Code Types
There are 3 types of DTC categories
- Type "A" Emissions related. PCM illuminates the MIL when the diagnostic runs and fails.
- Type "B" Emissions related. PCM illuminates MIL on the second consecutive ignition cycle that the diagnostic runs and fails.
- Type "C" Non-emissions related. PCM stores the DTC information into memory when the diagnostic runs and fails. The MIL will not illuminate. The driver information center, if equipped, may display a message.
Freeze Frame/Failure Records
PCM stores one freeze frame record for the first failed test that sets a DTC and illuminates MIL. Freeze frame will not be overwritten unless a misfire or fuel trim DTC is set. Failure records are stored when any DTC is set. Some PCMs can store up to 5 failure records. Failure records will be stored for all types of codes, whether or not MIL is illuminated.
Typical data includes
- Air/fuel ratio.
- Air flow rate.
- Fuel trim.
- Engine speed.
- Engine load.
- Engine coolant temperature.
- Vehicle speed.
- Throttle position angle.
- Manifold absolute pressure.
- Injector base pulse width.
- Loop status.
Monitors
- Comprehensive Component Monitor Monitors PCM systems for opens, shorts grounds and out-of-range sensors. Also monitors rationality of sensors. Rationality is whether the sensor value is consistent with the operating conditions of the other sensors.
- Misfire Monitor Monitors engine misfire using crankshaft sensor to determine location and severity of misfire. A catalyst damaging misfire will flash the MIL, and a non-catalyst damaging misfire is a normal type "B" code.
- Fuel Trim Monitor Monitors short and long term fuel trim for being at maximum lean or rich limit.
- Oxygen Sensor Monitor Monitors all oxygen sensors for maximum voltage level, minimum voltage level and lean rich/rich lean switching rate.
- Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor Monitors oxygen sensor heater by watching sensor's time-to-activity after a cold start.
- Catalyst Monitor Monitors catalyst efficiency by comparing activity rate of pre-catalyst oxygen sensor and post-catalyst oxygen sensor.
- EVAP Monitor Monitors EVAP system for large leaks, small leaks and purge flow.
Disconnect Battery
Note. On many OBD-II systems, PCM will retain memory for an extended period of time with battery disconnected. Memory may be retained for several days.
Disconnecting PCM power or battery ground will clear all PCM memory including DTCs, freeze frame, failure records, adaptive learning and system monitors.
Warm-up Cycles
If fault that caused DTC to set is repaired, PCM will begin to count warm-up cycles. After 40 consecutive warm-up cycles with no further faults, PCM will automatically clear DTC from memory.
PROGRAMMING
Note. DO NOT program an existing PCM with the identical software/calibration package. This procedure is not a short cut to correct a driveability condition. This is an ineffective repair. A PCM should only be programmed when a service procedure instructs you to replace the PCM. The service part PCM does not contain operating software or calibrations or General Motors Corporation releases an updated software/calibration package.
After replacing Powertrain Control Module (PCM) or if program needs to be updated, refer to latest Techline(R) information on PCM reprogramming. PCM can only be programmed using Tech 2 and Techline(R) terminal, or by using a personal computer equipped with the current service programming system software installed.
SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM
After replacing PCM or if program needs to be updated, refer to latest Techline information on PCM reprogramming. Before programming a PCM, the following must be observed, or PCM damage may occur
- The Tech 2 and the terminal must have the latest software.
- The vehicle battery must be fully charged. The battery voltage should be 12-14 volts.
- The Tech 2 and the terminal cable connections must be secure.
- A battery charger must NOT be connected to the battery when programming a PCM.
After reprogramming, perform and
PROGRAMMING THEFT DETERRENT SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Service Programming Methods
The 4 methods of programming a PCM and the proper tools for each method are as follows
- Remote Programming. See «SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM REMOTE PROCEDURE»(ref-153397-S30077955952003041100000) .
- Pass Thru Programming. See «SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM PASS-THRU PROCEDURE»(ref-153397-S07625288752003041200000) .
- Off-Board Remote Programming, vehicle NOT available. See «SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM OFF BOARD REMOTE PROCEDURE»(ref-153397-S30256617822003041200000) .
- Off-Board Pass Thru Programming. See «SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM OFF BOARD PASS-THRU PROCEDURE»(ref-153397-S22728541612003041200000) .
All 4 methods may not be available for every vehicle.
SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM REMOTE PROCEDURE
The Remote Service Programming System (SPS) method is a three-step process that involves the following procedures
- Connecting the Tech 2 to the vehicle and obtaining the information from the module.
- Connecting the Tech 2 to the terminal and downloading a new calibration file from the terminal into the Tech 2 memory.
