Instruments - Service Techniques BMW M3 E90

Scheme 77

Background

1. Passenger compartment microfilter: Link to a multiple of the oil service.
2. Spark plugs: Link to a multiple of the oil service.
3. Diesel particulate filter: Critical range covered by Check Control.
4. Exhaust emissions test: Cancellation in all regions except V6 China (can also be controlled manually via DIS Tester).

For precise coupling, please refer to

1. China
2. V5
3. V1, V3 and V4 Canada
4. V4 USA

Date of introduction

1. Displays for interior microfilter, spark plugs and emissions test discontinued (revised encoding).

VEHICLE PROJECTS SPECIFICATION

1. Diesel particulate filter display discontinued (link to diesel engine applications)

VEHICLE PROJECTS SPECIFICATION

Introduction

New scopes of maintenance work have been defined for Condition Based Service (CBS).

This will affect all model series with CBS, but each model will be affected at a different point in time.

The timing is orientated around the model upgrading or the start of series production.

The changes are described using the examples of the BMW 1-Series and BMW 3-Series. The introduction date is 03/2007 (E93 12/2006).

The following maintenance operations will be discontinued from CBS in the future.

1. Microfilter
2. Spark plugs
3. Diesel particulate filter
4. Exhaust emissions test (change through encoding since 09/2006)

Vehicles produced before the change are not affected.

Note. The operations microfilter and spark plugs are now coupled to the operation engine oil.

The emissions test can again be activated using the BMW diagnosis system.

Concept of Condition Based Service (CBS)

Continuous developments in networking within the vehicle are constantly offering new ways in which the vehicle can communicate with the environment. This is becoming more and more beneficial for after-sales service. The Connected Service consists of several modules and provides new opportunities: from the automatic, vehicle-specific determination of the service requirement, to the optimization of the acceptance process.

The expectations of the most demanding customers are therefore fulfilled

1. Precise date scheduling through distance-based or time-based interval forecasts for control units subject to wear
2. Early recognition of problems
3. Flexible service
4. Individual advice and customer care (with visualization of the CBS data in the "Service reception" module)

One component of the Connected Service is requirement-oriented service

Condition Based Service (CBS).

In the BMW 1-Series and the new 3-Series, CBS is available in its 4th level of development.

The remaining distance and/or absolute service-due date for maintenance operations are calculated and shown separately.

The calculation includes an integrated interval forecast, which reflects the driving profile.

With the flexible service intervals, the last service interval is taken as the new starting value.

CBS data are stored in the remote control (= key) or in the ID transmitter (with Comfort Access) while the vehicle is being driven. The service advisor can then read the CBS data using the Key Reader. The CBS data is displayed using the Service Acceptance Module (SAM).

After coordinating the Service measures, the order-specific service sheet can be printed out from the SAM.

Brief description of components

The Condition Based Service is a system function distributed over several control units in the vehicle.

1. Instrument cluster The instrument cluster is the central unit. The CBS data for the full scope of maintenance work is stored in the instrument cluster. The information from the connected control units and information to be managed internally flow together into the instrument cluster (evaluation by traffic-light colors). In the instrument cluster the service requirement indicator appears for approximately 6 seconds at terminal 15 ON. The service requirement indicator shows the overall status of the vehicle in connection with the CBS. Detailed information on the full scope of maintenance work can also be requested manually. The display can be called up in either the instrument cluster or the Central Information Display (with M-ASK or CCC). The following target dates can be input in the instrument cluster: Statutory vehicle inspection Statutory emissions test A maintenance operation can be reset using the reset button for the trip distance recorder. The instrument cluster initializes an automatic ServiceCall when a maintenance operation is due (TeleService 1 at BMW Assist telematics service center).
2. Central Information Display On vehicles with multi-audio system controller (M-ASK) or Car Communication Computer (CCC): With this equipment, a folding Central Information Display (CID) is built into the dashboard. In the "Service" menu (in the 5th menu, "Settings"), detailed information on the scope of maintenance work of the CBS can be called up. In addition the following target dates can be input in the same menu: Statutory vehicle inspection A manual ServiceCall can also be triggered at the CID.
3. Remote control or identification signal The CBS data is stored in both the remote control and the identification signal unit. The CBS data can be read out with the Key Reader in the Service Centre. The CBS data is displayed by the Service Acceptance Module (SAM). An identification signal unit is used for vehicles with Comfort Access.

