REPAIR TECHNIQUES
Appropriate service methods and procedures are essential for the safe, reliable operation of all motor vehicles as well as the personal safety of the individual doing the work. This service information provides general directions for performing service with tested, effective techniques. Following them will help assure reliability.
There are numerous variations in procedure, techniques, tools and parts for servicing vehicles, as well as in the skill of the individual doing the work. This service information cannot possibly anticipate all such variations and provide advice or cautions as to each. Accordingly, anyone who departs from the instructions provided in this service information must first establish that they compromise neither their personal safety nor the vehicle integrity by their choice of methods, tools or parts.
NOTE, NOTICE, CAUTION AND WARNING
As you read through this service information, you may come across a NOTE, NOTICE, CAUTION or WARNING. Each one is there for a specific purpose. A NOTE calls attention to unique, additional or essential information related to the subject procedure. A NOTICE identifies a hazard that could damage the vehicle or property. A CAUTION identifies a hazard that could result in minor personal injury to yourself or others. A WARNING identifies a hazard that could result in severe personal injury or death to yourself or others. Some general WARNINGS that you should follow when you work on a vehicle are listed below.
- ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES FOR EYE PROTECTION.
- KEEP SOLVENTS AWAY FROM IGNITION SOURCES. SOLVENTS MAY BE FLAMMABLE AND COULD IGNITE OR EXPLODE IF NOT HANDLED CORRECTLY.
- USE SAFETY STANDS WHENEVER A PROCEDURE REQUIRES YOU TO BE UNDER THE VEHICLE.
- MAKE SURE THAT THE IGNITION SWITCH IS ALWAYS IN THE OFF POSITION, UNLESS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY THE PROCEDURE.
- SET THE PARKING BRAKE WHEN WORKING ON THE VEHICLE. IF YOU HAVE AN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION, SET IN PARK UNLESS INSTRUCTED OTHERWISE FOR A SPECIFIC OPERATION. IF YOU HAVE A service information TRANSMISSION, IT SHOULD BE IN REVERSE (ENGINE OFF) OR NEUTRAL (ENGINE ON) UNLESS INSTRUCTED OTHERWISE FOR A SPECIFIC OPERATION. PLACE WOOD BLOCKS (4" X 4" OR LARGER) OR WHEEL CHOCKS AGAINST THE FRONT AND REAR SURFACES OF THE TIRES TO HELP PREVENT THE VEHICLE FROM MOVING.
- OPERATE THE ENGINE ONLY IN A WELL-VENTILATED AREA TO AVOID THE DANGER OF CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING.
- KEEP YOURSELF AND YOUR CLOTHING AWAY FROM MOVING PARTS WHEN THE ENGINE IS RUNNING, ESPECIALLY THE DRIVE BELTS.
- TO PREVENT SERIOUS BURNS, AVOID CONTACT WITH HOT METAL PARTS SUCH AS THE RADIATOR, EXHAUST MANIFOLD, TAIL PIPE, THREE-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND MUFFLER.
- DO NOT SMOKE WHILE WORKING ON A VEHICLE.
- TO AVOID INJURY, ALWAYS REMOVE RINGS, WATCHES, LOOSE HANGING JEWELRY AND LOOSE CLOTHING BEFORE BEGINNING TO WORK ON A VEHICLE.
- WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO WORK UNDER THE HOOD, KEEP HANDS AND OTHER OBJECTS CLEAR OF THE COOLING FAN BLADES!
Preface
This service information provides a step-by-step approach for diagnosing driveability, emission, and powertrain control system symptoms. Before beginning diagnosis, it may be helpful to refer to any Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs) or On-line Automotive Service Information System (OASIS) information when this is available. TSB/OASIS information is available on either the Professional Technician Society (PTS) or Motorcraft® website.
Note. For the diesel engines, refer to the appropriate Diesel Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis (PC/ED) information to continue diagnosis. For the Escape Hybrid or the Mariner Hybrid, refer to the Escape Hybrid, Mariner Hybrid PC/ED article to continue diagnosis. For the Fusion Hybrid or the Milan Hybrid, refer to the Fusion Hybrid, Milan Hybrid PC/ED article to continue diagnosis.
