General Information: Other Nissan Frontier D22

Precautions

Observe the following precautions to ensure safe and proper servicing.

SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM (SRS) "AIR BAG" AND "SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER"

The Supplemental Restraint System such as "AIR BAG" and "SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER" used along with a seat belt, helps to reduce the risk or severity of injury to the driver and front passenger in a frontal collision. The Supplemental Restraint System consists of air bag modules (located in the center of the steering wheel and in the instrument panel on the passenger side), seat belt pre-tensioners, a diagnosis sensor unit, warning lamp, wiring harness and spiral cable.

The vehicle (except Crew Cab model) is equipped with a passenger air bag deactivation switch. Because no rear seat exists where a rear-facing child restraint can be placed, the switch is designed to turn off the passenger air bag so that a rear-facing child restraint can be used in the front passenger seat. The switch is located in the center of the instrument panel, near the ashtray. When the switch is turned to the ON position, the passenger air bag is enabled and could inflate in a frontal collision. When the switch is turned to the OFF position, the passenger air bag is disabled and will not inflate in a frontal collision. A passenger air bag OFF indicator on the instrument panel lights up when the passenger air bag is switched OFF. The driver air bag always remains enabled and is not affected by the passenger air bag deactivation switch. Information necessary to service the system safely is included in the AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEMS article .

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1. Do not operate the engine for an extended period of time without proper exhaust ventilation. Keep the work area well ventilated and free of any inflammable materials. Special care should be taken when handling any inflammable or poisonous materials, such as gasoline, refrigerant gas, etc. When working in a pit or other enclosed area, be sure to properly ventilate the area before working with hazardous materials. Do not smoke while working on the vehicle.
2. Before jacking up the vehicle, apply wheel chocks or other tire blocks to the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving. After jacking up the vehicle, support the vehicle weight with safety stands at the points designated for proper lifting before working on the vehicle. These operations should be done on a level surface.
3. When removing a heavy component such as the engine or transaxle/transmission, be careful not to lose your balance and drop it. Also, do not allow it to strike adjacent parts, especially the brake tubes and master cylinder.
4. Before starting repairs which do not require battery power: Turn off ignition switch. Disconnect the negative battery terminal.
5. To prevent serious burns: Avoid contact with hot metal parts. Do not remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot.
6. Before servicing the vehicle: Protect fenders, upholstery and carpeting with appropriate covers. Take caution that keys, buckles or buttons do not scratch paint.
7. Clean all disassembled parts in the designated liquid or solvent prior to inspection or assembly.
8. Replace oil seals, gaskets, packings, O-rings, locking washers, cotter pins, self-locking nuts, etc. with new ones.
9. Replace inner and outer races of tapered roller bearings and needle bearings as a set.
10. Arrange the disassembled parts in accordance with their assembled locations and sequence.
11. Do not touch the terminals of electrical components which use microcomputers (such as ECMs). Static electricity may damage internal electronic components.
12. After disconnecting vacuum or air hoses, attach a tag to indicate the proper connection.
13. Use only the fluids and lubricants specified.
14. Use approved bonding agents, sealants or their equivalents when required.
15. Use tools and recommended special tools where specified for safe and efficient service repairs.
16. When repairing fuel, oil, water, vacuum or exhaust systems, check all affected lines for leaks.
17. Dispose of drained oil or the solvent used for cleaning parts in an appropriate manner.
18. Do not attempt to top off the fuel tank after the fuel pump nozzle shuts off automatically. Continued refueling may cause fuel overflow resulting in fuel spray and possibly a fire.

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1. Before connecting or disconnecting any harness connector for the multiport fuel injection system or ECM: Turn ignition switch to OFF position. Disconnect negative battery terminal. Otherwise, there may be damage to ECM.
2. Before disconnecting pressurized fuel line from fuel pump to injectors, be sure to release fuel pressure.
3. Be careful not to jar components such as ECM and mass air flow sensor.

PRECAUTIONS FOR THREE WAY CATALYST

If a large amount of unburned fuel flows into the catalyst, the catalyst temperature will be excessively high. To prevent this, follow the instructions below

1. Use unleaded gasoline only. Leaded gasoline will seriously damage the three way catalyst.
2. When checking for ignition spark or measuring engine compression, make tests quickly and only when necessary.
3. Do not run engine when the fuel tank level is low, otherwise the engine may misfire causing damage to the catalyst.