- Reconnecting the Tech 2 to the vehicle and uploading the new calibration file into the module.
Remote Procedure
Note. Ensure the PCM is installed in the vehicle and the battery is fully charged before programming.
- Connect the Tech 2 to the vehicle and obtain the module information using the following procedure: Connect the Tech 2 to the vehicle Data Link Connector (DLC), with the engine and the Tech 2 OFF. (Scheme 61) Turn ON the Tech 2. Press Enter at the title screen. Turn ignition switch to RUN position, engine OFF. Select SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM at the Main Menu. NOTE: Select REQUEST INFO AGAIN if a vehicle identification number (VIN) was previously stored in the Tech 2. Select REQUEST INFO. Enter the vehicle description by following the on-screen instructions. Turn all accessories OFF and select CONTINUE. Select NO and write down the VIN if the VIN is incorrect. Verify that the correct VIN is entered on the Tech 2 and select YES.
- Turn OFF the Tech 2.
- Disconnect the Tech 2 from the vehicle.
- Turn ignition switch to OFF position.
- Transfer the data from the terminal to the Tech 2 using the following procedure: Connect the Tech 2 to the terminal. (Scheme 62) NOTE: The Techline Information System (TIS) supports service programming with the Tech 2 scan tool only. Launch the TIS application at the terminal. Select the SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM at the main screen. Highlight the following information on the SELECT DIAGNOSTIC TOOL and PROGRAMMING PROCESS SCREEN: Select Diagnostic Tool - Select Tech 2. Select Programming Process - Identify whether an existing module is being reprogrammed or a module is being replaced with a new one. Select ECU Location - Select vehicle. Select NEXT. Verify the connections and select NEXT. NOTE: You may receive a message stating that the PCM could be a service PCM if you selected NO to the VIN being correct. Click OK. Verify the VIN and select Next. Select the appropriate controller for the vehicle being serviced. NOTE: When selecting the Vehicle Configuration Index (VCI) programming type, a valid VCI number for the vehicle must be entered. This number may be obtained from the Techline Customer Support. Select the type of programming to be performed from the following categories: Normal - Used for updating an existing calibration or programming a new controller. Vehicle Configuration Index (VCI) - Used for updating an existing controller or programming a new controller for newer vehicles whose VINs are not yet in the database. Reconfigure - Used to reconfigure a vehicle for changes in tire size and axle ratios. Select NEXT. NOTE: Refer to Service bulletins before service programming is performed if the bulletins are listed along with the calibration files. Select the appropriate calibration file for the vehicle being serviced. Select NEXT. NOTE: Select CANCEL if you receive a message stating that the calibration selected is already the current calibration in the PCM and reprogramming with the same download is not allowed. Verify your selection on the Summary screen. Select NEXT.
- Perform the CRANKSHAFT POSITION VARIATION RELEARN PROCEDURE using the SPECIAL FUNCTIONS feature, if applicable. See «CKP SYSTEM VARIATION LEARN PROCEDURE»(ref-153397-S15830427602003041400000).
- Close the application and return to the TIS application Selection screen after the download is complete.
- Turn OFF the Tech 2.
- Disconnect the Tech 2 from the terminal.
- Transfer the data from the Tech 2 to the PCM using the following procedure: Turn OFF the ignition. Turn OFF the Tech 2. Disconnect the Tech 2 from the vehicle.
Scheme 61
Scheme 62
Verifying Reprogramming
Note. Some vehicles will require that Idle Learn, TP Learn, Theft Deterrent Relearn, or Crankshaft Variation Learn procedures be performed after programming. Consult the appropriate service information for these procedures.
Verify the PCM programming was successful using the following procedure
- Turn OFF the ignition for 30 seconds.
- Start the engine.
- Repeat the SPS procedure if the vehicle does not start or starts but runs rough.
SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM PASS-THRU PROCEDURE
Note. The Techline Information System (TIS) supports service programming with the Tech 2(tm) scan tool only.
Pass-Thru programming allows the scan tool to remain connected to the terminal and to the vehicle throughout the programming process. The vehicle must be in close proximity to the terminal while using Pass-Thru.
Performing The Pass-Thru Procedure
- Launch the TIS application at the terminal.
- Select the SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM.
- Highlight the following information on the Select Diagnostic Tool Programming Process screen: Select Diagnostic Tool - Select PASS-THRU. Select Programming - Identify whether an existing module is being reprogrammed or a module is being replaced with a new one. Select ECU Location - Select vehicle.
- Select NEXT.