For the Condition Based Service (CBS), information is exchanged with the following control units

1. CAS: Car Access System From the CAS control unit, under certain conditions, the CBS data in the remote control or in the identification signal unit is updated. The CBS data is stored in the instrument cluster and, once redundant, in the CAS control unit. If the CAS control unit and the instrument cluster are replaced at the same time, the CBS data administered by the instrument cluster will then be lost. The data is delivered to the K-CAN.
2. DME or DDE: digital engine electronics or digital diesel electronics Maintenance requirements for the engine oil is calculated in the DME control unit or DDE control unit (maintenance requirements = remaining distance and latest date for the engine oil change). The most important input value here is the fuel consumption. The instrument cluster contains the data as follows: DME control unit or DDE control unit -> PT-CAN -> Junction box electronics (gateway) -> K-CAN -> Instrument cluster On diesel engines, the DDE control unit calculates the maintenance requirements for the diesel particulate filter.
3. IHKA/IHKR/IHR: Integrated automatic heating/air-conditioning system, integrated heating/air-conditioning system, integrated heating system The maintenance requirements for the microfilter are calculated in this control unit (maintenance requirements = remaining distance and latest date for the microfilter change). The scope of maintenance work is calculated by the control unit from various values. The instrument cluster contains the data as follows: IHKA control unit, IHKR control unit or IHR control unit -> K-CAN -> Instrument cluster
4. DSC: Dynamic Stability Control The remaining distance for the front and back brake pads are calculated separately in the DSC control unit. When making the calculation, the condition of the brake pad wear sensors is taken into account (reference point at 6 mm and 4 mm). The instrument cluster contains the data as follows: DME control unit -> PT-CAN -> Junction box electronics (gateway) -> K-CAN -> Instrument cluster IMPORTANT: Replace brake pad wear sensors before resetting.
5. JBE: Junction box electronics The junction box electronics is the gateway between the PT-CAN and the K-CAN. Moreover, the diagnosis cable is connected to the junction box electronics.
6. CA: Comfort Access For vehicles with Comfort Access: Under certain conditions the CBS data is saved on the identification signal unit. For this to happen, the identification signal unit should not be in the insert compartment. The CA control unit transfers the data via the interior aerial (radio).
7. TCU or ULF: Telematics control unit or universal charger and hands-free system The control unit for the telephone is needed for an automatic or manual ServiceCall (TeleService 2 at BMW Assist telematics service center). The ServiceCall triggers the instrument cluster. The TCU or the ULF (universal charger/hands-free system) receives the data as follows: Instrument cluster -> K-CAN -> CCC or M-ASK (gateway) -> MOST -> TCU or ULF

System functions

With the Condition Based Service a maximum of 10 maintenance operations are released

1. Engine oil
2. Diesel particulate filter (either as standard or option)
3. Microfilter
4. Front brake pads
5. Rear brake pads
6. Spark plugs
7. Vehicle check
8. Brake fluid
9. Statutory vehicle inspection
10. Statutory emissions test
11. Pre-delivery check (service function)

For reasons of clarity, maintenance operations and their intervals will be given first (valid for EURO vehicles).

In certain countries, different values may be applicable for e.g. engine oil or spark plugs.

TIME REFERENCE CHART

The on-board date is used for the display of escalation (green symbol, yellow symbol, red symbol). In addition, the on-board date is the basis for sorting the maintenance requirements in the display.

The on-board date stands still when the battery is flat or disconnected and must subsequently be corrected in the vehicle.

The on-board date must be set correctly when resetting maintenance requirements. Resetting is described in the general service information.

Engine oil

The determination of the correct time for a DME/DDE oil change depends on various values

1. Fuel consumption The quantity of fuel used since the last oil change is recorded as an auxiliary quantity for evaluating the quality of the oil.
2. Time Once in place, the oil will deteriorate with age. The calculation for the oil change determines the latest date by which the oil must be changed. The reference time is the on-board date. An oil change is due after 24 months at the latest.

The "engine oil" interval is flexible and dependent on the operating conditions. When resetting, the last value of the interval forecast is taken as the starting value for the new interval.

