the steering wheel position information to the SECM along circuits VCS06 (GY/BU) and VCS07 (VT/OG). On vehicles equipped with IVD, the rotation sensor is hard-wired to the ABS module. For IVD equipped vehicles, refer to VEHICLE DYNAMIC SYSTEMS article.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Wiring, terminals or connectors
2. Steering wheel rotation sensor
3. SECM

PINPOINT TEST C: DTCs C195A, C195B, C1955 AND C1956 - STEERING ANGLE SENSOR CIRCUIT FAULT

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1. C1 CHECK CIRCUITS VCS06 (GY/BN) AND VCS07 (VT/OG) FOR AN OPEN Key in OFF position. Disconnect: SECM C2368b Disconnect: Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor C226 Measure the resistance between: SECM C2368b-6, circuit VCS06 (GY/BN), harness side and steering wheel rotation sensor C226-2, circuit VCS06 (GY/BN), harness side. SECM C2368b-1, circuit VCS07 (VT/OG), harness side and steering wheel rotation sensor C226-3, circuit VCS07 (VT/OG), harness side. Are the resistances less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to C2 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test.
2. C2 CHECK CIRCUITS VCS06 (GY/BN) AND VCS07 (VT/OG) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Measure the resistance between ground and: steering wheel rotation sensor C226-2, circuit VCS06 (GY/BN), harness side. steering wheel rotation sensor C226-3, circuit VCS07 (VT/OG), harness side. Are the resistances greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to C3 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test.
3. C3 CHECK CIRCUITS VCS06 (GY/BN) AND VCS07 (VT/OG) FOR A SHORT TOGETHER Measure the resistance between steering wheel rotation sensor C226-3, circuit VCS07 (VT/OG), harness side and steering wheel rotation sensor C226-2, circuit VCS06 (GY/BN), harness side. Is the resistance greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to C4 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test.
4. C4 CHECK CIRCUITS VCS06 (GY/BN) AND VCS07 (VT/OG) FOR A SHORT TO VOLTAGE Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between ground and: steering wheel rotation sensor C226-2, circuit VCS06 (GY/BN), harness side. steering wheel rotation sensor C226-3, circuit VCS07 (VT/OG), harness side. Is any voltage present? YES : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test. NO : INSTALL a new steering wheel rotation sensor. REFER to «VEHICLE DYNAMIC SYSTEMS»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) article. CLEAR the DTC. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test D: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist

Note. Hard steering or lack of assist is experienced when the steering wheel effort exceeds specifications. Hard steering can remain constant through the full turn, occur near the end of a turn or differ right to left. It is important to know the difference between hard steering/lack of assist and poor returnability/sticky steering.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Fuel efficient power steering (FEPS) system
2. Steering gear
3. Power steering pump
4. Power steering hoses

1. D1 CHECK FOR STEERING EFFORT CONTROL MODULE (SECM) DTCs Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: Self Test SECM Retrieve and record any SECM DTCs. Are any SECM DTCs present? YES : REFER to the «STEERING EFFORT CONTROL MODULE (SECM) DTC TABLE»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information) . NO : Go to D2 .
2. D2 CHECK THE STEERING RATE SIGNAL (STRSIGU) PID Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger SECM Start the engine and monitor the STRSIGU PID while turning the steering wheel right to left. Does the PID change as the steering wheel is turned? YES : Go to D3 . NO : INSTALL a new steering wheel rotation sensor. REFER to «VEHICLE DYNAMIC SYSTEMS»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) article. TEST the system for normal operation.
3. D3 CHECK THE STEERING ASSIST WITH THE ENGINE RPM RAISED CAUTION: Do not hold the steering wheel at the stops for an extended amount of time. Damage to the power steering pump may occur. Set the engine at 2,100 RPM and turn the steering wheel fully to the left and right. Is steering assist normal with the engine RPM raised? YES : INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. NO : Go to D4 .
4. D4 CHECK FOR A CHANGE OF ASSIST ON LEFT AND RIGHT TURNS With the engine at idle, turn the steering wheel fully to the left and to the right. Does the steering assist change when turning from right to left? YES : INSTALL a new steering gear. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. NO : Go to D5 .
5. D5 CHECK THE STEERING LINES AND HOSES FOR RESTRICTIONS Inspect the steering lines and hoses for damage, kinks or restrictions. Are the steering lines or hoses damaged, kinked or restricted? YES : INSTALL new lines or hoses as necessary. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. NO : Go to D6 .
6. D6 MONITOR THE ENGINE RPM CHANGES CAUTION: Do not hold the steering wheel at the stops for an extended amount of time. Damage to the power steering pump may occur. NOTE: Make sure that the vehicle is on a flat, dry surface, all accessories are in the OFF position and that the steering system is at normal operating temperature. Connect the diagnostic tool. Start the engine. With the engine at idle, raise the power steering fluid temperature to 74-80°C (165-176°F) by rotating the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times. While monitoring the engine RPM with the scan tool, turn the steering wheel quickly to the left stop position and then to the right stop position. Note the engine RPM during the turns. Does the engine RPM change (even temporarily) more than 30 RPM when turning the steering wheel? YES : INSTALL a new steering gear. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article. NO : INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article.

