Engine Electrical: Other Saab 9-7X I

Battery Usage

Battery Usage

Generator Usage

Generator Usage

Scheme 36

Scheme 37

Scheme 38

Scheme 39

Scheme 40

Scheme 41

Scheme 42

Scheme 43

Scheme 44

Generator Connector Parts Information

Generator Connector Terminal Identification

Scheme 45

Regulated Voltage Control Module Connector Parts Information

Regulated Voltage Control Module Connector Terminal Identification

Reference Information

Schematic Reference

Starting and Charging Schematics

Connector End View Reference

Engine Electrical Connector End Views

Electrical Information Reference

1. «Circuit Testing»(ref-268113-S34300255622007101800000)
2. «Connector Repairs»(ref-268113-S12163038632007101800000)
3. «Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections»(ref-268113-S21569870072007101800000)
4. «Wiring Repairs»(ref-268113-S39498775722007101800000)

Scan Tool Reference

1. «Scan Tool Data List»(ref-268108-S41746048092007101800000)
2. «Scan Tool Data Definitions»(ref-268108-S41740513132007101800000)

Circuit/System Verification

With the scan tool installed, ignition ON and the engine OFF, observe the Ignition 1 Signal parameter in the ECM/PCM data list. The Ignition 1 Signal parameter should read 10.5 volts or greater.

Repair Procedures

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification after completing the diagnostic procedure.

Control Module References for ECM/PCM replacement, setup, and programming

1. If the DTC is history, refer to «Charging System Test»(ref-268108-S22732575282007101800000) .
2. Start the engine, record the voltage at the battery terminals. Observe the Ignition 1 Signal parameter in the ECM/PCM data list. Voltages should not differ by more than 1 volt. If more than 1 volt, replace the ECM/PCM.

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification after completing the diagnostic procedure.

Control Module References for ECM/PCM replacement, setup, and programming

Schematic Reference

Starting and Charging Schematics

Connector End View Reference

Engine Electrical Connector End Views

Electrical Information Reference

1. «Circuit Testing»(ref-268113-S34300255622007101800000)
2. «Connector Repairs»(ref-268113-S12163038632007101800000)
3. «Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections»(ref-268113-S21569870072007101800000)
4. «Wiring Repairs»(ref-268113-S39498775722007101800000)

Scan Tool Reference

1. «Scan Tool Data List»(ref-268108-S41746048092007101800000)
2. «Scan Tool Data Definitions»(ref-268108-S41740513132007101800000)

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification after completing the diagnostic procedure.

1. «Generator Replacement (4.2L Engine)»(ref-268108-S11577458102007101800000) or «Generator Replacement (5.3L Engine)»(ref-268108-S14779794212007101800000)
2. «Control Module References»(ref-268114-S32850434302007101800000) for ECM/PCM replacement, setup, and programming

Schematic Reference

Starting and Charging Schematics

Connector End View Reference

Engine Electrical Connector End Views

Electrical Information Reference

1. «Circuit Testing»(ref-268113-S34300255622007101800000)
2. «Connector Repairs»(ref-268113-S12163038632007101800000)
3. «Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections»(ref-268113-S21569870072007101800000)
4. «Wiring Repairs»(ref-268113-S39498775722007101800000)

Scan Tool Reference

1. «Scan Tool Data List»(ref-268108-S41746048092007101800000)
2. «Scan Tool Data Definitions»(ref-268108-S41740513132007101800000)

With the scan tool installed, ignition ON and the engine running, observe the GEN-F Terminal Signal parameter in the ECM/PCM data list. The GEN-F Terminal Signal parameter should read between 5-95 percent.

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification after completing the diagnostic procedure.

1. «Control Module References»(ref-268114-S32850434302007101800000) for ECM/PCM replacement, setup, and programming
2. «Generator Replacement (4.2L Engine)»(ref-268108-S11577458102007101800000) or «Generator Replacement (5.3L Engine)»(ref-268108-S14779794212007101800000)

Schematic Reference

Starting and Charging Schematics

Connector End View Reference

Engine Electrical Connector End Views

Electrical Information Reference

1. «Circuit Testing»(ref-268113-S34300255622007101800000)
2. «Connector Repairs»(ref-268113-S12163038632007101800000)
3. «Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections»(ref-268113-S21569870072007101800000)
4. «Wiring Repairs»(ref-268113-S39498775722007101800000)

Scan Tool Reference

1. «Scan Tool Data List»(ref-268108-S41746048092007101800000)
2. «Scan Tool Data Definitions»(ref-268108-S41740513132007101800000)

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification after completing the diagnostic procedure.

