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Starting System: Overview Ford Ranger II

Starter 22 illustrations ~2488 words

Starter System - Operation

When the ignition switch is turned to the START position the starter relay switches power to the starter solenoid causing the starter motor to engage as long as

  1. the clutch pedal is depressed (manual transmission only).
  2. the digital transmission range (TR) sensor is in PARK or NEUTRAL (automatic transmission only).
  3. the anti-theft system is disabled (if equipped).

Special Tools Illustration Tool Name Tool Number 73 Digital Multimeter 105-R0051 or equivalent Sabre Premium Battery and Electrical System Tester 010-00736

Principles of Operation

The starting system is electronically controlled by powertrain control module (PCM). The PCM recognizes the signal from the ignition switch and provides a ground for the starter relay. The energized relay provides voltage to the starter solenoid, thereby allowing the starter motor to activate.

Normal Operation

Under normal operation, voltage from the battery junction box (BJB) is supplied to the ignition switch through circuit SBB09 (RD). When the ignition switch is placed in the START position, voltage is supplied through circuit CDC35 (BU/WH) to smart junction box (SJB) fuse 21.

For automatic transmission equipped vehicles, voltage is supplied from SJB fuse 21 to the digital transmission range sensor through circuit CBP 21 (BU/GY) and then to the starter relay coil through circuit CET 40 (GN/OG). A ground is supplied through circuit CDC12 (YE) and the PCM.

For manual transmission equipped vehicles, voltage is supplied from SJB fuse 21 to the starter relay coil through circuit CBP 21 (BU/GY). A ground is supplied through circuit CDC12 (YE) and the PCM. The PCM will not supply ground to the starter relay coil unless the clutch is depressed, grounding the clutch pedal position bottom of travel input to the PCM on circuit CDC 36 (GN/BN).

When the starter relay coil is energized, the relay contacts close. This allows power to be supplied from BJB fuse 7 (40A) thought circuit SBB07 (WH/RD) to the relay contacts. Power then flows through circuit CDC25 (BN/GN) to the starter solenoid. The solenoid is grounded at the starter motor. Energizing the starter solenoid will engage the starter drive into the ring gear. It also closes the solenoid contacts allowing power directly from the battery to energize the starter motor to start the engine.

Possible Causes

  1. Battery
  2. Fuse BJB fuse 7 (40A) SJB fuse 21 (5A)
  3. Starter motor
  4. Ignition switch
  5. Circuitry
  6. Starter motor relay
  7. Clutch pedal position (CPP) switch