Pinpoint Test E: Excessive Steering Wheel Play

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Steering column bearings
2. Steering linkage
3. Suspension components

1. E1 CHECK THE STEERING COLUMN BEARINGS Inspect the steering column mounting fasteners and bearings for looseness. Are the fasteners and bearings OK? YES : Go to E2 . NO : TIGHTEN the steering column mounting fasteners or INSTALL a new steering column. REFER to «STEERING COLUMN»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/steering-column/#steering-column) article.
2. E2 CHECK THE STEERING LINKAGE FOR LOOSENESS Carry out the «Steering Linkage»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information__steering-linkage) Component Test.. Is the steering linkage OK? YES : INSPECT the suspension components. REFER to «SUSPENSION SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/suspension-front/#suspension-system-general-information) article for the suspension diagnosis and testing. NO : INSTALL new steering linkage as necessary. Refer to the appropriate Steering System article for the procedure.

Pinpoint Test F: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Steering gear
2. Intermediate shaft
3. Intermediate shaft U-joints
4. Steering gear mounts
5. Suspension components

1. F1 CHECK FOR TIRE PULL Rotate the front wheel and tire assemblies side to side. Refer to «WHEELS AND TIRES»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/wheel-tire-system/#wheels-tires) article. Carry out a road test on a smooth, flat road. Does the vehicle drift/pull? YES : If vehicle pulls in the opposite direction, go to F2 . If vehicle pulls in the original direction, go to F3 . NO : The concern has been corrected.
2. F2 ROTATE THE WHEEL AND TIRE ASSEMBLIES FRONT TO REAR Rotate the wheel and tire assemblies front to rear. Refer to «WHEELS AND TIRES»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/wheel-tire-system/#wheels-tires) article. Carry out a road test on a smooth, flat road. Does the vehicle drift/pull? YES : Go to F3 . NO : The concern has been corrected.
3. F3 CHECK THE STEERING COLUMN SHAFT NOTE: Be sure to keep the clockspring centered when disconnecting the steering column shaft. Refer to the appropriate Body article for the procedure. Check the steering column and shaft for grounding. Disconnect the steering column shaft at the steering column. Inspect the steering column shaft U-joints for looseness or wear. Are the steering column shaft U-joints OK? YES : Go to F4 . NO : INSTALL a new steering column shaft as necessary. REFER to «STEERING COLUMN»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/steering-column/#steering-column) article.
4. F4 CHECK THE STEERING GEAR MOUNTING Check the steering gear mounts for looseness or wear. Are the steering gear mounts OK? YES : Go to F5 . NO : INSTALL a new steering gear as necessary. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article.
5. F5 CHECK THE STEERING GEAR Carry out the «Steering Gear Valve»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information__steering-gear-valve) Component Test. Is the steering gear valve OK? YES : Go to F6 . NO : INSTALL a new steering gear as necessary. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article.
6. F6 CHECK THE SUSPENSION COMPONENTS INSPECT the suspension components. Refer to «SUSPENSION SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/suspension-front/#suspension-system-general-information) article for the suspension diagnosis and testing. Are the suspension components OK? YES : Go to F7 . NO : INSTALL new suspension components. REFER to «FRONT SUSPENSION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/suspension-front/#front-suspension) article for the front suspension or «REAR SUSPENSION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/suspension-rear/#rear-suspension) article for the rear suspension.
7. F7 CHECK THE WHEEL ALIGNMENT NOTE: The vehicle will tend to pull toward the side with the least positive caster and the most positive camber. Using a suitable alignment system, measure the wheel alignment settings. Refer to «SUSPENSION SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/suspension-front/#suspension-system-general-information) article. Are the alignment settings within specifications? YES : CHECK for correct frame alignments. Refer to the appropriate Frame and Mounting article for the procedure. NO : ADJUST the alignment angles to specifications. DO NOT exceed the specifications. REFER to «SUSPENSION SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/suspension-front/#suspension-system-general-information) article.