- Complete all terminal-directed data on the PREPARING FOR COMMUNICATION/DETERMINE VEHICLE screen until NEXT is highlighted.
- Select NEXT.
- Follow the instructions on the PREPARING FOR COMMUNICATION screen.
- Select NEXT.
- Verify the VIN on the VALIDATE VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER screen.
- Select NEXT.
- If an option screen appears, verify the vehicle configuration and/or RPO information.
- Select Next.
- Highlight the appropriate PCM and programming type on the Supported Controllers screen.
- Select Next.
- Select the proper calibrations on the Calibration Selection screen.
- Ensure all the folder tabs have a green check mark.
- Select NEXT.
- Verify the current calibrations with the selected calibrations.
- Select NEXT.
- The TRANSFER DATA screen will appear until the progress bar reaches 100 percent. This may take up to 30 minutes.
- Complete all of the terminal-directed data on the Programming Complete screen.
- Turn OFF the Tech 2.
- Disconnect the Tech 2(tm) from the vehicle.
SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM OFF BOARD REMOTE PROCEDURE
Note. Ensure the Tech 2 and the terminal are both equipped with the latest software before performing SPS.
The Off-Board Programming Adapter Kit (J 41207-C) is required when a module must be programmed without having the vehicle present. The adapter allows the module to be turned ON and communicate with the scan tool.
Performing the Off Board Remote Procedure
- Obtain the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) of the vehicle for which the module is being programmed.
- Launch the TIS application at the terminal.
- Select the SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM.
- Highlight the following information on the Select Diagnostic Tool and Programming Process screen: Select Diagnostic Tool - Select Tech 2. Select Programming Process - Identify whether an existing module is being reprogrammed or replaced with a new one. Select ECU location - Select Off-Board Programming Adapter.
- Select NEXT.
- Follow the directions on the Preparing for Communication screen for connecting the following components: The PCM. The Off-Board Programming Adapter (OBPA). Refer to the TIS users guide for a listing of the OBPA. The Tech 2. (Scheme 63)
- Select the SERVICE PROGRAMMING REQUEST INFORMATION function on the Tech 2.
- Follow the Tech 2 instructions to obtain the module data and security information.
- After the Tech 2 has received the data from the module, exit the REQUEST INFO mode.
- Disconnect the Tech 2 from the OBPA.
- Turn OFF the Tech 2.
- Connect the Tech 2 to the terminal. (Scheme 62)
- Turn ON the Tech 2.
- Select Next at the terminal after the Tech 2 start-up screen appears.
- Enter the VIN of the vehicle that will be receiving the NEW PCM.
- Select NEXT.
- Select the type of programming to be performed from the following categories: Normal - Used for updating an existing calibration or programming a new controller. Vehicle Configuration Index - Used for updating an existing controller or programming a new controller for newer vehicles whose VINs are not yet in the database. Reconfigure - Used to reconfigure a vehicle for changes in tire size and axle ratios.
- Select NEXT.
- Select a calibration on the CALIBRATION SELECTION screen, if necessary.
- Ensure all the desired folder tabs have a Green check mark.
- Select NEXT.
- Verify the current and the selected calibration of the PCM on the summary screen.
- Select NEXT.
- Select OK.
- On model year 1996 and newer controllers, a Crankshaft Position (CKP) relearn procedure box may appear. Select OK. See «CKP SYSTEM VARIATION LEARN PROCEDURE»(ref-153397-S15830427602003041400000).
- Follow the on-screen instructions, if any, when the PROGRAM CONTROLLER/PROGRAMMING COMPLETE screen appears.
- Select CLOSE.
- Turn OFF the Tech 2.
- Disconnect the Tech 2 from the terminal.
- Connect the Tech 2 to the OBPA.
- Turn ON the Tech 2.
- Select ENTER at the title screen.
- Select the SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM at the Main Menu.
- Select the Program ECU function.
- Select CONTINUE.
- Follow the on-screen instructions.
- Select CONTINUE.
- Select Exit when the programming is complete.
- Turn OFF the OBPA.
- Turn OFF the Tech 2. Wait 30 seconds after the OBPA is turned OFF before disconnecting the PCM.
- Disconnect the OBPA from the Tech 2 and the PCM.
Scheme 63
SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM OFF BOARD PASS-THRU PROCEDURE
Note. The Techline Information System (TIS) supports service programming with the Tech 2 scan tool only.
Note. Ensure the Tech 2 and the terminal are both equipped with the latest software before performing SPS.
The Off-Board Programming Adapter Kit (J 41207-C) is required when a module must be programmed without having the vehicle present. The adapter allows the module to be turned ON and communicate with the Tech 2.