Scheme 1

Scheme 1: PINPOINT TEST A: THE ENGINE DOES NOT CRANK
Scheme 1: PINPOINT TEST A: THE ENGINE DOES NOT CRANK

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  1. A1 CHECK THE BATTERY Check the battery condition and charge. Refer to «CHARGING SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(ref-268768) article. Is the battery OK? YES : Go to A2 . NO : CHARGE or INSTALL a new battery as required. TEST the system for normal operation.
  2. A2 CHECK THE BATTERY GROUND CABLE Measure the voltage between the positive battery post and the battery ground cable connection at the cylinder block or the starter motor mounting stud bolt (for the 4.0L engine). Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to A3 . NO : INSTALL a new battery ground cable. TEST the system for normal operation.
  3. A3 CHECK THE STARTER MOTOR GROUND Measure the voltage between the battery positive post and the starter motor case. Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to A4 . NO : CLEAN the starter motor mounting flange and make sure the starter motor is correctly mounted. TEST the system for normal operation.
  4. A4 CHECK THE POWER SUPPLY TO THE STARTER MOTOR Measure the voltage at the starter motor B terminal. Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to A5 . NO : INSTALL a new positive battery cable. TEST the system for normal operation.
  5. A5 CHECK THE STARTER MOTOR B-TERMINAL Connect one end of a jumper wire to the B terminal of the starter motor and momentarily connect the other end to the starter solenoid S terminal. Does the starter motor engage and the engine crank? YES : Go to A6 . NO : INSTALL a new starter motor. TEST the system for normal operation.
  6. A6 CHECK START INPUT TO THE STARTER MOTOR Disconnect: Stater S Connector Key in START position. Measure the voltage at the starter motor solenoid S terminal. Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? YES : CLEAN the starter solenoid S terminal and connector. CHECK the wiring and the starter motor for a loose or intermittent connection. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : Go to A7 .
  7. A7 CHECK CIRCUIT CDC25 (BN/GN) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Disconnect: Starter Solenoid S Connector Measure the resistance between starter relay connector pin 30, circuit CDC25 (BN/GN) and ground. Is the resistance reading less than 10,000 ohms? YES : REPAIR circuit CDC25 (BN/GN) for a short to ground. CHECK BJB fuse 7 (40 A) for an open. INSTALL a new BJB fuse 7 (40 A) if necessary. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : Go to A8 .
  8. A8 CHECK CIRCUIT CDC25 (BN/GN) FOR AN OPEN Measure the resistance of circuit CDC25 (BN/GN) between starter relay connector pin 30 and the starter solenoid S connector. Is the resistance reading 5 ohms or less? YES : Go to A9 . NO : REPAIR circuit CDC25 (BN/GN) for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.
  9. A9 CHECK THE BATTERY SUPPLY TO THE STARTER RELAY Key in OFF position. Measure the voltage at starter relay connector pin 87, circuit SBB07 (WH/RD). Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to A13 . NO : Go to A10 .
  10. A10 CHECK BJB FUSE 7 (40A) FOR AN OPEN Key in OFF position. Disconnect: BJB Fuse 7 (40A) Check fuse: BJB Fuse 7 (40A) Is the BJB fuse 7 (40A) open? YES : Go to A11 . NO : Go to A12 .
  11. A11 CHECK CIRCUIT SBB07 (WH/RD) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Measure the resistance between starter relay connector pin 87, circuit SBB07 (WH/RD) and ground. Is the resistance less than 10,000 ohms? YES : REPAIR circuit SBB07 (WH/RD) for a short to ground. INSTALL a new BJB fuse 7 (40A). TEST the system for normal operation. NO : INSTALL a new BJB fuse 7 (40A). TEST the system for normal operation.
  12. A12 CHECK CIRCUIT SBB07 (WH/RD) FOR AN OPEN Measure the resistance between the output cavity of BJB fuse 7 (40A), circuit SBB07 (WH/RD) and starter relay connector pin 87, circuit SBB07 (WH/RD). Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : INSTALL a new positive battery cable. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : REPAIR circuit SBB07 for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.
  13. A13 CHECK THE START INPUT TO THE STARTER RELAY Key in START position. Measure the voltage at the starter relay connector pin 86 (2.3L) or pin 85 (3.0L and 4.0L) circuit CBP21 (BU/GY). Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to A14 . NO : If the vehicle is equipped with a manual transmission, go to A22 . If the vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission, go to A19 .
  14. A14 CHECK THE STARTER RELAY GROUND If the vehicle is equipped with a manual transmission, fully depress the clutch pedal. Key in START position. Measure the resistance between starter relay connector pin 85 (2.3L) or 86 (3.0L or 4.0L) circuit CDC12 (YE) and ground. Is the resistance reading 5 ohms or less? YES : INSTALL a new starter relay. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : Go to A15 .
  15. A15 CHECK CIRCUIT CDC12 (YE) FOR AN OPEN Disconnect: Powertrain Control Module (PCM) C175B Measure the resistance between starter relay connector pin 85 (2.3L) or 86 (3.0L or 4.0L) circuit CDC12 (YE) and PCM connector C175B pin 2. Is the resistance reading 5 ohms or less? YES : If the vehicle is equipped with a manual transmission, go to A16 . If the vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission, INSTALL a new PCM. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : REPAIR circuit CDC12 (YE) for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.
  16. A16 CHECK CIRCUIT GD174 (BK/WH) FOR AN OPEN Disconnect: Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch C257 Key in OFF position. Measure the resistance between CPP switch C257 pin 5, circuit GD174 (BK/WH) and ground. Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : Go to A17 . NO : REPAIR circuit GD174 for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.
  17. A17 CHECK THE CPP SWITCH BOTTOM OF TRAVEL INPUT Connect: PCM C175B Key in START position. Measure the voltage at CPP switch C257 pin 6, circuit CDC36 (GN/BN). Is the voltage greater than 10 volts? YES : INSTALL a new CPP switch. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : Go to A18 .
  18. A18 CHECK CIRCUIT CDC36 FOR AN OPEN Disconnect: PCM Connector C175B Measure the resistance between PCM connector C175B pin 33, circuit CDC36 (GN/BN) and CPP connector C257 pin 6, circuit CDC36 (GN/BN). Is the resistance less than 5 ohms? YES : INSTALL a new PCM. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : REPAIR circuit CDC36 for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.
  19. A19 CHECK CIRCUIT CPB21 (BU/GY) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Disconnect: Transmission Range (TR) Sensor Connector C167 Measure the resistance between starter relay connector pin 86 (2.3L) or pin 85 (3.0L and 4.0L) circuit CPB21 (BU/GY) and ground Is the resistance greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : Go to A20 . NO : REPAIR circuit CPB21 (BU/GY) for a short to ground. TEST the system for normal operation.
  20. A20 CHECK THE TR SENSOR INPUT Key in START position. Measure the voltage at TR sensor connector C167 pin 12, circuit CPB 21 (BU/GY). Is the voltage greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to A21 . NO : Go to A22 .
  21. A21 CHECK THE TR SENSOR ADJUSTMENT Key in OFF position. Check the TR sensor adjustment. Refer to «AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION - 5R44E AND 5R55E»(ref-268740) article. Is the TR sensor correctly adjusted? YES : INSTALL a new TR sensor. CHECK the system for normal operation. NO : ADJUST the TR sensor. REFER to «AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION - 5R44E AND 5R55E»(ref-268740) article. TEST the system for normal operation.
  22. A22 CHECK SJB FUSE 21 (5A) Disconnect: SJB Fuse 21 (5A) Check fuse: SJB Fuse 21 (5A) Is SJB fuse 21 (5A) OK? YES : Go to A23 . NO : Go to A24 .
  23. A23 CHECK THE INPUT TO SJB FUSE 21 (5A) Key in START position. Measure the voltage at the input cavity of SJB fuse 21 (5A) circuit CBP21 (BU/GY). Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? YES : REPAIR circuit CBP21 (BU/GY) for an open. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : Go to A25 .
  24. A24 CHECK CIRCUIT CBP21(BU/GY) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND Key in OFF position. Measure the resistance between the output cavity of fuse junction panel fuse 21 (5A) circuit CBP21 (BU/GY) and ground. Is the resistance greater than 10,000 ohms? YES : INSTALL a new SJB fuse 21 (5A). TEST the system for normal operation. NO : REPAIR circuit CBP21 (BU/GY) for a short to ground. INSTALL a new SJB fuse 21 (5A). TEST the system for normal operation.
  25. A25 CHECK THE SUPPLY TO THE IGNITION SWITCH Disconnect: Ignition Switch C213 Measure the voltage at ignition switch connector pin C250, pin 7, circuit SB09 (RD). Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? YES : Go to A26 . NO : REPAIR circuit SBB09 (RD) for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.
  26. A26 CHECK CIRCUIT CDC35 (BU/WH) FOR AN OPEN Measure the resistance of circuit CDC35 (BU/WH) between ignition switch connector pin C250, pin 5 and input cavity of SJB fuse 21 (5A). Is the resistance reading 5 ohms or less? YES : INSTALL a new ignition switch. REFER to «STEERING COLUMN SWITCHES»(ref-268788) article. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : REPAIR circuit CDC35 (BU/WH) for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.