This information is used in conjunction with the appropriate article(s) and SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article(s). The appropriate articles provide additional diagnostic or component removal and installation information. The appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article(s) provide vehicle specific wiring information, component, connector, and splice locations.
The following is a description of the information contained in each section of this service information.
Section 5: Pinpoint Tests
All pinpoint tests are included in this section. Never enter a pinpoint test unless directed there. When directed to a pinpoint test, always read the information included at the beginning of the pinpoint test.
Section 6: Reference Values
This section contains the Typical Diagnostic Reference Values charts. The technician is directed to these charts from PINPOINT TEST Z .
What's New in this service information
The following is a list of changes to this service information for 2011
- Edge and MKX with new 3.5L and 3.7L engines equipped with a new twin independent variable camshaft timing (VCT) system utilizing four camshaft position sensors and four VCT actuators.
- Explorer with a new 3.5L engine equipped with a new twin independent variable camshaft timing (VCT) system utilizing four camshaft position sensors and four VCT actuators.
- Fiesta equipped with new 1.6L engine equipped with a new twin independent variable camshaft timing (VCT) system utilizing two camshaft position sensors and two VCT actuators.
- Fiesta equipped with a new accelerator pedal position (APP) sensor. The APP sensor is wired to both the instrument cluster and powertrain control module (PCM) and uses a PWM signal to the PCM.
- Fiesta equipped with a new evaporative emission (EVAP) natural vacuum leak detection (NVLD) system.
- F-Series Super Duty equipped with a new 6.2L engine and 190-pin PCM.
- F-Series Super Duty 6.8L engine equipped with 190-pin PCM.
- F-Series Super Duty and Mustang are equipped with universal heated oxygen sensors (HO2S).
- F-150 with new 3.5L GTDI, 3.7L and 5.0L engines equipped with a new twin independent variable camshaft timing (VCT) system utilizing four camshaft position sensors and four VCT actuators.
- F-150 with a new 3.5L GTDI engine equipped with a new 198 pin PCM.
- Mustang with new 3.7L and 5.0L engines equipped with a new twin independent variable camshaft timing (VCT) system utilizing four camshaft position sensors and four VCT actuators.
- Mustang 5.4L engine equipped with 190-pin PCM.
- Mustang 5.4L is equipped with electronic returnless fuel system (ERFS) using dual fuel pump control modules.
Acronyms and Definitions
Note. This acronyms and definitions listing contains technical terms applicable to Ford Motor Company products. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive dictionary of components and their functions. If a detailed description of a particular system or component is desired, refer to the for additional information regarding the specific vehicle being repaired.
2V: Two valves per engine cylinder
3V: Three valves per engine cylinder
4V: Four valves per engine cylinder
4WD: Four Wheel Drive
AAT: Ambient Air Temperature
ABS: Anti-Lock Brake System
APP: Accelerator Pedal Position
A/T: Automatic Transmission
AWD: All Wheel Drive
BARO: Barometric Pressure
BPP: Brake Pedal Position
BTDC: Before Top Dead Center
CAC: Charge Air Cooler
CAN: Controller Area Network
CCM: Comprehensive Component Monitor
CF: Cooling Fan
CHT: Cylinder Head Temperature
CKP: Crankshaft Position
CL: Closed Loop
CMP: Camshaft Position
CO: Carbon Monoxide
CO 2 : Carbon Dioxide
COP: Coil On Plug
CPP: Clutch Pedal Position
CPU: Central Processing Unit
CTO: Clean Tach Output
CV: Canister Vent
DBA: Driver Brake Application
DC: 1. Direct Current 2. Duty Cycle
DEPS: Dual Equal Phase Shifting
DFI: Direct Fuel Injection
DFSO: Deceleration Fuel Shut-Off
DIPS: Dual Independent Phase Shifting
DLC: Data Link Connector
DTC: Diagnostic Trouble Code
