Anti-Lock Brake System Ford Taurus X I

Material

Material

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS TABLE

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS TABLE

ABS With Traction Control and Interactive Vehicle Dynamics (IVD)

The ABS with traction control and interactive vehicle dynamics (IVD) consists of the following components

1. ABS module
2. Front wheel speed sensors
3. Front wheel speed sensor rings (integral to the front wheel bearing)
4. Hydraulic control unit (HCU)
5. Rear wheel speed sensors
6. Rear wheel speed sensor rings (integral to the rear wheel bearing)
7. Stability control sensor cluster
8. Steering wheel rotation sensor
9. Stability/traction control switch

The ABS prevents wheel lock-up by monitoring the wheel speed sensors and actuating the valves in the HCU, which modulates the brake pressure to the brake calipers. By preventing the wheels from locking up, the driver is able to maintain steering control and stop in the shortest possible distance under most conditions. The traction control system utilizes the same components as the ABS to prevent wheel spin and help maintain vehicle control during acceleration. The IVD system utilizes the same components as the ABS and the traction control systems and also monitors the steering wheel position sensor and the stability control sensor cluster to assist in stabilizing the vehicle during abrupt maneuvers.

The front wheel speed sensor rings are integral to the front hub and bearing assemblies. Refer to FRONT SUSPENSION article.

The rear wheel speed sensor rings are integral to the rear hub and bearing assemblies. Refer to REAR SUSPENSION article.

Anti-Lock Control

Special Tools Illustration Tool Name Tool Number 73III Automotive Meter 105-R0057 or equivalent Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester 105-R0110 or equivalent Flex Probe Kit 105-R025B or equivalent Vehicle Communication Module (VCM) and Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) software with appropriate hardware, or equivalent scan tool

Scheme 20

Scheme 21

Scheme 22

The ABS module receives wheel speed readings from each wheel speed sensor and processes this information to determine if an ABS event is necessary. The wheel speed sensor detects the magnetic field of the sensor ring as it passes the face of the active wheel speed sensor.

The active wheel speed sensor generates a signal that is sent to the ABS module. The wheel speed sensor circuitry connects to the ABS module through 2 wires and a connector at each wheel speed sensor. When the ignition is turned to the RUN position, the ABS module carries out a self-test by sending a reference voltage to all of the wheel speed sensors through their circuitry to determine if they are functional.

The ABS module continuously monitors and compares the rotational speed of each wheel and when it detects an impending wheel lock, modulates brake pressure to the appropriate brake caliper. This is accomplished by triggering the hydraulic control unit (HCU) to open and close the appropriate solenoid valves. Once the affected wheel returns to normal speed, the ABS module returns the solenoid valves to their normal position and normal (base) braking resumes.

The HCU has additional internal solenoid valves incorporated to enable control of the wheel brake pressures.

The ABS module is self-monitoring. When the ignition switch is turned to the RUN position, the ABS module will carry out a preliminary electrical check, and above 32 km/h (20 mph) the pump motor is turned on for approximately 1/2 second. Also, during all phases of operation the ABS module, with the vehicle in motion, checks for correct operation of the wheel speed sensors. Any malfunction of the ABS will cause the ABS to shut off. Normal power assisted braking, however, remains.

ABS Module Configuration

The ABS module must be configured when any one of the following components are installed new

1. ABS module
2. HCU
3. Stability control sensor cluster
4. Steering wheel rotation sensor

To configure the ABS module, refer to Programmable Module Installation in MODULE CONFIGURATION article.

Stability Assist System

With the ignition switch in the START or RUN positions, the ABS module functions similarly to a conventional ABS by monitoring and comparing the rotational speed of each wheel. Wheel speeds are measured by the wheel speed sensor, which detects the magnetic field of the sensor ring as it passes the face of the active wheel speed sensor. When the ABS module detects an impending wheel lock, wheel spin or vehicle motion that is inconsistent with the driver commands, brake pressure is modulated to the appropriate brake caliper(s) and the PCM modulates engine torque. The ABS module triggers the HCU to open and close the appropriate solenoid valves and the PCM regulates fuel and spark to the cylinders. Once the affected wheel(s) return to the desired speed or the undesired vehicle motion stops, the ABS module returns the solenoid valves to their normal position, the PCM returns the fuel and spark to their normal operation and normal ABS brake operation is restored.

Engine Only Traction Assist

Some vehicles may be equipped with an engine only traction control (EOTC) system. In order to achieve maximum traction, the EOTC system is designed to limit wheel spin by modulating engine torque when driving on slippery or loose surfaces. Engine torque modulation is achieved by regulating fuel and spark to the cylinders. This means that the traction control system is controlled by the PCM and not the ABS module. The only function of the ABS module in an EOTC system is to provide wheel speed information to the PCM along the high-speed controller area network (HS-CAN) bus. The PCM uses the wheel speed information to determine when traction control is needed.

The traction assist system can be disabled by pressing the stability/traction control switch (located on the instrument panel center finish panel) and is indicated by the yellow traction control indicator on the instrument cluster. The traction assist system will reset and return to normal operation when the ignition switch is cycled or when the switch is pressed and released a second time during the same ignition cycle.

The traction assist system is contained in the PCM and is configured when the PCM is configured. Refer to Programmable Module Installation in MODULE CONFIGURATION article.

Interactive Vehicle Dynamics (IVD)

The ABS module monitors the stability control sensor cluster and the steering wheel rotation sensor and calculates if the vehicle may be approaching a situation where vehicle stabilization is needed. If such a situation exists, the ABS module activates the interactive vehicle dynamic (IVD) system to apply preemptive action. When activated, the IVD system adjusts the brake torque at specific wheels in response to direct measurement of the driver intended vehicle motion. By adjusting brake torque, the system can reduce the cornering forces on the vehicle.

Information from the stability control sensor cluster is fed into the ABS module. The module uses information from the wheel speed sensors, the throttle position sensor, the steering wheel rotation sensor and the sensor cluster to measure the change in vehicle direction. If the module determines from all these inputs that conditions exist for a potential instability event, the system applies one or more brakes and reduces engine torque to make the vehicle more stable.

The ABS module constantly monitors the vehicle motion relative to the intended course. This is done by using sensors to compare the steering input and brake application with that of the actual vehicle motion. The system does not activate when the vehicle is traveling in reverse; however, the ABS and traction assist continue to function as usual.

The stability/traction control switch allows the driver to control use of the stability assist system. This is independent of the ABS function, which cannot be switched off by the driver. The stability assist system status is indicated by a stability assist warning lamp in the stability/traction control switch. An illuminated stability/traction control switch indicates that the stability assist system is switched off. The anti-lock brake function continues to work as designed unless the yellow ABS warning indicator is also illuminated. Normal braking function always occurs, unless the red brake warning indicator is illuminated.

When stability assist activates, any of the following can occur

1. A rumble or grinding sound much like ABS
2. A small deceleration or a reduction in the acceleration of the vehicle
3. The stability assist indicator flashes
4. A vibration is felt in the pedal much like ABS

Stability Control Sensor Cluster

The stability control sensor cluster consists of the yaw rate sensor and a lateral accelerometer. The lateral accelerometer measures the acceleration which corresponds to the force involved when the vehicle slides sideways. This acceleration has 2 forms. The first is the centrifugal acceleration which is generated when the vehicle travels around in a circle. The second is the acceleration due to gravity. On level ground there is no contribution from this acceleration. However, if the vehicle is parked sideways on a bank or incline, the sensor measures some lateral acceleration due to gravity even though the vehicle is not moving.