Under normal operation, voltage from the battery junction box (BJB) is supplied to the ignition switch through circuit SBB09 (RD). When the ignition switch is placed in the START position, voltage is supplied through circuit CDC35 (BU/WH) to smart junction box (SJB) fuse 21.

For automatic transmission equipped vehicles, voltage is supplied from SJB fuse 21 to the digital transmission range sensor through circuit CBP 21 (BU/GY) and then to the starter relay coil through circuit CET 40 (GN/OG). A ground is supplied through circuit CDC12 (YE) and the PCM.

For manual transmission equipped vehicles, voltage is supplied from SJB fuse 21 to the starter relay coil through circuit CBP 21 (BU/GY). A ground is supplied through circuit CDC12 (YE) and the PCM. The PCM will not supply ground to the starter relay coil unless the clutch is depressed, grounding the clutch pedal position bottom of travel input to the PCM on circuit CDC 36 (GN/BN).

When the starter relay coil is energized, the relay contacts close. This allows power to be supplied from BJB fuse 7 (40A) thought circuit SBB07 (WH/RD) to the relay contacts. Power then flows through circuit CDC25 (BN/GN) to the starter solenoid. The solenoid is grounded at the starter motor. Energizing the starter solenoid will engage the starter drive into the ring gear. It also closes the solenoid contacts allowing power directly from the battery to energize the starter motor to start the engine.

Possible Causes

  1. Starter motor
  2. Starter motor mounting
  3. Ring gear

Scheme 22

Scheme 22: PINPOINT TEST B: UNUSUAL STARTER NOISE
Scheme 22: PINPOINT TEST B: UNUSUAL STARTER NOISE
  1. B1 CHECK STARTER MOUNTING Inspect the starter mounting bolts and brackets for looseness. Is the starter motor mounted correctly? YES : Go to B2 . NO : INSTALL the starter motor correctly. REFER to «Starter Motor - 2.3L»(ref-268731-S13102722962007102600000) , «Starter Motor - 3.0L»(ref-268731-S17747180462007102600000) or «Starter Motor - 4.0L»(ref-268731-S41430859792007102600000) in this article. TEST the system for normal operation.
  2. B2 CHECK FOR ENGINE NOISE Key in OFF position. Connect a remote starter switch between the starter solenoid B and S terminals. Engage the starter motor and verify the noise is due to the starter operation. Is the noise due to the starter motor engagement? YES : Go to B3 . NO : REFER to «ENGINE SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(ref-268738) article to continue the diagnosis.
  3. B3 CHECK FOR UNUSUAL WEAR Remove the starter motor. Refer to «Starter Motor - 2.3L»(ref-268731-S13102722962007102600000) , «Starter Motor - 3.0L»(ref-268731-S17747180462007102600000) or «Starter Motor - 4.0L»(ref-268731-S41430859792007102600000) in this article. Inspect the ring gear for damaged or worn teeth. Is the noise due to ring gear tooth damage? YES : INSTALL a new ring gear. EXAMINE the starter pinion teeth. If damaged, INSTALL a new starter motor. TEST the system for normal operation. NO : INSTALL a new starter motor. TEST the system for normal operation.

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