1. «Control Module References»(ref-268114-S32850434302007101800000) for ECM replacement, setup, and programming
2. «Generator Replacement (4.2L Engine)»(ref-268108-S11577458102007101800000) or «Generator Replacement (5.3L Engine)»(ref-268108-S14779794212007101800000)

1. Perform «Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle»(ref-268112-S10851617502007101800000) before using the Symptom Tables in order to verify that all of the following are true: There are no DTCs set. The control modules can communicate via the serial data link.
2. Review the system descriptions and operations in order to familiarize yourself with the system functions. Refer to one of the following system operations: «Battery Description and Operation»(ref-268108-S00251414142007101800000) «Charging System Description and Operation»(ref-268108-S41748495472007101800000) «Electrical Power Management Description and Operation»(ref-268108-S11275888642007101800000) «Starting System Description and Operation»(ref-268108-S18264158152007101800000)

Intermittent

Faulty electrical connections or wiring may be the cause of intermittent conditions. Refer to Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections .

Tools Required

J 42000 Battery Tester

J 42000 Battery Tester

1. For best results, use an automatic taper-rate battery charger with a voltage capability of 16 volts.
2. The charging area should be well ventilated.
3. Do not charge a battery that appears to be frozen. Allow the battery to warm to room temperature and test it using the J 42000 before charging.

Battery State of Charge

The maintenance-free batteries SOC is estimated by reading the voltage of the battery across the battery terminals. Because the voltage is affected by current flow into or out of the battery, the engine must be stopped and all electrical loads turned OFF, including parasitic loads, when checking the voltage. The voltage can also be affected if the battery has just been charged or discharged, so it is important to consider what has happened to the battery in the time just before testing. Use the following procedure to determine the batteries SOC

1. Be sure all electrical loads are turned OFF.
2. Determine whether the battery has been used in a vehicle or charged within the past 12 hours. If the answer is no, the terminal voltage will be stabilized and no action is necessary before reading the voltage. Skip to step 3. If the answer is yes, terminal voltage will not be stabilized and you should wait 12 hours since the last time the battery was used.
3. Estimate the battery temperature by determining the average temperature to which the battery has been exposed for the past 12 hours. IMPORTANT: The table is accurate to 10 percent only after the battery has been at rest for 12 hours.
4. Measure the battery voltage at the battery terminals. Refer to the following table to determine the SOC according to the estimated battery temperature

Battery Charging

Use the SOC information as follows

1. A battery with a SOC that is below 65 percent must always be recharged before returning it to service or continuing storage.
2. A battery with a SOC that is 65 percent or greater is generally considered to be charged enough in order to be returned to normal service or in order to continue storage. However, if the battery is being used in slow traffic or with short drive times, or if the temperature is very hot or very cold, the battery should be fully charged, to at least 90 percent, before returning it to service or continuing storage.

Charging Time Required

The time required to charge a battery will vary depending upon the following factors

1. The battery charger capacity-The higher the charger amperage, the less time it will take to charge the battery.
2. The SOC of the battery-A completely discharged battery requires more than twice as much charging time as a half charged battery. In a discharged battery with a voltage below 11 volts, the battery has a very high internal resistance and may only accept a very low current at first. Later, as the charging current causes the acid content to increase in the electrolyte, the charging current will increase. Extremely discharged batteries may not activate the reversed voltage protection in some chargers. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for operating this circuitry.
3. The temperature of the battery-The colder the battery is, the more time it takes to recharge the battery. The charging current accepted by a cold battery is very low at first. As the battery warms, the charging current will increase.

Charging Procedure

Note. Turn OFF the ignition when connecting or disconnecting the battery cables, the battery charger or the jumper cables. Failure to do so may damage the ECM/PCM or other electronic components.