The yaw rate sensor measures the relative vehicle motion about the vertical axis through its center of gravity.

The sensor cluster receives power from the battery junction box (BJB) and is grounded to the vehicle chassis. The sensor communicates with the ABS module along a secondary, dedicated controller area network 2 (CAN2) bus.

Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor

The steering wheel rotation sensor measures the rate of rotation of the steering wheel by monitoring the steering wheel rotation ring as it passes through the sensor gap. On vehicles equipped with IVD the steering wheel rotation sensor is hard-wired to the ABS module and sends the information about whether the steering wheel is being turned left or right and how far it is being turned to the ABS module. The ABS module then sends the information to the power steering control module along the HS-CAN. On vehicles without IVD, the steering wheel rotation sensor is hard-wired to the power steering control module instead of the ABS module. For information on the power steering control module, refer to STEERING SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION article.

The rotation sensor receives power from the BJB and is grounded through the ABS module (on vehicles with IVD) or through the power steering control module (on vehicles without IVD).

Inspection and Verification

1. Verify the customer concern.
2. Verify the stoplamps operate correctly by pressing and releasing the brake pedal with the ignition switch in the ON position. If the stoplamps do not operate correctly, refer to «EXTERIOR LIGHTING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/exterior-lights/#exterior-lighting-system) article. If the stoplamps operate correctly, proceed to the next step.
3. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical or electrical damage. VISUAL INSPECTION CHART Mechanical Electrical Base brake system Hydraulic control unit (HCU) Incorrectly inflated tires Mismatched wheels or tires on vehicle Wheel speed sensor rings ABS module Battery junction box (BJB) fuse(s): 9 (40A) 12 (20A) 38 (10A) Stability control sensor cluster Stability/traction control switch Steering wheel rotation sensor Stoplamp switch Wheel speed sensors Wiring, terminals or connectors
4. If the cause is not visually evident, connect the scan tool to the data link connector (DLC).
5. If the scan tool does not communicate with the VCM: check the VCM connection to the vehicle. check the scan tool connection to the VCM. refer to «MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-communications-network-system) article, No Power To The Scan Tool, to diagnose no communication with the scan tool.
6. If the scan tool does not communicate with the vehicle: verify the ignition key is in the ON position. verify the scan tool operation with a known good vehicle. refer to «MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-communications-network-system) article to diagnose no response from the PCM.
7. Carry out the network test. If the scan tool responds with no communication for one or more modules, refer to «MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-communications-network-system) article. If the network test passes, retrieve and record continuous memory DTCs.
8. Clear the continuous DTCs and carry out the self-test diagnostics for the ABS module.
9. If the DTCs retrieved are related to the concern, go to «ABS Module DTC Table»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__abs-module-dtc-table) or the «Instrument Cluster DTC Table»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__instrument-cluster-dtc-table) . For all other DTCs, refer to «MULTIFUNCTION ELECTRONIC MODULES»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#multifunction-electronic-modules-system) article.
10. If no DTCs related to the concern are retrieved, go to «Symptom Chart»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) .

ABS Module DTC Table

Instrument Cluster DTC Table

Symptom Chart

Symptom Chart

Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1676 - Battery Pack Voltage Out of Range

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

Normal Operation

The operating voltage required for ABS module, hydraulic pump and isolation valve operation is in a range between 10 and 16 volts.

Fused battery voltage is supplied to the ABS module by battery junction box (BJB) fuse 9 (40A) along circuit SBB09 (RD) and by BJB fuse 12 (20A) along circuit SBB12 (GN/RD). Fused ignition voltage is supplied to the ABS module by BJB fuse 38 (10A) along circuit CBB38 (GY/BU). Ground is provided along circuit GD120 (BK/GN).

1. DTC B1676 Battery Pack Voltage Out of Range - With the ignition key in the RUN position and wheel speed greater than 6 km/h (3.7 mph), if the voltage to the ABS module rises above 16.9 volts or falls below 7.6 volts, DTC B1676 will set.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Fuse(s)
2. Wiring, terminals or connectors
3. Charging system
4. ABS module

Scheme 23

Scheme 24

1. A1 CHECK THE BATTERY VOLTAGE Measure the battery voltage between the positive and negative battery terminals with the key ON and the engine OFF (KOEO), and with the engine running. Is the battery voltage between 10 and 13 volts with KOEO, and between 13 and 16 volts with the engine running? YES : Go to A2 . NO : REFER to «CHARGING SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/charging-system/#charging-system-general-information) article to continue diagnosis of the charging system. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
2. A2 CHECK FOR VOLTAGE TO THE ABS MODULE Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between ground and: ABS module C135-1, circuit SBB09 (RD), harness side. ABS module C135-25, circuit SBB12 (GN/RD), harness side. ABS module C135-32, circuit CBB38 (GY/BU), harness side. Are the voltages greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to A3 . NO : VERIFY BJB fuses 9 (40A), 12 (20A) and 38 (10A) are OK. If OK, REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. If a fuse is open, REFER to the Wiring Diagram Manual to identify possible causes of the circuit short.
3. A3 CHECK CIRCUIT GD120 (BK/GN) FOR AN OPEN Key in OFF position. Measure the resistance between ground and: ABS module C135-13, circuit GD120 (BK/GN), harness side. ABS module C135-38, circuit GD120 (BK/GN), harness side. Are the resistances less than 5 ohms? YES : CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. If DTC B1676 is retrieved again, go to A4 . NO : REPAIR circuit GD120 (BK/GN). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
4. A4 CHECK FOR CORRECT ABS MODULE OPERATION Check ABS module C135 for: corrosion. pushed-out pins. spread terminals. Connect the ABS module connector and make sure it seats correctly. Operate the system and verify the concern is still present. Is the concern still present? YES : INSTALL a new ABS module. REFER to «Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test B: DTCs C1145, C1155, C1165 and C1175 - Wheel Speed Sensor Input Circuit Failure

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

Active wheel speed sensors generate a square wave current signal that is sent to the ABS module. The wheel speed sensor circuitry connects to the ABS module through 2 wires and a connector at each wheel speed sensor. When the ignition switch is turned to the RUN position, the ABS module carries out a self-test by sending a reference voltage through the wheel speed sensors and their circuitry to determine if they are functional.

Battery voltage and ground are supplied to the active wheel speed sensors from the ABS module.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Wheel speed sensor ring (part of the hub and bearing assembly)
2. Wheel speed sensors
3. Wiring, terminals or connectors
4. ABS module

Note. If the ignition switch is turned to the ON position when one or more wheel speed sensors are disconnected, the ABS module will disable the output to that sensor. Make sure all test connections are made at the wheel speed sensor connector before turning the ignition key to the ON position.