Performing The Off Board Pass-Thru Procedure
- Launch the Techline Information System (TIS) application in the terminal.
- Select the SERVICE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM.
- Highlight the following information on the Select Diagnostic Tool and Programming Process Screen: Select Diagnostic Tool - Select PASS-THRU. Select Programming Process - Identify whether an existing module is being reprogrammed, or a module is being replaced with a new one. Select ECU location - Select Off-Board Programming Adapter.
- Select NEXT.
- Complete all terminal-directed data at the PREPARING FOR COMMUNICATION/DETERMINE VEHICLE screen until NEXT is highlighted. (Scheme 63)
- Select NEXT.
- Follow the on-screen instructions for connecting the following components: The PCM. The Off-Board Programming Adapter (OBPA). Refer to the TIS Users Guide for a listing of OBPA. The Tech 2.
- Select NEXT.
- Pass-Thru displays the VIN stored in the PCM. If a new PCM is being programmed, enter the correct VIN of the vehicle.
- Select NEXT.
- Select the appropriate options if the OPTIONS screen appears.
- Select NEXT.
- Select the type of programming to be performed from the following categories: Normal - Used for updating an existing calibration or programming a new controller. Vehicle Configuration Index - Used for updating an existing controller or programming a new controller for newer vehicles whose VINs are not yet in the database. Reconfigure - Used to reconfigure a vehicle for changes in tire size and axle ratios.
- Select NEXT.
- Select a calibration selection on the Calibration Selection screen, if necessary.
- Ensure all the desired calibration folder tabs have a green check mark.
- Select NEXT.
- Verify the current and selected calibration of the PCM on the Summary screen.
- Select NEXT.
- Select OK.
- Select OK.
- When programming is complete, a PROGRAM CONTROLLER/PROGRAMMING COMPLETE screen appears. Follow the on-screen instructions, if any.
- Select CLOSE.
- Turn OFF the OBPA.
- Turn OFF the scan tool.
- Disconnect the OBPA from the Tech 2 and the PCM.
CKP SYSTEM VARIATION LEARN PROCEDURE
- Connect scan tool to DLC.
- Monitor the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) for DTCs using scan tool. If other DTCs are set, except DTCs P1336, refer to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS»(ref-153397-S21975802792003040400000) for the applicable DTC that set.
- Select the crankshaft position variation learn procedure using the scan tool.
- Observe the fuel cut-off specifications for that engine.
- The scan tool instructs you to perform the following: Accelerate to Wide Open Throttle (WOT). Release when the fuel cut-off occurs. Engine should not accelerate beyond calibrated RPM value. Release throttle immediately if value is exceeded. Block drive wheels. Set parking brake. DO NOT apply brake pedal. Cycle the ignition switch from OFF to ON position. Apply and hold the brake pedal. Start and idle engine. Turn A/C OFF. Vehicle must remain in Park or Neutral. The scan tool monitors certain component signals to determine if all the conditions are met to continue with the procedure. The scan tool only displays the condition that inhibits the procedure. The scan tool monitors the following components: Crankshaft Position Sensors Activity - If there is a CKP sensor condition, refer to the applicable DTC that set. Camshaft Position Sensor Activity - If there is a CMP sensor condition, refer to the applicable DTC that set. Engine Coolant Temperature - If the engine coolant temperature is not warm enough, idle the engine until the engine coolant temperature reaches the correct temperature.
- Enable the crankshaft position system variation learn procedure using the scan tool.
- Accelerate to WOT.
- Release when the fuel cut-off occurs.
- The scan tool displays LEARN STATUS: LEARNED THIS IGNITION. If the scan tool indicates that DTC P1336 ran and passed, the CKP variation learn procedure is complete. If the scan tool indicates DTC P1336 failed or did not run, go to «DTC P1336: CRANKSHAFT POSITION SYSTEM VARIATION NOT LEARNED»(ref-153397-S41211973582003040400000) under DIAGNOSTIC TESTS. If any other DTCs set, go to «DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DEFINITIONS»(ref-153397-S21975802792003040400000) for the applicable DTC that set.
- Turn ignition switch to OFF position for 30 seconds after the learn procedure is completed successfully.
PROGRAMMING THEFT DETERRENT SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Note. Due to component variability, the Vehicle Theft Deterrent (VTD) system must have the learn procedure performed regardless, if vehicle starts on the first ignition cycle after a VTD repair. All codes in the theft deterrent module must be cleared for a relearn.
Note. The BCM must be programmed with proper RPO configurations before performing learn procedures. If replacing BCM with a GM Service Parts Operations (SPO) replacement part, the module will learn Passlock(tm) sensor data code immediately. The existing PCM however, must learn the new fuel continue password when BCM is replaced.
