Air Conditioning System (Diagnostics - Introduction): Overview Toyota Matrix E140

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1. DO NOT HANDLE REFRIGERANT IN AN ENCLOSED AREA OR NEAR AN OPEN FLAME
2. ALWAYS WEAR EYE PROTECTION
3. BE CAREFUL NOT TO GET LIQUID REFRIGERANT IN YOUR EYES OR ON YOUR SKIN If liquid refrigerant gets in your eyes or on your skin: Wash the affected area with lots of cold water. WARNING: Do not rub your eyes or skin. Apply clean petroleum jelly to the affected area. Go immediately to a hospital or see a physician for professional treatment.
4. NEVER HEAT CONTAINER OR EXPOSE THE CONTAINER TO AN OPEN FLAME
5. BE CAREFUL NOT TO DROP CONTAINER OR APPLY PHYSICAL SHOCKS TO IT
6. DO NOT OPERATE COMPRESSOR WITHOUT ENOUGH REFRIGERANT IN REFRIGERANT SYSTEM If there is not enough refrigerant in the A/C system, oil lubrication will be insufficient and the compressor may be damaged. Ensure the system is fully charged and free of leaks to avoid this.
7. DO NOT OPEN HIGH PRESSURE MANIFOLD VALVE WHILE COMPRESSOR IS OPERATING Open and close only the low pressure valve. If the high pressure valve is opened, refrigerant flows in the reverse direction causing the charging cylinder to rupture.
8. BE CAREFUL NOT TO OVERCHARGE SYSTEM WITH REFRIGERANT If refrigerant is overcharged, it will cause problems such as insufficient cooling, poor fuel economy, engine overheating, etc.
9. DO NOT OPERATE ENGINE WITHOUT REFRIGERANT WARNING: Doing so may damage the inside of the compressor because the compressor parts will always move regardless of whether the A/C system is turned on or off.
10. SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM (SRS) This vehicle is equipped with an SRS (Supplemental Restraint System) consisting of the driver, front passenger, side, and curtain shield airbags. Failure to carry out service operations in the correct sequence could cause the SRS to unexpectedly deploy during servicing, possibly leading to a serious accident. Before servicing (including removal or installation of parts, inspection or replacement), be sure to read the precautionary notices. Refer to «PRECAUTION»(ref-427508-S03121118652011101200000) .
11. GENERAL PRECAUTION While using battery voltage during the inspection, do not bring the positive and negative tester probes too close to each other as a short circuit may occur.

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1. GENERAL The air conditioning system has the following controls: Control Outline Variable Capacity Compressor Control Controls the compressor to turn ON or OFF and the discharge capacity based on the signals from various sensors. Self-diagnosis Checks the sensors in accordance with operation of air conditioner switches, then clock displays a DTC (Diagnosis Trouble Code) to indicate if there is a malfunction or not (sensor check function).
2. MODE POSITION AND DAMPER OPERATION Mode Position and Damper Operation FUNCTIONS OF MAIN DAMPERS Control Damper Operation Position Damper Position Operation Air Inlet Control Damper FRESH A Brings in fresh air. RECIRC B Recirculates internal air. Air Mix Control Damper MAX COLD to MAX HOT Temperature Setting 16°C (61°F) to 30°C (86°F) C - D - E Varies the mixture ratio of the fresh air and the recirculation air in order to regulate the temperature continuously from HOT to COLD. Mode Control Damper DEF H, K Defrosts the windshield through the front defroster and side register. FOOT / DEF H, J Defrosts the windshield through the front defroster and side register, while air is also blown out from the front footwell register duct and rear foot well register duct*2. FOOT H, I Air blows out of the footwell register duct, rear footwell register duct*2, and side register. In addition, air blows out slightly from the front defroster. BI-LEVEL F, I Air blows out of the center register, side register, front footwell register duct and rear footwell register duct*2. FACE F, K Air blows out of the center register and side register. *2: Models with Cold Area Specification
3. AIR OUTLETS AND AIRFLOW VOLUME Air Outlets and Airflow Volume INDICATION (MODE) CTR SIDE FOOTWELL DEFROSTER A B C D FACE BI-LEVEL FOOT FOOT/DEF DEF The size of the circle o indicates the proportion of airflow volume.
4. A/C COMPRESSOR General The A/C compressor is a continuously variable capacity type in which its capacity varies with the cooling load of the air conditioning system. The compressor consists of the shaft, lug plate, piston, shoe, crank chamber, cylinder, and solenoid control valve. The solenoid control valve is provided to enable the suction pressure to be controlled as desired. The plastic DL (Damper Limiter) type A/C pulley is used. The rotary valve uses suction to pull refrigerant gas into the cylinder. Operation The crank chamber is connected to the suction passage. A solenoid control valve is provided between the suction passage (low pressure) and the discharge passage (high pressure). The solenoid control valve duty cycle is controlled in accordance with the signals from the air conditioning amplifier. When the solenoid control valve closes (solenoid coil is energized), a difference in pressure is created and the crank chamber pressure decreases. Then, the pressure applied to the right side of the piston becomes greater than that applied to the left side. This compresses the spring and tilts the lug plate. As a result, there is a large piston stroke and discharge capacity increases. When the solenoid control valve opens (solenoid coil is not energized), the pressure is equalized. The pressure applied to the left side of the piston becomes equal to the right side. This is performed when the spring elongates and eliminates the tilt of the lug plate. As a result, there is a small piston stroke and the discharge capacity decreases.
5. PTC HEATER (w/ PTC Heater Assembly) General The PTC heater is located above the heater core in the air conditioner unit. The PTC heater consists of a PTC element, aluminum fin, and brass plate. When current is applied to the PTC element, it generates heat to warm the air that passes through the unit. PTC Heater Operating Conditions The PTC heater is turned on and off by the air conditioning amplifier in accordance with the water temperature, ambient temperature, engine speed, air mix setting and electrical load (generator power ratio). For example, the number of the operating PTC heaters varies by the water temperature as in the graph below.
6. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SENSOR The ambient temperature sensor detects the outside temperature based on changes in the resistance of its built-in thermistor and sends a signal to the A/C amplifier.
7. EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR The evaporator temperature sensor detects the temperature of the cool air immediately past the evaporator in the form of resistance changes, and outputs it to the A/C amplifier.
8. A/C PRESSURE SENSOR The A/C pressure sensor detects the refrigerant pressure and outputs it to the A/C amplifier in the form of voltage changes.
9. A/C FLOW SENSOR (for 2ZR-FE) The A/C flow sensor, which is mounted on the A/C compressor, is used to detect the amount of refrigerant flow. The A/C flow sensor converts the amount of refrigerant flow that is detected to a voltage value to send it to the A/C amplifier. The voltage value sent from the A/C flow sensor changes depending on the amount of refrigerant flow. As the amount of refrigerant flow becomes larger, the voltage becomes lower. As the amount of refrigerant flow becomes smaller, the voltage becomes higher. The A/C amplifier supplies 5 V to the A/C flow sensor and monitors change in the voltage value sent from the A/C flow sensor. The A/C amplifier then sends a signal to the ECM via CAN communication to allow the ECM to control the engine speed while the air conditioning is on.