Power Steering Fluid Leak Test

Note. This test should only be carried out if a leak in the system has not been detected during a thorough visual inspection. Refer to Inspection and Verification.

1. Check the power steering fluid level. If necessary, add the specified power steering fluid.
2. Remove the power steering pump reservoir cap and tightly install the evacuation cap to the power steering pump reservoir.
3. Install the hose from the fill adapter manifold tee to the evacuation cap on the power steering pump reservoir.
4. Install the vacuum pump to the evacuation cap.
5. Using the vacuum pump, apply 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg) of vacuum to the power steering system.
6. Observe the vacuum gauge for 30 seconds. If the vacuum gauge reading drops more than 3 kPa (0.88 in-Hg) a leak is present.
7. Remove the vacuum pump.
8. Start the engine. With the engine at idle, raise the power steering fluid temperature to 74-80°C (165-176°F) by rotating the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times.
9. Visually inspect the system for leaks. If a leak is evident, repair as necessary. If a leak is not evident, add the specified UV fluorescent tracer dye to the power steering fluid. Use 14.78 mL (1/2 oz) of dye solution for every 1.89L (2 qt) of power steering fluid. For steering system fluid capacity, refer to «SPECIFICATIONS»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information) .
10. Start the engine. With the engine at idle, raise the power steering fluid temperature to 74-80°C (165-176°F) by rotating the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times.
11. Using the special tool (UV lamp), inspect the system for traces of UV dye. Repair as necessary.

Steering Linkage

1. With the vehicle on the ground and the parking brake applied, start the vehicle and carry out the following: Have an assistant rotate the steering wheel left and right 360 degrees and watch for relative motion of the studs in the steering linkage ball sockets. Watch for loose steering gear mounting.
2. An additional check is with the key on, engine off (KOEO) and the front wheels raised off the ground. Grasp the wheel at the front and rear and watch for excessive play or binding in the joints while trying to steer the wheels.
3. Install new components if necessary. Tighten any worn, damaged or loose components.

Steering Gear Valve

1. With the vehicle in motion, place the transmission in NEUTRAL and turn the engine OFF. If the vehicle does not pull with the engine OFF, repair or install a new steering gear. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) article.
2. If the vehicle pulls with the engine OFF, switch the right side front wheel to the left side of the vehicle and the left side front wheel to the right side of the vehicle.
3. If the vehicle pulls to the opposite side, switch the front wheels with the rear wheels keeping them on the same side of the vehicle.
4. If the vehicle pull direction does not change, check the front suspension components, wheel alignment and frame alignment. Refer to «SUSPENSION SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/suspension-front/#suspension-system-general-information) article or an appropriate frame dimensions manual.

Power Steering System Flushing

Material

1. Remove the power steering fluid reservoir cap.
2. Using a suitable suction device, remove the power steering fluid from the reservoir.
3. Disconnect the power steering fluid return hose from the reservoir. Remove the clamp.
4. Plug the power steering fluid reservoir inlet port.
5. Attach an extension hose to the power steering return hose.
6. Place the open end of the extension hose into a suitable container.
7. Fill the power steering fluid reservoir with new fluid.
8. Start the engine while simultaneously turning the steering wheel to lock and then immediately turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.
9. Fill the power steering fluid reservoir with the approved power steering fluid.
10. Repeat Steps 8 and 9, turning the steering wheel in the opposite direction each time, until the fluid exiting the power steering fluid return hose is clean and clear of foreign material.
11. Remove the extension hose from the power steering return hose.
12. Remove the plug from the power steering fluid reservoir inlet port.
13. Install the power steering return hose to the reservoir. Install the clamp.
14. Fill the power steering system. For additional information, refer to «Power Steering System Filling»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system-general-information__power-steering-system-filling) .