Note. Refer to Fastener Notice .

When charging side-terminal batteries with the battery cables connected, connect the charger to the positive cable bolt and to a ground located away from the battery. When charging side-terminal batteries with the battery cables disconnected, install the battery side terminal adapters and connect the charger to the adapters.

Tighten: Tighten the battery side terminal adapters to 15 N.m (11 lb ft).

Use the following procedure to charge the battery

1. Turn OFF the charger.
2. Ensure that all of the battery terminal connections are clean and tight.
3. Connect the charger positive lead to the battery positive terminal on the battery or the remote jumper stud underhood. NOTE: Do not connect the negative charger lead to the housings of other vehicle electrical accessories or equipment. The action of the battery charger may damage such equipment.
4. Connect the negative charger lead to a solid engine ground or to a ground stud in the engine compartment that is connected directly to the battery negative terminal, but away from the battery. If the negative battery cable is disconnected and a terminal adapter is being used, connect directly to the adapter.
5. Turn ON the charger and set to the highest setting for normal charging.
6. Inspect the battery every half hour after starting the battery charger. Charge the battery until the taper-rate charger indicates that the battery is fully charged. Estimate the battery temperature by feeling the side of the battery. If it feels hot to the touch or its temperature is over 45°C (125°F), discontinue charging and allow the battery to cool before resuming charging.
7. After charging, test the battery. Refer to «Battery Inspection/Test»(ref-268108-S00563501072007101800000) .

J 38758 Parasitic Draw Test Switch

Battery Common Causes of Failure

A battery is not designed to last forever. With proper care, however, the battery will provide years of good service. If the battery tests good but still fails to perform well, the following are some of the more common causes

1. A vehicle accessory was left on overnight.
2. The driving speeds have been slow with frequent stops with many electrical accessories in use, particularly air conditioning, headlights, wipers, heated rear window, cellular telephone, etc.
3. The electrical load has exceeded the generator output, particularly with the addition of aftermarket equipment.
4. Existing conditions in the charging system, including the following possibilities: A slipping belt A bad generator
5. The battery has not been properly maintained, including a loose battery hold down or missing battery insulator if used.
6. There are mechanical conditions in the electrical system, such as a short or a pinched wire, attributing to power failure. Refer to «General Electrical Diagnosis»(ref-268113-S16018541682007101800000) .

Electrolyte Freezing

The freezing point of electrolyte depends on its specific gravity. A fully charged battery will not freeze until the ambient temperature gets below -54°C (-65°F). However, a battery with a low state of charge may freeze at temperatures as high as -7°C (+20°F). Since freezing may ruin a battery, the battery should be protected against freezing by keeping it properly charged. As long as the green eye is visible in the hydrometer, the freezing point of the battery will be somewhere below -32°C (-25°F).

Battery Protection During Vehicle Storage

Certain devices on the vehicle maintain a small continuous current drain on the battery. A battery that is not used for an extended period of time will discharge. Eventually permanent damage will result. Discharged batteries will also freeze in cold weather. Refer to Battery Inspection/Test .

In order to maintain a battery state of charge while storing the vehicle for more than 30 days, disconnect the battery ground to protect the battery from discharge by parasitic current drains.

When the battery cannot be disconnected

1. Maintain a high state of charge.
2. Establish a regular schedule for recharging the battery every 20-45 days.

A battery that has remained in a discharged state for a long period of time is difficult to recharge or may be permanently damaged.

Jump Starting in Case of Emergency

Note. This vehicle has a 12 volt, negative ground electrical system. Make sure the vehicle or equipment being used to jump start the engine is also 12 volt, negative ground. Use of any other type of system will damage the vehicle's electrical components.