Note. If replacing a PCM with a replacement part, after programming, these modules will learn incoming fuel continue password immediately upon receipt of a password message. Once a password message is received and a password is learned, a learn procedure must be performed to change this password again. A PCM which has been previously installed in another vehicle will have learned the other vehicle's fuel continue password and will require a learn procedure after programming to learn current vehicle's password.
Use these procedures after replacing
- Passlock(tm) Sensor
- BCM
- PCM
10 Minute Learn Procedure
- Turn ignition switch to RUN position, engine OFF.
- Attempt to start the engine, then release the key to ON (vehicle will not start).
- Observe the SECURITY telltale, after approximately 10 minutes the telltale will turn OFF.
- Turn OFF the ignition, and wait 5 seconds.
- The vehicle is now ready to relearn the Passlock(tm) Sensor Data Code and/or passwords on the next ignition switch transition from OFF to CRANK.
- Start the engine. The vehicle has now learned the Passlock(tm) Sensor Data Code and/or password.
- Using a scan tool, clear any DTCs if needed. History DTCs will self clear after 100 ignition cycles.
DRIVE CYCLES
See INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE SYSTEM CHECK .
Conditions For Updating I/M system Status
Each system requires at least one, and sometimes several, diagnostic tests. The results of these tests are reported by a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC). A system monitor is complete when either all of the DTCs comprising the monitor have Run and Passed, or any one of the DTCs comprising the monitor have illuminated the MIL. Once all of the tests are completed, the I/M system Status display will indicate YES in the completed column. For example, when the HO2S Heater Test indicates YES, all of the oxygen sensor heaters have been diagnosed. If the vehicle has four heated oxygen sensors, all four heater circuits have been diagnosed. The I/M system Status will indicate NO under the Completed column when any of the required tests for that system have not run. The following is a list of conditions that would set the I/M system Status indicator to NO
- The vehicle is new from the factory and has not yet been driven through the necessary drive conditions to complete the tests.
- The battery has been disconnected or discharged below operating voltage.
- The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) power or ground has been interrupted.
- The PCM has been reprogrammed.
- The PCM DTCs have been cleared as part of a service procedure.
Monitored Emission Control Systems
The OBD-II system monitors all emission control systems that are on-board. Not all vehicles have a full complement of emission control systems. For example, a vehicle may not be equipped with AIR or EGR. The OBD-II regulations require monitoring of the following
- Air conditioning system.
- Catalytic converter efficiency.
- Comprehensive component monitoring. Emission related inputs and outputs.
- Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) system.
- Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system.
- Fuel delivery system.
- Heated catalyst monitoring.
- Misfire monitoring.
- Oxygen Sensor or Heated Oxygen Sensor (O2S or HO2S) system.
- Oxygen Sensor Heater (HO2S Heater) system.
- Secondary Air Injection (AIR) system.
For the specific DTCs required for each system, refer to INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE SYSTEM DTCS . Systems such as fuel delivery, misfire, and comprehensive components may not be listed in a system status list. These tests run continuously on some vehicles and may not require an indicator.
SUMMARY
If no Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) are present and a no-start condition exists, go to NO-START DIAGNOSIS in BASIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES - 2.2L ALERO, CAVALIER, GRAND AM & SUNFIRE article. If no DTCs are present and a driveability condition exists, go to TROUBLE SHOOTING - NO CODES - 2.2L ALERO, CAVALIER, GRAND AM & SUNFIRE - GASOLINE article for diagnosis by symptom (i.e., ROUGH IDLE, NO START, etc.). If vehicle is equipped with 2.2L Bi-Fuel - CNG/Gasoline engine, see SELF-DIAGNOSTICS - 2.2L CAVALIER - BI-FUEL - CNG/GASOLINE article for CNG related problems.
MIL INOPERATIVE
Note. For circuit reference, see WIRING DIAGRAMS . For component locations, see COMPONENT LOCATIONS . For connector identification, see CONNECTOR IDENTIFICATION .
MIL ALWAYS ON
Note. For circuit reference, see WIRING DIAGRAMS . For component locations, see COMPONENT LOCATIONS . For connector identification, see CONNECTOR IDENTIFICATION .
ALERO
See ENGINE PERFORMANCE in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article in ELECTRICAL.
CAVALIER
See ENGINE PERFORMANCE in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article in ELECTRICAL.
GRAND AM
See ENGINE PERFORMANCE in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article in ELECTRICAL.
SUNFIRE
See ENGINE PERFORMANCE in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article in ELECTRICAL.