Special case: A defective oil level sensor will affect the display.

Diesel particulate filter (either as standard or option)

The distance-dependent interval for the diesel particulate filter is calculated by the DDE control unit.

The starting value is calculated linearly up to 100,000 km. Above 100,000 km, the DDE control unit makes an adaptive calculation based on the exhaust-gas back-pressure.

With increasing mileage, the exhaust-gas back-pressure in the diesel particulate filter increases. The exhaust-gas back-pressure is recorded by the exhaust back-pressure sensor.

The "diesel particulate filter" interval is flexible and dependent on the operating conditions.

When resetting, the last value of the interval forecast is taken as the starting value for the new interval.

Microfilter

The condition of the microfilter is calculated by the IHKA or IHKR control unit on the basis of the following values (= virtual sensor)

1. Ambient temperature
2. Wiper operation
3. Useful life of the heater
4. Air recirculation mode
5. Vehicle road speed
6. Fan speed
7. Distance driven since the last filter change
8. Time A filter change is due after 24 months at the latest.

The "microfilter" interval is flexible and dependent on the operating conditions. When resetting, the last value of the interval forecast is taken as the starting value for the new interval.

After resetting the "microfilter" element of the maintenance work, the battery must not be disconnected immediately. Wait until the vehicle has gone into sleep mode.

Front and rear brake pads

The condition of the brake pad is determined by the DSC control unit. The calculation is based on a signal from the brake pad wear sensors at 2 points (4 mm and 6 mm). The condition of the brake pad is determined with the help of the following input values

1. Wheel speed
2. Braking pressure (determined by the open duration of the exhaust valve)
3. Temperature of the brake disc (determined via a computer model consisting of wheel speed, brake pressure, ambient temperature, braking duration)
4. Brakes service life

The "brake pad" interval is flexible and dependent on the operating conditions. When the interval is reset, the last value for the interval forecast is set as the starting value for the new interval (only if new brake pads are recognized by intact Brake pad wear sensors).

Spark plugs

The distance-dependent interval for the spark plugs is managed in the instrument cluster (60,000 or 100,000 km, depending on the engine).

Vehicle check

The distance-dependent and time-dependent interval for the vehicle check is managed in the instrument cluster (48 months and DME: 50,000 km, DDE: 60,000 km).

Brake fluid

The time-dependent interval for the vehicle check is managed in the instrument cluster (24 months).

The reference time for the assessment is the on-board date.

Statutory vehicle inspection

The interval for the vehicle inspection is specified by the law of the country in which the vehicle is driven.

The target date is entered in the instrument cluster or in the Central Information Display (CID). The reference time is the on-board date. If the on-board date is wrongly set, this only affects the escalation level (green, yellow, red).

Statutory emissions test

The interval for the exhaust gas inspection is specified by the law of the country in which the vehicle is driven.

The target date is entered in the instrument cluster or in the Central Information Display (CID).

The reference time is the on-board date. If the on-board date is wrongly set, this only affects the escalation level (green, yellow, red).

Scheme 78

On the BMW 1-Series, the instrument cluster has an analogue display for

1. Speed
2. Speed
3. Fuel level

On the BMW 3-Series, the instrument cluster has an analogue display for

1. Speed
2. Speed
3. Fuel level
4. Fuel-consumption indicator
5. Cruise control with moving-disc instrument for: Cruise control with brake function (option 544) Active cruise control (option 541)

The scales on the instrument cluster depend on the country concerned and the engine installed. All indicator and warning lights that are stipulated by law are located between the two large pointer instruments.

Under the two large pointer instruments there is an LCD display (e.g. for Check-Control message symbols).

New for the instrument cluster, gradual introduction from 03/2007 (depending on engine version)

1. Shift point indicator
2. Additional Check-Control messages for automatic engine start/stop system

On vehicles with multi-audio system controller (M-ASK) or Car Communication Computer (CCC)

Various displays appear in parallel on the Central Information Display (CID), e.g. information concerning CBS or Check Control.