Scheme 46

1. Position the vehicle with the booster battery so that the jumper cables will reach. Do not let the 2 vehicles touch. Make sure that the jumper cables do not have loose ends, or missing insulation.
2. Place an automatic transmission in PARK. If equipped with a manual transmission, place in NEUTRAL and set the parking brake.
3. Turn OFF all electrical loads on both vehicles that are not needed. Leave the hazard flashers ON, if required.
4. Turn OFF the ignition on both vehicles.
5. Connect the red positive (+) cable to the battery positive (+) terminal (2) of the vehicle with the discharged battery. IMPORTANT: Some vehicles have a battery remote positive stud. ALWAYS use the battery remote positive stud in order to give or to receive a jump start.
6. Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal (1) of the booster battery.
7. Connect the black negative (-) cable to the negative (-) terminal (3) of the booster battery. CAUTION: Do not connect a jumper cable directly to the negative terminal of a discharged battery to prevent sparking and possible explosion of battery gases.
8. The final connection is made to a heavy, unpainted metal engine part (4) of the vehicle with the discharged battery. This final attachment must be at least 46 cm (18 in) away from the dead battery.
9. Start the engine of the vehicle that is providing the boost and perform the following: Turn OFF all accessories. Raise the engine RPM to approximately 1,500 RPM for 5 minutes. NOTE: Never operate the starter motor more than 15 seconds at a time without pausing in order to allow it to cool for at least 2 minutes. Overheating will damage the starter motor.
10. Crank the engine of the vehicle with the discharged battery. If the engine does not crank or cranks too slowly, perform the following: Turn the ignition OFF. Allow the booster vehicle engine to run at approximately 1,500 RPM for an additional 5 minutes. Attempt to start the engine of the vehicle with the discharged battery.
11. After the engine of the vehicle with the discharged battery starts, remove the jumper cables as follows: The black negative (-) cable must be first disconnected from the vehicle that was boosted (4). Disconnect the black negative (-) cable from the negative (-) terminal (3) of the booster battery. NOTE: Do not let the cable end touch any metal. Damage to the battery and other components may result. Disconnect the red positive (+) cable from the positive (+) terminal (1) of the booster battery. Disconnect the red positive (+) cable from the remote positive (+) terminal (2) of the vehicle with the discharged battery.

Charge Indicator Always On

Charge Indicator Always On

Charge Indicator Inoperative

Charge Indicator Inoperative

Starter Solenoid Does Not Click

Starter Solenoid Does Not Click

Starter Solenoid Clicks, Engine Does Not Crank

Starter Solenoid Clicks, Engine Does Not Crank

Engine Cranks Slowly

Inspect the following items

1. Battery-Perform the Battery Inspection/Test. Refer to «Battery Inspection/Test»(ref-268108-S00563501072007101800000) .
2. Wiring-Inspect the wiring for damage. Inspect all connections to the starter motor, the solenoid, the battery, and all ground connections. Refer to: «Circuit Testing»(ref-268113-S34300255622007101800000) «Wiring Repairs»(ref-268113-S39498775722007101800000) «Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections»(ref-268113-S21569870072007101800000) «Connector Repairs»(ref-268113-S12163038632007101800000)
3. Engine-Verify that the engine is not seized.

If the battery, the wiring, and the engine are functioning properly, and the engine continues to crank slowly, replace the starter motor. Refer to Starter Motor Replacement (4.2L Engine) or Starter Motor Replacement (5.3L Engine) .

Disconnecting Procedure

Scheme 47

1. Record all preset and theft codes from the radio.
2. Turn the ignition switch to the LOCK position.
3. Verify that all the electrical components are off such as interior lights, all doors are closed, the underhood lamp, etc.
4. Loosen the negative battery cable bolt.
5. Remove the negative battery cable (2) from the battery.
6. Position the negative battery cable away from any body ground.

Connecting Procedure

1. Verify that all electrical components are off such as interior lights, all doors are closed, the underhood lamp, etc.
2. Clean any corrosion from the negative battery cable using a wire brush.
3. Position the negative battery cable (2) to the battery. NOTE: Refer to «Fastener Notice»(ref-268087-S07010920292007101800000) .
4. Tighten negative battery cable bolt. Tighten: Tighten the bolt to 15 N.m (11 lb ft).

Scheme 48

1. Remove the negative battery cable. Refer to «Battery Negative Cable Replacement (4.2L Engine)»(ref-268108-S38243103102007101800000) or «Battery Negative Cable Replacement (5.3L Engine)»(ref-268108-S22644214062007101800000) .
2. Mark the location of the negative battery cable clips and remove the clips from the cable.
3. Remove the tape securing the generator battery current sensor to the negative battery cable.
4. Squeeze the negative battery cable branches together. IMPORTANT: Note the orientation of the generator battery current sensor prior to removal.
5. Slide the generator battery current sensor (1) off of the negative battery cable.