1. B1 CHECK FOR FAULT REPEATABILITY Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: Clear the Continuous DTCs Drive the vehicle at least 16 km/h (10 mph). Retrieve and document continuous DTCs. Is DTC C1145, C1155, C1165 or C1175 retrieved? YES : For DTCs C1145 and C1155 , if the Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester is available, go to B2 . If the Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester is not available, go to B4 . For DTCs C1165 and C1175 , go to B4 . NO : INSPECT the wheel speed sensors, wheel speed sensor wiring and wheel speed sensor tone rings. REPAIR or INSTALL new as necessary. If any other DTCs are retrieved, go to the «ABS Module DTC Table»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__abs-module-dtc-table) .
2. B2 CHECK THE ABS MODULE OUTPUT USING THE ACTIVE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR TESTER Key in OFF position. Disconnect: Suspect Wheel Speed Sensor Connect the Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester to the wheel speed sensor connectors. Select the correct system polarity on the tester and turn the tester power switch to the ON position. Key in ON position. Is the module output LED illuminated? YES : Go to B3 . NO : Go to B6 .
3. B3 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR OUTPUT WITH THE ACTIVE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR TESTER Raise the suspect wheel until it can spin freely. Refer to «JACKING AND LIFTING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-and-lifting) article. While monitoring the Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester, slowly spin the suspect wheel. Do the sensor output LEDs illuminate and flash and is the current overload LED not illuminated? YES : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : If the current level LED is not illuminated and the sensor output LEDs do not illuminate or if the current level LED is illuminated red, INSTALL a new wheel speed sensor. For the front wheel speed sensor, REFER to «Wheel Speed Sensor - Front»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. If the current level LED is not illuminated and the sensor output LEDs illuminate green but do not flash, INSPECT the wheel hub and bearing (tone ring is part of the wheel bearing), REFER to Wheel Bearing Check in «NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/oem-general-information/#noise-vibration-and-harshness) article. If the wheel hub and bearing are OK, INSTALL a new wheel speed sensor. For the front wheel speed sensor, REFER to «Wheel Speed Sensor - Front»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
4. B4 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUITS FOR A SHORT TO VOLTAGE NOTE: Both circuits must be checked for each DTC. Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Disconnect: Suspect Wheel Speed Sensor Key in ON position. For DTC C1145, measure the voltage between ground and: ABS module C135-18, circuit VCA05 (GY/VT), harness side. ABS module C135-6, circuit RCA19 (VT), harness side. For DTC C1155, measure the voltage between ground and: ABS module C135-34, circuit RCA17 (YE), harness side. ABS module C135-21, circuit VCA03 (VT/WH), harness side. For DTC C1165, measure the voltage between ground and: ABS module C135-31, circuit RCA20 (BN), harness side. ABS module C135-19, circuit VCA06 (WH/OG), harness side. For DTC C1175, measure the voltage between ground and: ABS module C135-33, circuit VCA04 (BU/OG), harness side. ABS module C135-20, circuit RCA18 (BN/GN), harness side. Is any voltage present? YES : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : Go to B5 .
5. B5 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUITS FOR A SHORT TO GROUND NOTE: Both circuits must be checked for each DTC. Key in OFF position. For DTC C1145, measure the resistance between ground and: ABS module C135-18, circuit VCA05 (GY/VT), harness side. ABS module C135-6, circuit RCA19 (VT), harness side. For DTC C1155, measure the resistance between ground and: ABS module C135-34, circuit RCA17 (YE), harness side. ABS module C135-21, circuit VCA03 (VT/WH), harness side. For DTC C1165, measure the resistance between ground and: ABS module C135-31, circuit RCA20 (BN), harness side. ABS module C135-19, circuit VCA06 (WH/OG), harness side. For DTC C1175, measure the resistance between ground and: ABS module C135-33, circuit VCA04 (BU/OG), harness side. ABS module C135-20, circuit RCA18 (BN/GN), harness side. Are the resistances greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to B6 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
6. B6 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUITS FOR AN OPEN NOTE: Both circuits must be checked for each DTC. Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Disconnect: Suspect Wheel Speed Sensor Measure the resistance between the ABS module connector, harness side and the suspect wheel speed sensor connector, harness side as indicated in the following chart: Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit ABS Module DTC C1145 - Wheel Speed Sensor RF Input Circuit Failure C160-1 RCA19 (VT) C135-6 C160-2 VCA05 (GY/VT) C135-18 DTC C1155 - Wheel Speed Sensor LF Input Circuit Failure C150-1 RCA17 (YE) 135-34 C150-2 VCA03 (VT/WH) C135-21 DTC C1165 - Wheel Speed Sensor RR Input Circuit Failure C3116-1 VCA06 (WH/OG) C135-19 C3116-2 RCA20 (BN) C135-31 DTC C1175 - Wheel Speed Sensor LR Input Circuit Failure C3117-1 RCA18 (BN/GN) C135-20 C3117-2 VCA04 (BU/OG) C135-33 Are the resistances less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to B7 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the ABS self-test.
7. B7 CHECK FOR SHORTED WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUITS Measure the resistance between the suspect wheel speed sensor pins, harness side. Is the resistance greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : Go to B8 .
8. B8 CHECK THE ABS MODULE OUTPUT NOTE: Make sure all test connections are made at the wheel speed sensor before the ignition key is turned to the ON position. Key in OFF position. Connect: ABS Module C135 Connect the meter to the suspect wheel speed sensor electrical connector, harness side. Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between the suspect wheel speed sensor pins, harness side. Is the voltage greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to B10 . NO : Go to B9 .
9. B9 CHECK FOR CORRECT ABS MODULE OPERATION Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Check for: corrosion. pushed-out pins. spread terminals. Connect the ABS module connector and make sure it seats correctly. Operate the system and verify the concern is still present. Is the concern still present? YES : INSTALL a new ABS module. REFER to «Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
10. B10 CHECK FOR CORRECT WHEEL SPEED SENSOR OPERATION Disconnect: Wheel Speed Sensor Connector Check for: corrosion. pushed-out pins. spread terminals. Connect the wheel speed sensor connector and make sure it seats correctly. Operate the system and verify the concern is still present. Is the concern still present? YES : INSTALL a new wheel speed sensor. REFER to «Wheel Speed Sensor - Front»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) , «Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear, Front Wheel Drive (FWD)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__wheel-speed-sensor-rear-front) or «Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear, All Wheel Drive (AWD)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test C: DTCs C1222, C1296, C1297, C1298 and C1299 - Wheel Speed Sensor Signal Fault

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

The wheel speed sensor and sensor ring generates a square wave current signal to the ABS module that is proportional to the wheel speed. The ABS module compares the wheel speed inputs from all the wheel speed sensors to determine an impending wheel lockup. Incorrect tire size can set these DTCs as well.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. ABS module
2. Wheel speed sensor ring
3. Wheel speed sensor

Note. If the ignition key is turned to the ON position when one or more wheel speed sensors are disconnected, the ABS module will disable the output to that sensor. Make sure all test connections are made at the wheel speed sensors before turning the ignition key to the ON position.