The following components deliver signals to the instrument cluster

1. Outside temperature sensor The outside temperature sensor is connected to the junction box electronics (JBE). Wires lead from the JBE to the instrument cluster. The outside temperature is displayed on the LCD display in the instrument cluster. When terminal 15 is OFF, the outside temperature sensor will continue to measure the temperature for a maximum of 24 hours. The signal from the outside temperature sensor is digitized in the instrument cluster. A computation model compensates for the effect of the residual heat from the engine compartment on the signal. A lower damping value is set at higher speeds or low engine temperatures. The true outside temperature can only be reliably expected from a roadspeed of about 80 km/h.
2. SZL: Steering Column Switch Two switches are located on the turn-signal/main-beam switch on the steering column switch cluster (SZL): an axial switch and a rocker switch. The following contents can be called up with the two switches and shown on the LCD display in the instrument cluster: On-board computer functions and Check-Control confirmation Menu for the following functions (display is encoding-dependent, also in CCC or M-ASK, depending on equipment fitted): Dim instrument illumination Scroll Check-Control message Check engine oil level Run Flat Indicator initialization Set time Set date CBS settings Personal Profile settings
3. FRM: Footwell module The footwell module (FRM) controls the interior and exterior lighting. From the footwell module, information is sent through the K-CAN, e.g. whether or not the indicator and warning lights stipulated by law need to be actuated.
4. JBE: Junction box electronics or junction box The junction box electronics send the following signals to the instrument cluster: Coolant level (Check-Control message) Washer fluid level (Check-Control message) Fuel level via 2 fuel level sensors (used by instrument cluster to compute the Check-Control message) Parking brake applied (general brake warning lamp) The junction box is also the gateway between the PT-CAN and the K-CAN. The PT-CAN is used, e.g. for DME/DDE and DSC messages. The K-CAN is used, e.g. for terminal control signals from the CAS control unit. The instrument cluster receives its power supply from the junction box terminals 30 and 31.
5. MRS: Multiple restraint system The multiple restraint system (MRS) is a bus participant on the K-CAN. The MRS control unit sends the message whether the airbag warning light or seat belt indicator light needs to be actuated.
6. DME or DDE: Digital engine electronics or digital diesel electronics The DME/DDE supplies the following signals (for example) to the instrument cluster: Engine speed and injection rate. The message is sent through the PT-CAN and then through the K-CAN. The DME/DDE also indicates whether an exhaust-related fault has developed (actuation of emissions warning light). On vehicles from 03/2007 Depending on the engine version installed, an automatic engine start/stop system may be fitted. The engine management controls this function. If a fault develops in the automatic engine start/stop system, the engine management will generate a corresponding Check-Control message. The instrument cluster displays the Check-Control message.
7. DSC: Dynamic Stability Control The brake pad wear sensors are connected to the DSC control unit. The DSC also sends further messages to actuate indicator and warning lights in the instrument cluster: ABS indicator and warning light. DSC indicator and warning light. DTC indicator light. General brake warning light
8. EGS: Electronic transmission control On vehicles with automatic transmission: A signal from the EGS control unit causes the gear program display or gear indicator in manual mode to be shown in the LCD display. On vehicles with manual transmission: No gear indicator. The area is used (via encoding) for a larger on-board computer function display.
9. Cruise control with brake function or active cruise control On vehicles with 6-cylinder engine and longitudinal dynamic management (LDM control unit): The set speed is transmitted by the LDM control unit to the instrument cluster on the PT-CAN and K-CAN. During active cruise control, an additional indicator light is activated as a distinguishing feature for cruise control with brake function. The distance to the vehicle in front is indicated with 3 bars. The set speed for active cruise control appears briefly in the LCD display (in addition to permanent display with the moving-disc instrument). BMW 3-Series: On vehicles from 06/2006, cruise control with brake function is integrated into DSC. These vehicles then only have an LDM control unit if active cruise control is fitted.
10. Body CAN The instrument cluster receives all other messages that could mean a display in the instrument cluster (e.g. Check-Control messages) through the body CAN (K-CAN).

The instrument cluster comprises the following system functions

1. Operational readiness
2. Operating voltage range
3. Brightness control
4. Actuation for moving-disc instrument
5. Shift point indicator
6. Redundant data storage

Operational readiness

Operational readiness depend on the terminal.