Battery Ratings

A battery may have 3 ratings

1. Amp hour (AH)
2. Reserve capacity (RC)
3. Cold cranking amperage (CCA)

When a battery is replaced, use a battery with similar ratings. Refer to the battery specification label on the original battery or refer to Battery Usage .

Amp Hour (AH)

The amp hour rating of a battery is the amount of time it takes a fully charged battery, being discharged at a constant rate of 1 amperes and a constant temperature of 27°C (80°F), to reach a terminal voltage of 10.5 volts. Refer to Battery Usage for the amp hour rating of the original equipment battery.

Cold Cranking Amperage (CCA)

The cold cranking amperage is an indication of the ability of the battery to crank the engine at cold temperatures. The cold cranking amperage rating is the minimum amperage the battery must maintain for 30 seconds at -18°C (0°F) while maintaining at least 7.2 volts. Refer to Battery Usage for the cold cranking amperage rating for this vehicle.

Generator

The generator is a serviceable component. If there is a diagnosed failure of the generator it must be replaced as an assembly. The engine drive belt drives the generator. When the rotor is spun it induces an alternating current (AC) into the stator windings. The AC voltage is then sent through a series of diodes for rectification. The rectified voltage has been converted into a direct current (DC) for use by the vehicles electrical system to maintain electrical loads and the battery charge. The voltage regulator integral to the generator controls the output of the generator. It is not serviceable. The voltage regulator controls the amount of current provided to the rotor. If the generator has field control circuit failure, the generator defaults to an output voltage of 13.8 volts.

Generator Battery Control Module

The generator battery control module is a class 2 device. It communicates with the engine control module (ECM)/powertrain control module (PCM), instrument panel cluster and the body control module for electrical power management (EPM) operation. It is a serviceable component that is connected to the negative battery cable at the battery. It directly controls the generator field control circuit, charge indicator control, input to the generator. It continuously monitors the generator field duty cycle signal circuit and the battery voltage. If the generator battery control module loses communication with the ECM/PCM, the default voltage will be set to 13.8 volts and the module will set U1016. If the generator battery control module loses communication with the body control module (BCM), the module will set U1064.

Engine Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (PCM)

The ECM/PCM provides information over the class 2 serial data circuit to the generator battery control module. The generator battery control module monitors the following data parameters provided by the ECM/PCM

1. Intake air temperature
2. Fuel grams per second
3. Throttle position
4. Engine cooling fan speed
5. Engine coolant temperature
6. Exterior environment-Outside Air Temperature

The generator battery control module uses these data parameters for different charging system modes depending on the required voltage needed.

Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC)

The instrument panel cluster (IPC) provides a means of customer notification in case of a failure. There are 2 means of notification, a battery charge indicator and a driver information center message of SERVICE CHARGING SYSTEM FAILURE and CHARGING SYSTEM FAULT.

Charge Mode

The generator battery control module will enter Charge Mode when at least one of the following conditions is met

1. The electric cooling fans are on high speed.
2. The rear defogger is ON.
3. The battery state of charge is less than 80 percent.
4. The battery current is not between -8 and +15 amps.
5. The estimated ambient air temperature is less than 0°C (32°F).
6. DTC B1516 is set.

Once one of these conditions are met the generator battery control module will set the targeted generator output voltage to the nominal optimum battery voltage which is from 13.9-15.5 volts, the voltage set point is based on the batteries state of charge and estimated battery temperature. The battery voltage ramps up to the targeted set point at a rate of 20 mV per second.

Fuel Economy Mode

The generator battery control module will enter Fuel Economy Mode when all of the following conditions are true

1. Estimated ambient air temperature is equal to or greater than 0°C (32°F).
2. The calculated battery current is less than +15 amperes and greater than -8 amperes.
3. The battery state of charge is greater than or equal to 80 percent.
4. The rear defoggers are turned OFF.
5. The electric cooling fans are on low speed or OFF.