1. C1 CHECK THE DTCs FROM THE SELF-TEST Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Retrieve the ABS module DTCs. Are DTCs C1145, C1155, C1165 or C1175 present? YES : Go to «Pinpoint Test B»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__pinpoint-test-b-dtcs-c1145-c1155) . NO : For DTC C1222 , go to C6 . For DTCs C1296 and C1297 , if the Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester is available, go to C2 . If the Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester is not available, go to C5 . For DTCs C1298 and C1299 , Go to C5 . For all other DTCs , go to the «ABS Module DTC Table»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__abs-module-dtc-table) .
2. C2 CHECK THE ABS MODULE OUTPUT USING THE ACTIVE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR TESTER Key in OFF position. Disconnect: Suspect Wheel Speed Sensor Connect the Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester to the wheel speed sensor connectors. Select the correct system polarity on the tester and turn the tester power switch to the ON position. Key in ON position. Is the module output LED illuminated? YES : Go to C4 . NO : Go to C3 .
3. C3 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CIRCUITS FOR AN OPEN NOTE: Both circuits must be checked for each DTC. Disconnect: Suspect Wheel Speed Sensor Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Measure the resistance between the ABS module connector, harness side and the suspect wheel speed sensor connector, harness side as indicated in the following chart: Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit ABS Module DTC C1296 - Wheel Speed Sensor LF Input Circuit Failure C150-1 RCA17 (YE) 135-34 C150-2 VCA03 (VT/WH) C135-21 DTC C1297 - Wheel Speed Sensor RF Input Circuit Failure C160-1 RCA19 (VT) C135-6 C160-2 VCA05 (GY/VT) C135-18 Are the resistances less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to C7 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
4. C4 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR OUTPUT WITH THE ACTIVE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR TESTER Raise the suspect wheel until it can spin freely. Refer to «JACKING AND LIFTING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-and-lifting) article. While monitoring the Active Wheel Speed Sensor Tester, slowly spin the suspect wheel. Do the sensor output LEDs illuminate and flash and is the current overload LED not illuminated? YES : INSPECT the wheel speed sensor tone ring for damage and looseness. INSTALL new components as necessary. If the tone ring is OK, the concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : If the current level LED is not illuminated and the sensor output LEDs do not illuminate or if the current level LED is illuminated red, INSTALL a new wheel speed sensor. For the front wheel speed sensor, REFER to «Wheel Speed Sensor - Front»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. If the current level LED is not illuminated and the sensor output LEDs illuminate green but do not flash, INSPECT the wheel hub and bearing (tone ring is part of the wheel bearing), REFER to Wheel Bearing Check in «NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/oem-general-information/#noise-vibration-and-harshness) article. If the wheel hub and bearing are OK, INSTALL a new wheel speed sensor. For the front wheel speed sensor, REFER to «Wheel Speed Sensor - Front»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
5. C5 CHECK THE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR OUTPUT NOTE: Make sure all test connections are made at the wheel speed sensors before the ignition key is turned to the ON position. Key in OFF position. Disconnect: Suspect Wheel Speed Sensor For DTC C1296: connect a fused (5A) jumper wire between LH front wheel speed sensor C150 pin-1, component side and LH front wheel speed sensor C150-1, circuit RCA17 (YE), harness side. connect the automotive meter between LH front wheel speed sensor C150 pin-2, component side and LH front wheel speed sensor C150-2, circuit VCA03 (VT/WH), harness side. For DTC C1297: connect a fused (5A) jumper wire between RH front wheel speed sensor C160 pin-1, component side and RH front wheel speed sensor C160-1, circuit RCA19 (VT), harness side. connect the automotive meter between RH front wheel speed sensor C160 pin-2, component side and RH front wheel speed sensor C160-2, circuit VCA05 (GY/VT), harness side. For DTC C1298: connect a fused (5A) jumper wire between RH rear wheel speed sensor C3116 pin-1, component side and RH rear wheel speed sensor C3116-1, circuit VCA06 (WH/OG), harness side. connect the automotive meter between RH rear wheel speed sensor C3116 pin-2, component side and RH rear wheel speed sensor C3116-2, circuit RCA20 (BN), harness side. For DTC C1299: connect a fused (5A) jumper wire between LH rear wheel speed sensor C3117 pin-1, component side and LH rear wheel speed sensor C3117-1, circuit RCA18 (BN/GN), harness side. connect the automotive meter between LH rear wheel speed sensor C3117 pin-2, component side and LH rear wheel speed sensor C3117-2, circuit VCA04 (BU/OG), harness side. Key in ON position. Measure the current while slowly spinning the wheel. Does the automotive meter switch between approximately 7 mA and 14 mA? YES : Go to C7 . NO : INSTALL a new wheel speed sensor. REFER to «Wheel Speed Sensor - Front»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) , «Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear, Front Wheel Drive (FWD)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__wheel-speed-sensor-rear-front) or «Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear, All Wheel Drive (AWD)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
6. C6 CHECK FOR CORRECT ABS MODULE CONFIGURATION Verify that the tires are the correct size for the vehicle as indicated on the vehicle certification (VC) label. Carry out the ABS module configuration. Verify that the vehicle data matches the vehicle options. Refer to Programmable Module Installation in «MODULE CONFIGURATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-configuration-system) article. Clear the DTCs. Carry out the ABS module on-demand self test. Is DTC 1222 still present? YES : Go to C7 . NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a mis-configured ABS module.
7. C7 CHECK FOR CORRECT ABS MODULE OPERATION Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Check for: corrosion. pushed-out pins. spread terminals. Connect the ABS module connector and make sure it seats correctly. Operate the system and verify the concern is still present. Is the concern still present? YES : INSPECT the wheel hub and bearing (tone ring is part of the wheel bearing). INSTALL new components as necessary. If the wheel hub and bearing are OK, INSTALL a new ABS module. REFER to «Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test D: DTC C1266 - ABS Valve Power Relay Circuit Failure

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

The operating voltage required for ABS module isolation valve operation is in a range between 10 and 16 volts.

Fused battery voltage is supplied to the ABS module for the valves by battery junction box (BJB) fuse 12 (20A) along circuit SBB12 (GN/RD) and ground is provided along circuit GD120 (BK/GN).

1. DTC C1266 ABS Valve Power Relay Circuit Failure - If the ABS module detects an open or a short to ground on the valve power feed circuit, DTC C1266 will be set.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Fuse
2. Wiring, terminals or connectors
3. ABS module

Scheme 25

Scheme 26

1. D1 CHECK FOR VOLTAGE TO THE ABS MODULE Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Measure the voltage between ABS module C135-25, circuit SBB12 (GN/RD), harness side and ground. Is the voltage greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to D2 . NO : VERIFY that BJB fuse 12 (20A) is OK, If OK, REPAIR circuit SBB12 (GN/RD). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. If the fuse is open, REFER to the Wiring Diagram Manual to identify possible causes of the circuit short.
2. D2 CHECK CIRCUIT GD120 (BK/GN) FOR AN OPEN Key in OFF position. Measure the resistance between ABS module C135-38, circuit GD120 (BK/GN), harness side and ground. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to D3 . NO : REPAIR circuit GD120 (BK/GN). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
3. D3 CHECK FOR CORRECT ABS MODULE OPERATION Check ABS module C135 for: corrosion. pushed-out pins. spread terminals. Connect the ABS module connector and make sure it seats correctly. Operate the system and verify the concern is still present. Is the concern still present? YES : INSTALL a new ABS module. REFER to «Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1300 - ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

The operating voltage required for hydraulic pump operation is in a range between 10 and 16 volts.

Fused battery voltage is supplied to the ABS module for pump motor operation by battery junction box (BJB) fuse 9 (40A) along circuit SBB09 (RD) and ground is provided along circuit GD120 (BK/GN).