Do not place the vehicle on flammable material. Keep flammable material off the exhaust pipe and the three way catalyst.

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1. To prevent damage to rubber hose, do not pry off rubber hose with tapered tool or screwdriver.
2. To reinstall the rubber hose securely, make sure of hose insertion length and clamp orientation. (If tube is equipped with hose stopper, insert rubber hose into tube until it butts up against hose stopper.)

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1. If old rubber hose is re-used, install hose clamp in its original position (at the indentation where the old clamp was). If there is a trace of tube bulging left on the old rubber hose, align rubber hose at that position.
2. Discard old clamps; replace with new ones.
3. After installing leaf spring clamps, apply force to them in the direction of the arrow, tightening rubber hose equally all around.

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PRECAUTIONS FOR ENGINE OILS

Prolonged and repeated contact with used engine oil may cause skin cancer. Try to avoid direct skin contact with used oil. If skin contact is made, wash thoroughly with soap or hand cleaner as soon as possible.

Health Protection Precautions

1. Avoid prolonged and repeated contact with oils, particularly used engine oils.
2. Wear protective clothing, including impervious gloves where practicable.
3. Do not put oily rags in pockets.
4. Avoid contaminating clothes, particularly underpants, with oil.
5. Heavily soiled clothing and oil-impregnated footwear should not be worn. Overalls must be cleaned regularly.
6. First Aid treatment should be obtained immediately for open cuts and wounds.
7. Use barrier creams, applying them before each work period, to help the removal of oil from the skin.
8. Wash with soap and water to ensure all oil is removed (skin cleansers and nail brushes will help). Preparations containing lanolin replace the natural skin oils which have been removed.
9. Do not use gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, gas oil, thinners or solvents for cleaning skin.
10. If skin disorders develop, obtain medical advice without delay.
11. Where practicable, degrease components prior to handling.
12. Where there is a risk of eye contact, eye protection should be worn, for example, chemical goggles or face shields, in addition, an eye wash facility should be provided.

Environmental Protection Precautions

Dispose of used oil and used oil filters through authorized waste disposal contractors to licensed waste disposal sites, or to the waste oil reclamation trade. If in doubt, contact the local authority for advice on disposal facilities.

It is illegal to pour used oil onto the ground, down sewers or drains, or into water courses.

The regulations concerning pollution vary between regions.

KA24DE and VG33E Engines

Use unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of at least 87 AKI (Anti-Knock Index) number (research octane number 91) for the KA24DE and VG33E engines.

VG33ER Engines

Use unleaded premium gasoline with an octane rating of at least 91 AKI (Anti-Knock Index) number (research octane number 96) for the VG33ER engine.

If premium gasoline is not available, unleaded regular gasoline with an octane rating of 87 AKI number (research octane number 91) may be temporarily used, but only under the following precautions

1. Have the fuel tank filled only partially with unleaded regular gasoline, and fill up with unleaded premium gasoline as soon as possible.
2. Avoid full throttle driving and abrupt acceleration.

PRECAUTIONS FOR AIR CONDITIONING

Use an approved refrigerant recovery unit any time the air conditioning system must be discharged. Refer to "HFC-134a (R-134a) SERVICE PROCEDURE " for specific instructions.

CONNECTOR SYMBOLS

Most of connector symbols in Circuit Diagrams are shown from the terminal side.

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1. Connector symbols shown from the terminal side are enclosed by a single line and followed by the direction mark.
2. Connector symbols shown from the harness side are enclosed by a double line and followed by the direction mark.
3. Certain systems and components, especially related to OBD, may use a new style slide-locking type harness connector. For description and how to disconnect, refer to "DESCRIPTION ".
4. Male and female terminals Connector guides for male terminals are shown in black and female terminals in white in Circuit Diagrams.

SWITCH POSITIONS

Switches are shown in Circuit Diagrams as if the vehicle is in the "normal" condition.

A vehicle is in the "normal" condition when

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1. Ignition switch is OFF.
2. Doors, hood and trunk lid/back door are closed.
3. Pedals are not depressed.
4. Parking brake is released.

DETECTABLE LINES AND NON-DETECTABLE LINES

In some Circuit Diagrams, two kinds of lines, representing wires, with different weight are used.