1. Terminal 30 The instrument cluster is connected to terminal 30 via the junction box. The terminal status (terminal R or terminal 15) is sent to the instrument cluster via the K-CAN. If terminal 30 is active (terminal R OFF), the instrument cluster is in standby mode. The instrument cluster can be activated by pressing the reset button - the following are then displayed: distance recorder, clock, outside temperature, fuel level (can be encoded). The display goes out after 25 seconds.
2. Terminal R The following are evaluated when terminal R is switched ON: turn-signal/main-beam switch and fuel level sensor. The time and outside temperature appear in the LCD display. The on-board computer functions can be called up via the on-board computer button (display unlimited).
3. Terminal 15 When terminal 15 is switched ON, a pre-drive-check is carried out on the permanent indicator and warning lights. The display elements show the current figures, e.g. fuel level.
4. Terminal 50 (starter motor) While the engine is being started, the on-board supply voltage may drop so far that the internal voltage supply (6 volts) can no longer be maintained. In this case, no analogue signals can be evaluated. Moreover, no data will be able to be stored (in EEPROM).

Operating voltage range

The operating voltage range is from 9 to 16 volts. If the voltage drops below 7.5 volts, undervoltage will be recognized. If the voltage rises over 16 volts, no analogue inputs can be evaluated.

Brightness control

The instrument cluster is illuminated when the lights are switched ON.

A phototransistor is installed in the instrument cluster to calculate the necessary brightness (display, indicator and warning lights, scales, needles).

The brightness value calculated in the instrument cluster is output on the K-CAN (e.g. for the Central Information Display).

Dimming can be set individually via a menu in the instrument cluster.

When the vehicle lighting is switched on, these individual settings and the phototransistor are used to control the dimming.

When the vehicle lighting is switched off, the dimming is only controlled by the phototransistor (display brightness according to ambient light).

Actuation for moving-disc instrument

The moving-disc instrument for the set speed is driven by a stepper motor.

The signal for the set speed is transmitted on the bus by the control unit for longitudinal dynamic management (LDM). This signal is converted to control pulses for the stepper motor.

The set speed is transmitted with a "resolution" of 1 km/h and displayed.

Shift point indicator

The shift point indicator is only available in conjunction with manual transmission.

A great deal of fuel can be saved by changing gear in good time. The shift point indicator assists the drive in this. The current driving situation is identified on the basis of roadspeed and vehicle acceleration. If the gear currently engaged is not the most economical, a gear change recommendation appears in the display. The shift point indicator can be activated and deactivated on the on-board computer. The shift point indicator is deactivated when the vehicle is delivered.

Redundant data storage

The following instrument cluster data are redundantly stored in the Car Access System (CAS)

1. Distance recorder
2. Trip meter
3. CBS data

This is conditional upon the same vehicle identification number being stored in both control units.

If different vehicle identification numbers are stored, the manipulation dot will appear in the LCD display.

The instrument cluster and the CAS must not be replaced at the same time. CBS data would then be lost.

Scheme 79

iDrive was introduced with the E65.

Due to the position of the screen and the controller as well as the operations logic, iDrive is the leading control system in vehicles.

iDrive was consistently developed for the E60 and the ranges which follow

Due to the increased number of functions in the vehicle, improvements were also made to the ergonomics. The menu structure contains 5 menus in contrast to the E65 which contains 8 menus.

iDrive is characterized by

1. clear differentiation and optimum layout of the driving area for driving and convenience
2. Calmer atmosphere inside the vehicle due to a reduced number of switches
3. straightforward, logical controls
4. ergonomic positioning and design of display and control elements
5. integrational approach: the front passenger has access to all convenience functions

iDrive is also employed on the new BMW 1-Series and 3-Series.

In conjunction with the Multi-audio system controller (M-ASK) or Car Communication Computer (CCC), there is a display for the iDrive.

On the BMW 1-Series the folding Central Information Display (CID) is located in the middle of the dashboard.