Power Steering System Purging

Special Tools Illustration Tool Name Tool Number Evacuation Cap, Power Steering 211-265 or equivalent Vacuum Pump Kit 416-D002 (D95L-7559-A) or equivalent

Scheme 13

Material

1. Remove the power steering pump reservoir cap. Check the fluid.
2. Raise the front wheels off the floor. Refer to the appropriate Service Information article for the procedure.
3. Tightly insert the stopper of the vacuum pump into the reservoir.
4. Start the engine.
5. Install the vacuum pump, apply vacuum and maintain the maximum vacuum of 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg).
6. If equipped with Hydro-Boost®, apply the brake pedal twice.
7. Cycle the steering wheel fully from stop-to-stop 10 times.
8. Stop the engine.
9. Release the vacuum and remove the vacuum pump.
10. Fill the reservoir. Use approved transmission fluid.
11. Start the engine.
12. Install the vacuum pump. Apply and maintain the maximum vacuum of 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg).
13. Cycle the steering wheel fully from stop-to-stop 10 times.
14. Stop the engine, release the vacuum and remove the vacuum pump.
15. Fill the reservoir as needed and install the reservoir cap.
16. Visually inspect the power steering system for leaks.
17. Fill the reservoir as needed and visually inspect the power steering system for leaks.
18. Install the reservoir cap.

Power Steering System Filling

Special Tools Illustration Tool Name Tool Number Evacuation Cap, Power Steering 211-265 or equivalent Fill Adapter Manifold, Power Steering 211-327 or equivalent Vacuum Pump Kit 416-D002 (D95L-7559-A) or equivalent

Material

1. Remove the power steering pump reservoir cap.
2. Tightly install the evacuation cap to the power steering pump reservoir.
3. Install the hose from the fill adapter manifold tee to the evacuation cap on the power steering pump reservoir.
4. Install the vacuum pump to the fill adapter manifold control valve.
5. Install the hose to the opposite fill adapter manifold control valve and submerge the open end of the hose into a container of new power steering fluid.
6. Close the fill adapter manifold control valve connected to the power steering fluid container.
7. Open the fill adapter manifold control valve connected to the vacuum pump.
8. Using the vacuum pump, apply 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg) of vacuum to the power steering system.
9. Observe the vacuum gauge for 30 seconds.
10. If the vacuum gauge reading drops more than 3 kPa (0.88 in-Hg), correct any leaks in the power steering system or the filling tools before proceeding.
11. Slowly open the fill adapter manifold control valve connected to the power steering fluid container until power steering fluid completely fills the hose.
12. Close the fill adapter manifold control valve connected to the power steering fluid container.
13. Using the vacuum pump, apply 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg) of vacuum to the power steering system.
14. Close the fill adapter manifold control valve connected to the vacuum pump.
15. Slowly open the fill adapter manifold control valve connected to the power steering fluid container.
16. When the power steering fluid has drained from the hose connected to the power steering fluid container, close the fill adapter manifold control valve connected to the power steering fluid container.
17. Remove the tools from the vehicle.
18. Install the power steering reservoir cap.
19. Start the engine and turn the steering wheel from stop-to-stop.
20. If equipped with Hydro-Boost®, apply the brake pedal twice.
21. Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.
22. Remove the power steering reservoir cap and fill the reservoir.
23. Install the power steering reservoir cap.

See also:
• POWER STEERING
• STEERING COLUMN
• STEERING COLUMN SWITCHES
• VEHICLE DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
• MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
• MULTIFUNCTION ELECTRONIC MODULES
• MODULE CONFIGURATION
• SUSPENSION SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION
• NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS
• ENGINE SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION
• CHARGING SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION
• WHEELS AND TIRES
• FRONT SUSPENSION
• REAR SUSPENSION
• Power Steering System Purging
• Power Steering System Flushing
• Symptom Chart - Steering System
• Pinpoint Test A
• Pinpoint Test B
• Pinpoint Test C
• Pinpoint Test D
• Pinpoint Test E
• Pinpoint Test F
• Steering Linkage
• Power Steering System Filling
• Power Steering Fluid Leak Test
• Steering Gear Valve