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1. A line with regular weight (wider line) represents a "detectable line for DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code)". A "detectable line for DTC" is a circuit in which ECM can detect its malfunctions with the on board diagnostic system.
2. A line with less weight (thinner line) represents a "non-detectable line for DTC". A "non-detectable line for DTC" is a circuit in which ECM cannot detect its malfunctions with the on board diagnostic system.

MULTIPLE SWITCH

The continuity of multiple switch is described in two ways as shown below.

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1. The switch chart is used in schematic diagrams.
2. The switch diagram is used in Circuit Diagrams.

REFERENCE AREA

The Reference Area of the wiring diagram contains references to additional electrical reference pages. Refer to SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS . If connector numbers and titles are shown in the Reference Area of the wiring diagram, these connectors symbols are not shown in the Connector Area.

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Super Multiple Junction (SMJ)

In a wiring diagram, the SMJ connectors include a letter of the alphabet in the terminal number. SMJ connector numbers are shown in the Reference Area of the wiring diagram. SMJ terminal arrangement can be found on the electrical reference pages. For terminal arrangement of these connectors, refer to the SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS .

Fuse block-Junction Box (J/B)

Fuse block-Junction Box (J/B) connector number is shown in the Reference Area of the wiring diagram. For connector terminal and fuse arrangement, refer to the SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS .

Fuse and fusible link box

For fuse arrangement in the fuse and fusible link box, refer to the SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS .

Electrical units

Electrical unit connector symbols are shown in the Connector Area of the wiring diagram. However, when there is not enough space to show the connector terminal arrangement in the Connector Area of the wiring diagram, the electrical unit connector number is shown in the Reference Area of the wiring diagram. For electrical unit connector terminal arrangement, refer to the SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS . Most of the electrical unit connectors on this page are shown from the harness side forth connector.

Joint Connector

Joint Connector symbols are shown in the connector area of the wiring diagram. For connector internal wiring layout and joint connector terminal arrangement, refer to the SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS .

Connector and Terminal Pin Kit

Use the connector and terminal pin kit listed below when replacing connectors or terminals.

The connector and terminal pin kit contains some of the most commonly used NISSAN connectors and terminals.

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How to Probe Connectors

Connector damage and an intermittent connection can result from improperly probing of the connector during circuit checks. The probe of a digital multimeter (DMM) may not correctly fit the connector cavity. To correctly probe the connector, follow the procedures below using a "T" pin. For the best contact grasp the "T" pin using an alligator clip.

Male Terminal

Carefully probe the contact surface of each terminal using a "T "pin.

Do not bend terminal

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How to Check Enlarged Contact Spring of Terminal

An enlarged contact spring of a terminal may create intermittent signals in the circuit.

If the intermittent open circuit occurs, follow the procedure below to inspect for open wires and enlarged contact spring of female terminal.

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1. Assemble a male terminal and approx. 10 cm (3.9 in) of wire. Use a male terminal which matches the female terminal.
2. Disconnect the suspected faulty connector and hold it terminal side up.
3. While holding the wire of the male terminal, try to insert the male terminal into the female terminal. Do not force the male terminal into the female terminal with your hands.
4. While moving the connector, check whether the male terminal can be easily inserted or not.

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1. If the male terminal can be easily inserted into the female terminal, replace the female terminal.

Hint

Connectors can be exposed to moisture. It is possible to get a thin film of corrosion on the connector terminals. A visual inspection may not reveal this without disconnecting the connector. If the problem occurs intermittently, perhaps the problem is caused by corrosion. It is a good idea to disconnect, inspect and clean the terminals on related connectors in the system.

Sensors and Relays

Gently apply a slight vibration to sensors and relays in the system you are inspecting.

This test may indicate a loose or poorly mounted sensor or relay.

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Engine Compartment

There are several reasons a vehicle or engine vibration could cause an electrical complaint. Some of the things to check for are

1. Connectors not fully seated.
2. Wiring harness not long enough and is being stressed due to engine vibrations or rocking.
3. Wires laying across brackets or moving components.
4. Loose, dirty or corroded ground wires.
5. Wires routed too close to hot components.

To inspect components under the hood, start by verifying the integrity of ground connections. Refer to "GROUND INSPECTION " . First check that the system is properly grounded. Then check for loose connection by gently shaking the wiring or components as previously explained. Using the Circuit Diagrams inspect the wiring for continuity.