1. DTC C1300 ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure - When the ignition switch is turned to the RUN position, the ABS module will do a preliminary electrical check and activate the pump motor for approximately 100 ms (+/-6 ms). The ABS hydraulic pump motor is then commanded off and the ABS module reads the voltage output by the motor after 6 ms. If the voltage indicates the motor is spinning at less than 500 RPM, there may be a locked motor. If this condition is detected 4 times, then DTC C1300 is set. The pump motor is also checked for an open circuit 2 seconds after the most recent successful pump motor off command. If the pump motor feedback remains greater than 0.75 volt for more than 50 ms (+/-6 ms) after these conditions have been met, DTC C1300 is set.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Fuse
2. Wiring, terminals or connectors
3. ABS module

Scheme 27

Scheme 28

1. E1 CHECK THE ABS PUMP MOTOR Key in ON position. Is the ABS pump motor running all the time? YES : Go to E5 . NO : Go to E2 .
2. E2 CHECK THE PUMP MOTOR (PMP_MOTOR) ACTIVE COMMAND Key in OFF position. Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS Toggle the PMP_MOTOR active command ON. Does the ABS pump motor run for approximately 3 seconds? YES : TOGGLE the PMP_MOTOR active command OFF. CLEAR the DTCs. CHECK the yellow ABS warning indicator, while driving the vehicle (brakes must not be applied) above 15 km/h (9 mph). If the yellow ABS warning indicator illuminates, RETRIEVE the DTCs. If DTC C1300 is retrieved, go to E5 . If the yellow ABS warning indicator does not illuminate, the system is OK. NO : TOGGLE the PMP_MOTOR active command OFF. Go to E3 .
3. E3 CHECK FOR VOLTAGE TO THE ABS MODULE Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between ABS module C135-1, circuit SBB09 (RD), harness side and ground. Is the voltage greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to E4 . NO : VERIFY that BJB fuse 9 (40A) is OK. If OK, REPAIR circuit SBB09 (RD). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. If a fuse is open, REFER to the Wiring Diagram Manual to identify possible causes of the circuit short.
4. E4 CHECK CIRCUIT GD120 (BK/GN) FOR AN OPEN Measure the resistance between ABS module C135-13, circuit GD120 (BK/GN), harness side and ground. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to E5 . NO : REPAIR circuit GD120 (BK/GN). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
5. E5 CHECK FOR CORRECT ABS MODULE OPERATION Check ABS Module C135 for: corrosion. pushed-out pins. spread terminals. Connect the ABS module connector and make sure it seats correctly. Operate the system and verify the concern is still present. Is the concern still present? YES : INSTALL a new ABS module. REFER to «Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test F: Poor Vehicle Tracking During Anti-lock Function

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

The operating voltage required for ABS module, hydraulic pump and isolation valve operation is in a range between 10 and 16 volts.

Fused battery voltage is supplied to the ABS module by battery junction box (BJB) fuse 9 (40A) along circuit SBB09 (RD) and by BJB fuse 12 (20A) along circuit SBB12 (GN/RD). Fused ignition voltage is supplied to the ABS module by BJB fuse 38 (10A) along circuit CBB38 (GY/BU). Ground is provided along circuit GD120 (BK/GN).

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Base brake system
2. Hydraulic control unit (HCU)

1. F1 BLEED THE BRAKE SYSTEM Bleed the hydraulic control unit (HCU). Refer to Brake System Bleeding in «BRAKE SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#brake-system-general-information) article. Test drive the vehicle. Does the vehicle still track poorly? YES : Go to F2 . NO : The brake system is operating correctly. The concern may have been caused by air in the hydraulic system or a sticky valve.
2. F2 CHECK THE ABS INLET VALVE (CLOSED POSITION) Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL position it on a hoist. Refer to «JACKING AND LIFTING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-and-lifting) article. Rotate all the wheels to make sure they rotate freely (the transaxle must be in NEUTRAL). Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS Toggle the left front inlet valve (LF_INLET) active command ON. Apply moderate brake pedal effort. Have an assistant attempt to rotate the LF wheel. Does the LF wheel rotate? YES : TOGGLE the LF_INLET active command OFF. Go to F3 . NO : TOGGLE the LF_INLET active command OFF. INSTALL a new HCU. REFER to «Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__hydraulic-control-unit-hcu) . TEST the system for normal operation.
3. F3 CHECK THE ABS INLET VALVE (OPEN POSITION) Apply moderate brake pedal effort. Have an assistant attempt to rotate the LF wheel. Does the LF wheel rotate? YES : INSTALL a new HCU. REFER to «Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__hydraulic-control-unit-hcu) . TEST the system for normal operation. NO : Go to F4 .
4. F4 CHECK THE ABS OUTPUT VALVE (OPEN POSITION) Apply moderate brake pedal effort. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS Toggle the left front inlet valve (LF_INLET) active command ON. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS NOTE: Each time the PMP_MOTOR active command is toggled to the ON position, the pump motor will run for 2 seconds. To complete this test step, the active command must be toggled 3 times. Toggle the hydraulic pump motor (PMP_MOTOR) active command ON for 6 seconds. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS Toggle the left front outlet valve (LF_OUTLET) active command ON, then toggle the LF_OUTLET active command OFF. Repeat 3 times. Have an assistant attempt to rotate the LF wheel. Does the LF wheel rotate? YES : TOGGLE all active commands OFF. Go to F5 . NO : TOGGLE all active commands OFF. INSTALL a new HCU. REFER to «Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__hydraulic-control-unit-hcu) . TEST the system for normal operation.
5. F5 CHECK THE ABS INLET AND OUTLET VALVE (CLOSED POSITION) Apply moderate brake pedal effort. Have an assistant attempt to rotate the LF wheel. Does the LF wheel rotate? YES : INSTALL a new HCU. REFER to «Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__hydraulic-control-unit-hcu) . TEST the system for normal operation. NO : REPEAT this procedure (beginning with Step F2) for the RF, LR and RR wheels using the appropriate active commands. If no failure occurs, the system is operating normally.

Pinpoint Test G: The Traction Control System is Inoperative or Cannot be Disabled

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Instrument Cluster for schematic and connector information.

The stability/traction control switch is a normally open switch. When the switch is pressed, the instrument cluster senses ground through the switch and sends a message to the PCM along the high-speed controller area network (HS-CAN) bus to disable the traction assist system. The instrument cluster will also illuminate the traction control indicator on the instrument cluster.

The instrument cluster is connected to the stability/traction control switch along circuit CCA15 (YE/GY) and the switch is connected to ground along circuit GD111 (BK/BU).

1. DTC C1093 Traction Control Disable Switch Circuit Failure - During normal operation, if the instrument cluster senses a short to ground on the traction control on/off circuit for more than 120 seconds or if during the on-demand self test, the instrument cluster senses a short to ground on the traction control on/off circuit, DTC C1093 will be set.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Wiring, terminals or connectors
2. Traction control switch
3. Instrument cluster