The targeted generator output voltage is 13 volts. The generator battery control module will exit this mode once the criteria are met for Charge Mode or it will boost voltage to a pre-determined set point for the fuel pump, headlamps, or windshield wipers.

Voltage Reduction Mode

The generator battery control module will enter Voltage Reduction Mode when the calculated ambient air temperature is above 0°C (32°F). The calculated battery current is less than +2 amperes and greater than -7 amperes, the generator field duty cycle is less than 99 percent. The rear defoggers are turned OFF, and the electric cooling fans are on low speed or OFF. Its targeted generator output voltage is 87 percent of the Charge Mode set point but limited to 12.9 volts. The generator battery control module will exit this mode once the criteria are met for Charge Mode or it will boost voltage to a pre-determined set point for the fuel pump, headlamps, or windshield wipers.

Start Up Mode

After the engine has started the generator battery control module sets a targeted generator output voltage of 14.5 volts for 30 seconds.

Headlamp Mode

The generator battery control module will enter the Headlamp Mode when the headlamps, low or high beams, are turned ON. The voltage will ramp up or down to 14.5 volts at a rate of 10 mV/second. The module will exit this mode once the headlamps are turned OFF and enter Charge Mode, Fuel Economy Mode, or Voltage Reduction Mode.

Battery Sulfation Mode

The generator battery control module will enter this mode when the interpreted generator output voltage is less than 13.2 volts for 45 minutes. Once in this mode the generator battery control module will set the targeted output voltage to the nominal optimum battery voltage, see Charge Mode, for 3 minutes. The generator battery control module will then determine which mode to enter depending on vehicle conditions.

Windshield Wiper Voltage Boost Mode

When the generator battery control module is in Fuel Economy Mode or Voltage Reduction Mode, the module will boost battery voltage to 14.5 volts when the windshield wipers are ON, intermittent, low, or high speed, after 8 seconds. The voltage will ramp to 14.5 volts at a rate of 50 mV/second. The module will exit this mode once the windshield wipers are OFF for 5 seconds and the module will enter Charge Mode, Fuel Economy Mode, or Voltage Reduction Mode.

Fuel Pump Voltage Boost Mode

When the generator battery control module is in Fuel Economy Mode or Voltage Reduction Mode, the module will immediately boost battery voltage to 13.4 volts when the instantaneous fuel flow is greater than 21k grams/second and the throttle position sensor pedal position is greater than 90 percent. The module will exit this mode once the instantaneous fuel flow is less than 5k grams/second and enter Charge Mode, Fuel Economy Mode, or Voltage Reduction Mode.

De-Ice Voltage Boost Mode

The generator battery control module will enter De-Ice Voltage Boost Mode when the estimated ambient air temperature is less than or equal to -1°C (+30°F) and the engine coolant temperature is less than or equal to 75°C (167°F). The module will be in Charge Mode if the above conditions are true. Once the engine coolant temperature becomes greater than 75°C (167°F), the module will remain in Charge Mode or enter Fuel Economy Mode or Voltage Reduction Mode based on the vehicle conditions.

Charging System Failure

The generator battery control module will send a class 2 message to the IPC for the CHARGING SYSTEM FAILURE message to be displayed. It is commanded ON when DTC B1487 sets. The message is turned OFF when the conditions for clearing the DTC have been met and after an ignition cycle.

Service Charging System

The generator battery control module will send a class 2 message to the IPC for the SERVICE CHARGING SYSTEM message to be displayed. It is commanded ON when DTC B1390, B1488, B1492, or B1516 sets. The message is turned OFF when the conditions for clearing the DTC have been met and after an ignition cycle.

Electrical Power Management

The electrical power management (EPM) is used to monitor and control the charging system and alert the driver of possible problems within the charging system. The EPM system makes the most efficient use of the generator output, improves the battery state of charge (SOC), extends battery life.

The idle boost operation is a means of improving generator performance during a low voltage or low battery SOC condition.

Idle boost is activated in incremental steps, idle boost 1 must be active before idle boost 2 can be active. The criteria used by the body control module (BCM) to regulate EPM are outlined below.

Electrical Power Management Description and Operation