E10: Fuel containing 10% ethanol
E85: Fuel containing 85% ethanol
ECM: Electronic Control Module
ECT: Engine Coolant Temperature
EEC: Electronic Engine Control
EEGR: Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EGR: Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EI: Electronic Ignition
EMD: Engine Manufacturers Diagnostics
EMI: Electromagnetic Interference
EONV: Engine Off Natural Vacuum
EOT: Engine Oil Temperature
EPS: Exhaust Phase Shifting
E-Quizzer: Enhanced Quizzer
ERFS: Electronic Returnless Fuel System
ESM: EGR System Module
ESOF: Electronic Shift-on-the-Fly
ETB: Electronic Throttle Body
ETBTACM: Electronic Throttle Body Throttle Actuator Control Motor
ETBTPS: Electronic Throttle Body Throttle Position Sensor
ETC: Electronic Throttle Control
EVAP: Evaporative Emission
EVAPCP: Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
FAOS: Fore-Aft Oxygen Sensor
FEPS: Flash EEPROM Programming Signal
FFV: Flexible Fuel Vehicle
FLI: Fuel Level Input
FMEM: Failure Mode Effects Management
FP: Fuel Pump
FPDM: Fuel Pump Driver Module
FPM: Fuel Pump Monitor
FRP: Fuel Rail Pressure
FRPT: Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature
FSS: Fan Speed Sensor
FTP: Fuel Tank Pressure
FWD: Front Wheel Drive
GPM: 1. Grams per Mile 2. Gallons per Minute
GTDI: Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection
H: Hydrogen
HC: 1. Hydrocarbon 2. High Compression
HDR: High Data Rate
HO2S: Heated Oxygen Sensor
IAC: Idle Air Control
IAT: Intake Air Temperature
IFS: Inertia Fuel Shut-Off
I/M: Inspection/Maintenance
IMRC: Intake Manifold Runner Control
IMTV: Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
IPC: Independent Plausibility Checker
IPS: Intake Phase Shifting
ISO: International Standards Organization
KAM: Keep Alive Memory
KOEO: Key On Engine Off
KOER: Key On Engine Running
KS: Knock Sensor
LCM: Lighting Control Module
LDR: Low Data Rate
LONGFT: Long-Term Fuel Trim
MAF: Mass Airflow
MAP: Manifold Absolute Pressure
MAP/IAT2: Manifold Absolute Pressure/Intake Air Temperature 2
MFF: Misfire Freeze Frame
MIL: Malfunction Indicator Lamp
MRFS: Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
MSOF: service information Shift-on-the-Fly
M/T: service information Transmission/Transaxle
NMOG: Non-Methane Organic Gases
NO X : Nitrogen Oxides
NVLD: Natural Vacuum Leak Detection
NVM: Non-Volatile Memory
NVRAM: Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
OASIS: On-line Automotive Service Information System
OBD: On Board Diagnostic
OL: Open Loop
ORVR: On-board Refueling Vapor Recovery
OSC: Output State Control
OSR: On-Board System Readiness
OSS: Output Shaft Speed
PATS: Passive Anti-Theft System
PCM: Powertrain Control Module
PCV: Positive Crankcase Ventilation
Pd: Palladium
PID: Parameter Identification
PIP: Profile Ignition Pickup
PPM: Parts per Million
PSP: Power Steering Pressure
Pt: Platinum
PTO: Power Take-Off
PTS: Professional Technician Society
PWM: Pulse Width Modulation
PZEV: Partial Zero Emission Vehicle
RAM: Random Access Memory
RFI: Radio Frequency Interference
Rh: Rhodium
ROM: Read-Only Memory
RPM: Revolutions Per Minute
RWD: Rear Wheel Drive
SAE: Society of Automotive Engineers
SCB: Supercharger Bypass
SFI: Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection
SHRTFT: Short-Term Fuel Trim
TAC: Throttle Actuator Control
TACM: Throttle Actuator Control Motor
TC: Turbocharger
TCBP/CACT: Turbocharger Boost Pressure/Charge Air Cooler Temperature
TCBY: Turbocharger Bypass
TCIL: Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
TCM: Transmission Control Module
TCS: Transmission Control Switch
TCSS: Transfer Case Speed Sensor
TDC: Top Dead Center
TP: Throttle Position
TPPC: Throttle Plate Position Controller
TR: Transmission Range
TSB: Technical Service Bulletin
TWC: Three-Way Catalytic Converter
VCT: Variable Camshaft Timing
VECI: Vehicle Emission Control Information
VID: Vehicle Identification
VIN: Vehicle Identification Number
VMV: Vapor Management Valve
VR: Variable Reluctance
VSS: Vehicle Speed Sensor
WOT: Wide Open Throttle