Scheme 29

Scheme 30

Scheme 31

1. G1 RETRIEVE AND RECORD DTCs Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Retrieve and record DTCs from the instrument cluster and the ABS module. Are any DTCs present? YES : If DTCs were retrieved from the ABS module, go to the «ABS Module DTC Table»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__abs-module-dtc-table) . If C1093 was retrieved from the instrument cluster, go to G2 . For all other instrument cluster DTCs , REFER to «INSTRUMENT CLUSTER (IC), MESSAGE CENTER, AND WARNING CHIMES»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/gauges-instrument-panels/#information-center) article to continue diagnosis of the instrument cluster. NO : Go to G2 .
2. G2 ISOLATE THE STABILITY/TRACTION CONTROL SWITCH Key in OFF position. Disconnect: Stability/Traction Control Switch C2114 Measure the resistance between stability/traction control switch pin-2 and pin-4, component side, while pressing and releasing the switch. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms with the switch pressed and greater than 10,000 ohms with the switch released? YES : Go to G3 . NO : INSTALL a new stability/traction control switch. REFER to «Stability/Traction Control Switch»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . TEST the system for normal operation.
3. G3 CHECK CIRCUIT CCA15 (YE/GY) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Disconnect: Instrument Cluster C220 Measure the resistance between stability/traction control switch C2114-2, circuit CCA15 (YE/GY), harness side and ground. Is the resistance greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to G4 . NO : REPAIR circuit CCA15 (YE/GY). TEST the system for normal operation.
4. G4 CHECK CIRCUIT CCA15 (YE/GY) FOR AN OPEN Measure the resistance between stability/traction control switch C2114-2, circuit CCA15 (YE/GY), harness side and instrument cluster C220-23, circuit CCA15 (YE/GY), harness side. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to G5 . NO : REPAIR circuit CCA15 (YE/GY). TEST the system for normal operation.
5. G5 CHECK CIRCUIT GD111 (BK/BU) FOR AN OPEN Measure the resistance between stability/traction control switch C2114-4, circuit GD111 (BK/BU), harness side and ground. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to G6 . NO : REPAIR circuit GD111 (BK/BU). TEST the system for normal operation.
6. G6 CHECK FOR CORRECT INSTRUMENT CLUSTER OPERATION Check instrument cluster C220 for: corrosion. pushed-out pins. spread terminals. Connect the instrument cluster connector and make sure it seats correctly. Operate the system and verify the concern is still present. Is the concern still present? YES : INSTALL a new instrument cluster. REFER to «INSTRUMENT CLUSTER (IC), MESSAGE CENTER, AND WARNING CHIMES»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/gauges-instrument-panels/#information-center) article. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test H: DTCs C1278 and C1956 - Steering Angle Sensor Circuit Fault

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

The steering wheel rotation sensor monitors the steering wheel position when the slotted-wheel in the sensor passes through the optical field of the sensor.

Fused ignition voltage is supplied to the rotation sensor from battery junction box (BJB) fuse 38 (10A) along circuit CBB38 (GY/BU). Ground for the sensor is provided by the ABS module along circuit RCA09 (GN/VT). The steering wheel rotation sensor sends information to the ABS module along circuits VCS06 (GY/BN) and VCS07 (VT/OG). If the ground or power to the steering wheel rotation sensor is interrupted, DTC C1278 will be set.

1. DTC C1278 Steering Wheel Angle 1 and 2 Signal Faulted - If the ABS module receives a message from the sensor cluster that is out of the normal operating range or one that does not agree with other sensor information, DTC C1278 will be set.
2. DTC C1956 Steering Angle Sensor Circuit Failure - If the ABS module detects an open, a short to ground or a short to voltage on any of the rotation sensor circuits, DTC C1956 will be set.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Wiring, terminals or connectors
2. Steering wheel rotation sensor

Note. Make sure that the steering wheel rotation sensor is mounted securely to the column with 2 fasteners. A loose sensor or missing fastener may result in incorrect sensor operation. Make sure that the sensor connector is mated securely to the harness connector. Before proceeding with electrical testing, make sure that the vehicle battery is fully charged.

Scheme 32

Scheme 33

Scheme 34

Scheme 35

Scheme 36

Scheme 37

1. H1 CARRY OUT THE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: Clear the DTCs Carry out the ABS module calibration procedure following the scan tool directions. Test drive the vehicle. Retrieve and record any ABS module DTCs. Are any DTCs retrieved or does the calibration procedure indicate a fault? YES : If DTC C1278 or C1956 is retrieved or if the calibration procedure indicates a fault, go to H2 . If any other DTCs are retrieved, go to the «ABS Module DTC Table»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__abs-module-dtc-table) . NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by an incorrect ABS module calibration. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
2. H2 MONITOR THE STEERING WHEEL ANGLE (ST_WH_ANG) PID Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS Monitor the ST_WH_ANG PID while rotating the steering wheel clockwise and counterclockwise very slowly. Does the PID move in intervals of 1 degree? YES : The system is operating correctly at this time. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : Go to H3 .
3. H3 CHECK FOR VOLTAGE AT THE STEERING WHEEL ROTATION SENSOR Key in OFF position. Disconnect: Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor C226 Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between steering wheel rotation sensor C226-4, circuit CBB38 (GY/BU), harness side and ground. Is the voltage greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to H4 . NO : VERIFY that BJB fuse 38 (10A) is OK. If OK, REPAIR circuit CBB38 (GY/BU). CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. If the fuse is open, REFER to the Wiring Diagram Manual to identify possible causes of the circuit short.
4. H4 CHECK CIRCUIT RCA09 (GN/VT) FOR AN OPEN Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Measure the resistance between steering wheel rotation sensor C226-1, circuit RCA09 (GN/VT), harness side and ABS module C135-12, circuit RCA09 (GN/VT), harness side. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to H5 . NO : REPAIR circuit RCA09 (GN/VT). CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
5. H5 CHECK CIRCUITS VCS06 (GY/BN) AND VCS07 (VT/OG) FOR A SHORT TO VOLTAGE Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between ground and: steering wheel rotation sensor C226-3, circuit VCS07 (VT/OG), harness side. steering wheel rotation sensor C226-2, circuit VCS06 (GY/BN), harness side. Is any voltage present? YES : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : Go to H6 .
6. H6 CHECK CIRCUITS VCS06 (GY/BN) AND VCS07 (VT/OG) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Key in OFF position. Measure the resistance between ground and: steering wheel rotation sensor C226-3, circuit VCS07 (VT/OG), harness side. steering wheel rotation sensor C226-2, circuit VCS06 (GY/BN), harness side. Are the resistances greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to H7 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
7. H7 CHECK CIRCUITS VCS06 (GY/BN) AND VCS07 (VT/OG) FOR AN OPEN Measure resistance between the steering wheel rotation sensorC226, harness side and ABS module C135, harness side using the following chart: Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor Circuit ABS Module C226-3 VCS07 (VT/OG) C135-29 C226-2 VCS06 (GY/BN) C135-8 Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to H8 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
8. H8 CHECK CIRCUITS VCS06 (GY/BN) AND VCS07 (VT/OG) FOR A SHORT TOGETHER Measure the resistance between steering wheel rotation sensor C226-3, VCS07 (VT/OG), harness side and steering wheel rotation sensor C226-2, circuit VCS06 (GY/BN), harness side. Is the resistance greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : INSTALL a new steering wheel rotation sensor. REFER to «Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. CLEAR the DTCs. CARRY OUT the self-test with the brake pedal not applied. NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test I: DTCs C1279, C1280, C1282 and U0074 - Sensor Cluster Fault

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

The yaw rate sensor and lateral accelerometer are contained in one module called the stability control sensor cluster. The sensor cluster measures the yaw rate and vehicle acceleration, then sends the signal through a secondary, dedicated controller area network 2 (CAN2) bus to the ABS module. The ABS module compares the information from the sensor cluster to information it receives from other sensors (brake pedal input, steering wheel rotation sensor, etc.) to determine how valid the information is and to determine if an instability event is about to occur.

Fused ignition voltage is provided to the sensor cluster along circuit CBB38 (GY/BU) and ground is provided by the ABS module along circuit RCA09 (GN/VT). The sensor cluster and the ABS module communicate along circuits VDB04 (WH/BU) and VDB05 (WH). An open circuit or a short to power or ground on any one of these 4 circuits will cause the ABS module to set a DTC. Also, if the sensor cluster is not mounted in the correct position, with the electrical connector facing the passenger seat, the ABS module will also set DTCs.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Wiring, terminals or connectors
2. Stability control sensor cluster
3. ABS module

Note. The vehicle must be on level ground, not on a hoist and at a complete standstill. Any vehicle movement will result in false values for this test.