On the BMW 3-Series, the Central Information Display is fixed and integrated into the dashboard.

iDrive consists primarily of the following components

1. Central Information Display (CID) The CID is the central graphic display unit. A number of displays are available depending on the equipment fitted: CENTRAL INFORMATION DISPLAY CHART E60, E61, E63, E64, E90, E91, E92 CID colour 6.5 inch, fully integrated (combined with option 606 "Business navigation system" with arrow display) in conjunction with M-ASK CID colour 8.8 inch, fully integrated (combined with option 609 "Professional navigation system" with map view) in conjunction with CCC E87 CID colour 6.5 inch, folding (with option 606 "Business navigation system" with arrow display in conjunction with M-ASK) (with option 609 "Professional navigation system" with map view in conjunction with CCC) no Assistance window and therefore no split-screen display The Central Information Display is connected via a LVDS data line (Low Voltage Differential Signalling) to the M-ASK or CCC.
2. Controller with menu button The controller is the central control element for the Central Information Display or iDrive. The controller is located in the center console behind the gear lever or, in the case of automatic transmission, the selector lever. The menu button is located behind the Controller (with CCC, two-part option: menu button and Push-to-talk button for voice recognition system). The controller is connected via the K-CAN to the M-ASK/CCC. The controller is operated in the same way as on the 7 Series by slide or turn and then press. The Controller always returns to its home position when released. The basic variant of the Controller, however, only has 4 sliding directions: forward, back, to the right and to the left. In the High version, the controller has 8 directions of movement for the following function: destination input using crosshairs.
3. Loudspeakers The loudspeakers output the audio signals from the M-ASK or the CCC, as applicable.

The control unit that manages the functions of iDrive depends on the vehicle equipment

1. M-ASK: Multi-audio system controller The M-ASK combines a number of functions in a single control unit, as follows: Audio system controller (ASK) Control unit for the Central Information Display Navigation system with DVD drive Aerial tuner
2. CCC: Car Communication Computer The CCC incorporates further functions at the top end of the range in the form of a control unit (e.g. voice recognition system).

The M-ASK or the CCC generates the LVDS data (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) for graphical presentation on the Central Information Display.

The further development of the iDrive for the 5 Series, 6 Series and 1 Series comprises

1. revised menus
2. hierarchical structure of the menus
3. Additional orientation guides

Revised menus

The start menu consists of 4 menus.

The 4 menus on the Central Information Display are situated on intersecting axes in the same way as the 4 points of the compass (as viewed in the clockwise direction) as follows

1. Communication Slide the Controller forward (= "north"): e.g. functions such as telephone, short text message or BMW Assist
2. Navigation Slide the Controller to the right (= "east"): e.g. functions such as route, on-board information or address book
3. Entertainment Slide the Controller back (= "south"): e.g. functions such as radio, CD or TV
4. Climate Slide the Controller to the left (= "west"): e.g. functions such as air distribution or heat distribution for seats

There is also an additional fifth menu for selecting the individual user presets.

1. Settings (i= Information) Press Controller in the start menu: e.g. functions such as "Settings for entertainment", "Settings for display" and "Settings for vehicle"

The start menu will always appear when the menu button behind the controller is pressed.

Exceptions to this are the submenus in menu 5: When the Controller is pressed, menu 5 "Settings" is initially called up. If the controller is pressed once more, the start menu is called up.

Hierarchical structure of the menus (operating logic)

The operating logic has a strictly hierarchical menu structure.

1. Displaying the menu path The current position in the menu structure can be seen by displaying the menu path (list of menu items selected to date in the individual menu lines, reading from top to bottom).
2. Navigating through the menus Slide the Controller to switch from one menu to another. Sliding the Controller forward means: Go one level higher in the menu hierarchy. Sliding the Controller to the rear means: Go one level lower in he menu hierarchy. In split-screen mode, sliding the Controller to the right selects the assistance window. Slide the Controller to the left to exit the assistance window (assistance window displays additional information).
3. Changing the settings If you want to change settings or view them in the submenus, turn the controller and press it down.

Additional orientation guides

The following features provide visual orientation in the menus

1. Orientation by special background colors Each menu has a background color of its own. Communication = blue Navigation = green Entertainment = orange Climate = red Settings = grey The associated submenus also have the same background color. This makes assignment of the submenus straightforward.
2. Orientation by position indicator A small, colored symbol for each of the 4 menus appears in the top menu line: A diamond. The 4 corners of the diamond correspond to the 4 directions of the menus. A small square indicates the corner corresponding to the currently selected menu.
3. Status line for information at a glance The status line contains the most important information on the various functions, such as settings of the air conditioning system or the radio station currently selected.

The start menu always appears when the menu button behind the controller is pressed.