Scheme 38

Scheme 39

Scheme 40

Scheme 41

Scheme 42

Scheme 43

1. I1 CARRY OUT THE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: Clear the DTCs Carry out the ABS module calibration procedure following the scan tool directions. Test drive the vehicle. Retrieve and record any ABS module DTCs. Are any DTCs retrieved or does the calibration procedure indicate a fault? YES : If DTC C1279, C1280 or C1282 is retrieved or if the calibration procedure indicates a fault, go to I2 . If DTC U0074 is retrieved, go to I5 . If any other DTCs are retrieved, go to the «ABS Module DTC Table»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__abs-module-dtc-table) . NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by an incorrect ABS module calibration. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
2. I2 CHECK THE VOLTAGE TO THE SENSOR CLUSTER Key in OFF position. Disconnect: Sensor Cluster C3073 Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between sensor cluster C3073-4, circuit CBB38 (GY/BU), harness side and ground. Is the voltage greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to I3 . NO : VERIFY that BJB fuse 38 (10A) is OK. If OK, REPAIR circuit CBB38 (GY/BU). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. If the fuse is open, REFER to the Wiring Diagram Manual to identify possible causes of the circuit short.
3. I3 CHECK CIRCUIT RCA09 (GN/VT) FOR AN OPEN Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Measure the resistance between sensor cluster C3073-1, circuit RCA09 (GN/VT), harness side and ABS module C135-12, circuit RCA09 (GN/VT), harness side. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to I4 . NO : REPAIR circuit RCA09 (GN/VT). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
4. I4 CHECK CIRCUIT RCA09 (GN/VT) FOR SHORT TO VOLTAGE Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between sensor cluster C3073-1, circuit RCA09 (GN/VT), harness side and ground. Is any voltage present? YES : REPAIR circuit RCA09 (GN/VT). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : Go to I5 .
5. I5 CHECK THE ABS MODULE YAW RATE (YAW_RATE_2) PID Key in OFF position. Connect: Sensor Cluster C3073 Connect: ABS Module C135 Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS NOTE: The vehicle must be on level ground and at a complete standstill. Any vehicle movement results in false values for this test. Monitor the YAW_RATE_2 PID. Is the YAW_RATE_2 PID value between -0.05 and 0.05? YES : Go to I6 . NO : CHECK the mounting of the sensor cluster. If OK, INSTALL a new sensor cluster. REFER to «Stability Control Sensor Cluster»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
6. I6 CHECK THE ABS MODULE LATERAL ACCELERATION (LAT_ACEL_2) PID Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS NOTE: The vehicle must be on level ground and at a complete standstill. Any vehicle movement results in false values for this test. Monitor the LAT_ACCL_2 PID. Is the LAT_ACCL_2 PID value between -0.007 and 0.007? YES : Go to I7 . NO : CHECK the mounting of the sensor cluster. If OK, INSTALL a new sensor cluster. REFER to «Stability Control Sensor Cluster»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
7. I7 CHECK CIRCUITS VDB04 (WH/BU) AND VDB05 (WH) FOR AN OPEN Key in OFF position. Disconnect: ABS Module C135 Disconnect: Sensor Cluster C3073 Measure the resistance between ABS module C135, harness and sensor cluster C3073, harness side using the following chart: ABS Module Circuit Sensor Cluster C135-37 VDB04 (WH/BU) C3073-3 C135-24 VDB05 (WH) C3073-2 Are the resistances less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to I8 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
8. I8 CHECK CIRCUITS VDB04 (WH/BU) AND VDB05 (WH) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Measure the resistance between ground and: sensor cluster C3073-3, circuit VDB04 (WH/BU), harness side. sensor cluster C3073-2, circuit VDB05 (WH), harness side. Are the resistances greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to I9 . NO : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.
9. I9 CHECK CIRCUITS VDB04 (WH/BU) AND VDB05 (WH) FOR A SHORT TO VOLTAGE Key in ON position. Measure the voltage between ground and: sensor cluster C3073-3, circuit VDB04 (WH/BU), harness side. sensor cluster C3073-2, circuit VDB05 (WH), harness side. Is any voltage present? YES : REPAIR the affected circuit(s). CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test. NO : Go to I10 .
10. I10 CHECK FOR CORRECT ABS MODULE OPERATION Disconnect all the ABS connectors. Check for: corrosion. pushed-out pins. spread terminals. Connect all the ABS connectors and make sure they seat correctly. Operate the system and verify the concern is still present. Is the concern still present? YES : INSTALL a new ABS module. REFER to «Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . TEST the system for normal operation. NO : The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector. CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test.

Pinpoint Test J: DTC C1288 and C1440 - Pressure Transducer Main/Primary Input Circuit Failure and Signal Faulted

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Vehicle Dynamic Systems for schematic and connector information.

The brake pressure transducer is integral to the hydraulic control unit (HCU). The transducer sends a signal to the ABS module that varies in relation to the amount of pressure applied to the brake pedal. The more pressure that is applied, the greater the signal sent to the ABS module. If a new transducer needs to be installed, then a new HCU must be installed.

1. DTC C1288 Pressure Transducer Main/Primary Input Circuit Failure - If the transducer is open, shorted to ground or shorted to voltage, DTC C1288 will be set.
2. DTC C1440 Pressure Transducer Main/Primary Signal Faulted - The signal that the brake pressure transducer sends to the ABS module is checked against other inputs to the module and if it does not agree with those inputs, DTC C1440 is set.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. HCU
2. ABS module

1. J1 MONITOR THE ABS MODULE BRAKE ON/OFF (BOO_ABS) PID Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS Press and release the brake pedal while monitoring the BOO_ABS PID. Does the PID switch to ON with the brake pedal pressed and then to OFF with the brake pedal released? YES : Go to J3 . NO : Go to J2 .
2. J2 MONITOR THE PCM BRAKE ON/OFF (BOO) PID Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger PCM Press and release the brake pedal while monitoring the BOO PID. Does the PID switch to ON with the brake pedal pressed and then to OFF with the brake pedal released? YES : REFER to «MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-communications-network-system) article to continue diagnosis of the controller area network (CAN). NO : REFER to «EXTERIOR LIGHTING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/exterior-lights/#exterior-lighting-system) article to continue diagnosis of the BOO switch and stoplamps.
3. J3 MONITOR THE ABS MODULE BRAKE PRESSURE (BRAKPRESS) PID Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS Firmly press and release the brake pedal while monitoring the BRAKPRES PID. Does the PID increase with firm pressure on the brake pedal and then decrease with the brake pedal released? YES : ROAD TEST the vehicle and have an assistant MONITOR the BRAKPRES PID. If the PID increases and decreases with pedal application and release, RETURN the vehicle to the customer. If the PID does not increase and decrease with pedal application and release, INSTALL a new HCU. REFER to «Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__hydraulic-control-unit-hcu) . CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. MONITOR the BRAKPRES PID while firmly applying and releasing the brake pedal. If the PID increases and decreases with pedal application and release, the system is operating correctly at this time. If the PID does not increase and decrease with pedal application and release, INSTALL a new ABS module, REFER to «Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test with the brake pedal not applied. NO : INSTALL a new HCU. REFER to «Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__hydraulic-control-unit-hcu) . CALIBRATE the ABS module. FOLLOW the scan tool directions for the calibration procedure. MONITOR the BRAKPRES PID while firmly applying and releasing the brake pedal. If the PID increases and decreases with pedal application and release, RETURN the vehicle to the customer. If the PID does not increase and decrease with pedal application and release, INSTALL a new ABS module, REFER to «Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system) . CLEAR the DTCs. REPEAT the self-test with the brake pedal not applied.

When the brake pedal is pressed, the brake on/off (BOO) switch closes and a voltage is sent to the smart junction box (SJB). The SJB then sends a message over the high-speed controller area network (HS-CAN) to the ABS module indicating that the brake pedal has been pressed.

1. DTC C1446 BOO Plausibility Fault(s) - During normal operation, the ABS module compares the BOO HS-CAN message to the hydraulic control unit (HCU) internal pressure transducer. If the BOO does not match the HCU transducer, DTC C1446 will be set.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

1. Wiring, terminals or connectors
2. BOO switch
3. SJB
4. HCU
5. ABS module

PINPOINT TEST K: DTC C1446 - BOO PLAUSIBILITY FAULT(S)

1. K1 CHECK THE SJB BRAKE ON/OFF (GEM_BOO) PID Connect the diagnostic tool. Key in ON position. Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger GEM Monitor the GEM_BOO PID while pressing and releasing the brake pedal. Does the PID agree with the brake pedal position (BPP)? YES : Go to K2 . NO : RETRIEVE and RECORD any SJB DTCs. REFER to the Master DTC Table in «MULTIFUNCTION ELECTRONIC MODULES»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#multifunction-electronic-modules-system) article.
2. K2 CHECK THE ABS MODULE BOO (BOO_ABS) PID Enter the following diagnostic mode on the diagnostic tool: DataLogger ABS Monitor the BOO_ABS PID while pressing and releasing the brake pedal. Does the PID agree with the BPP? YES : Go to K3 . NO : REFER to «MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/communication-devices/#module-communications-network-system) article to diagnose the vehicle communication bus.
3. K3 CHECK THE ABS MODULE BRAKE PRESSURE (BRAKPRES) PID Monitor the BRAKPRES PID while firmly pressing and releasing the brake pedal. Does the PID increase when the brake pedal is firmly pressed and decrease when the brake pedal is released? YES : The system is functioning correctly at this time. CYCLE the ignition, TEST drive the vehicle and CARRY OUT at least one ABS stop. NO : Go to «Pinpoint Test J»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__pinpoint-test-j-dtc-c1288-and) .

Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)

Material

Scheme 44

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

1. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. For additional information, refer to «JACKING AND LIFTING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-and-lifting) article.
2. Disconnect the ABS electrical connector.
3. Loosen the brake tube-to-hydraulic control unit (HCU) fittings and position the brake lines aside. To install, tighten to 17 Nm (150 lb-in).
4. Loosen the 2 bracket-to-HCU nuts and remove the HCU. To install, tighten to 8 Nm (71 lb-in).
5. To install, reverse the removal procedure. Bleed the brake system. For additional information, refer to «BRAKE SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#brake-system-general-information) article.

Scheme 45

Note. When installing a new ABS module, it must be configured (using vehicle as-built data) and calibrated. Follow the scan tool directions for the calibration procedures. For module configuration, refer to MODULE CONFIGURATION article.

1. Remove the hydraulic control unit (HCU). For additional information, refer to «Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/anti-locktraction-control/#anti-lock-brake-system__hydraulic-control-unit-hcu) .
2. Remove and discard the 4 screws. To install, tighten the new screws to 3 Nm (27 lb-in).
3. Remove the ABS module.
4. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Scheme 46

1. Remove the wheel and tire. For additional information, refer to «WHEELS AND TIRES»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/wheel-tire-system/#wheels-tires) article.
2. Disconnect the wheel speed sensor electrical connector.
3. Remove the 2 scrivets and position aside the fender splash shield.
4. Remove the wheel speed sensor harness pin-type retainer.
5. Remove the 2 wheel speed sensor harness retainers.
6. Remove the bolt and the wheel speed sensor. To install, tighten to 8 Nm (71 lb-in).
7. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear, Front Wheel Drive (FWD)

Note. LH side shown, RH side similar.

Scheme 47

1. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. For additional information, refer to «JACKING AND LIFTING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-and-lifting) article.
2. Disconnect the wheel speed sensor electrical connector.
3. Remove the 2 wheel speed sensor harness retainers.
4. Remove the wheel speed sensor bolt. To install, tighten to 8 Nm (71 lb-in).
5. Remove the wheel speed sensor.
6. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Scheme 48

All vehicles

1. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. For additional information, refer to «JACKING AND LIFTING»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-and-lifting) article.
2. Disconnect the wheel speed sensor electrical connector.
3. Remove the wheel speed sensor bolt. To install, tighten to 8 Nm (71 lb-in).
4. Release the wheel speed sensor harness spring clip and the 2 pin-type retainers from the rear control arm.
5. Release the wheel speed sensor harness pin-type retainer and remove the wheel speed sensor.
6. Release the wheel speed sensor harness spring clip and the 2 pin-type retainers from the rear control arm.
7. Release the 3 pin-type retainers and remove the wheel speed sensor.
8. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Scheme 49

Note. When installing a new stability control sensor cluster, the ABS module must be calibrated. Follow the scan tool directions for the calibration procedures.

1. Remove the front floor console. For additional information refer to «INSTRUMENT PANEL AND CONSOLE»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/gauges-instrument-panels/#instrument-panel-and-console) article.
2. Disconnect the stability control sensor cluster electrical connector.
3. Remove the stability control sensor cluster electrical harness retainers and position aside.
4. Remove the 2 stability control sensor cluster bracket bolts and the stability control sensor cluster. To install, tighten to 12 Nm (106 lb-in).
5. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Scheme 50

1. Remove the instrument panel center finish panel. For additional information, refer to «INSTRUMENT PANEL AND CONSOLE»(/ford/taurus-x/i-2007-2009/remont/gauges-instrument-panels/#instrument-panel-and-console) article.
2. Depress the 4 tabs and remove the stability/traction control switch from the instrument panel center finish panel.
3. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Scheme 51

1. Remove the 3 lower steering column shroud screws.
2. Separate and remove the upper and lower steering column shrouds.
3. Disconnect the steering wheel rotation sensor electrical connector.
4. Remove the 2 bolts and the steering wheel rotation sensor.
5. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

See also:
• FRONT SUSPENSION
• REAR SUSPENSION
• MODULE CONFIGURATION
• STEERING SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION
• EXTERIOR LIGHTING
• MODULE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
• MULTIFUNCTION ELECTRONIC MODULES
• ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROLS
• INSTRUMENT CLUSTER (IC), MESSAGE CENTER, AND WARNING CHIMES
• BRAKE SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION
• HYDRAULIC BRAKE ACTUATION
• POWER BRAKE ACTUATION
• CHARGING SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION
• JACKING AND LIFTING
• NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS
• WHEELS AND TIRES
• INSTRUMENT PANEL AND CONSOLE
• ABS Module DTC Table
• Instrument Cluster DTC Table
• Symptom Chart
• Pinpoint Test A
• Pinpoint Test B
• Pinpoint Test C
• Pinpoint Test D
• Pinpoint Test H
• Pinpoint Test I
• Pinpoint Test J
• Pinpoint Test E
• Pinpoint Test K
• Pinpoint Test G
• Pinpoint Test F
• Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear, Front Wheel Drive (FWD)
• Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)