Behind The Instrument Panel

An improperly routed or improperly clamped harness can become pinched during accessory installation. Vehicle vibration can aggravate a harness which is routed along a bracket or near a screw.

Under Seating Areas

An unclamped or loose harness can cause wiring to be pinched by seat components (such as slide guides) during vehicle vibration. If the wiring runs under seating areas, inspect wire routing for possible damage or pinching.

HEAT SENSITIVE

The owner's problem may occur during hot weather or after car has sat for a short time. In such cases you will want to check for a heat sensitive condition.

To determine if an electrical component is heat sensitive, heat the component with a heat gun or equivalent.

Do not heat components above 60°C (140°F). If incident occurs while heating the unit, either replace or properly insulate the component.

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FREEZING

The customer may indicate the incident goes away after the car warms up (wintertime). The cause could be related to water freezing somewhere in the wiring/electrical system.

There are two methods to check for this. The first is to arrange for the owner to leave the car overnight. Make sure it will get cold enough to demonstrate the complaint. Leave the car parked outside overnight. In the morning, do a quick and thorough diagnosis of those electrical components which could be affected.

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The second method is to put the suspect component into a freezer long enough for any water to freeze. Reinstall the part into the car and check for the reoccurrence of the incident. If it occurs, repair or replace the component.

WATER INTRUSION

The incident may occur only during high humidity or in rainy/snowy weather. In such cases the incident could be caused by water intrusion on an electrical part. This can be simulated by soaking the car or running it through a car wash.

Do not spray water directly on any electrical components.

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ELECTRICAL LOAD

The incident may be electrical load sensitive. Perform diagnosis with all accessories (including A/C, rear window defogger, radio, fog lamps) turned on.

COLD OR HOT START UP

On some occasions an electrical incident may occur only when the car is started cold. Or it may occur when the car is restarted hot shortly after being turned off. In these cases you may have to keep the car overnight to make a proper diagnosis.

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Continuity Check Method

The continuity check is used to find an open in the circuit. The Digital Multimeter (DMM) set on the resistance function will indicate an open circuit as over limit (no beep tone or no ohms symbol). Make sure to always start with the DMM at the highest resistance level.

To help in understanding the diagnosis of open circuits please refer to the schematic above.

1. Disconnect the battery negative cable.
2. Start at one end of the circuit and work your way to the other end. (At the fuse block in this example)
3. Connect one probe of the DMM to the fuse block terminal on the load side.
4. Connect the other probe to the fuse block (power) side of SW1. Little or no resistance will indicate that portion of the circuit has good continuity. If there were an open in the circuit, the DMM would indicate an over limit or infinite resistance condition. (point A)
5. Connect the probes between SW1 and the relay. Little or no resistance will indicate that portion of the circuit has good continuity. If there were an open in the circuit, the DMM would indicate an over limit or infinite resistance condition. (point B)
6. Connect the probes between the relay and the solenoid. Little or no resistance will indicate that portion of the circuit has good continuity. If there were an open in the circuit, the DMM would indicate an over limit or infinite resistance condition. (point C)

Any circuit can be diagnosed using the approach in the above example.

Voltage Check Method

To help in understanding the diagnosis of open circuits please refer to the previous schematic.

In any powered circuit, an open can be found by methodically checking the system for the presence of voltage. This is done by switching the DMM to the voltage function.

1. Connect one probe of the DMM to a known good ground.
2. Begin probing at one end of the circuit and work your way to the other end.
3. With SW1 open, probe at SW1 to check for voltage. Voltage: open is further down the circuit than SW1. No voltage: open is between fuse block and SW1 (point A).
4. Close SW1 and probe at relay. Voltage: open is further down the circuit than the relay. No voltage: open is between SW1 and relay (point B).
5. Close the relay and probe at the solenoid. Voltage: open is further down the circuit than the solenoid. No voltage: open is between relay and solenoid (point C).

Any powered circuit can be diagnosed using the approach in the above example.

Resistance Check Method

1. Disconnect the battery negative cable and remove the blown fuse.
2. Disconnect all loads (SW1 open, relay disconnected and solenoid disconnected) powered through the fuse.
3. Connect one probe of the ohmmeter to the load side of the fuse terminal. Connect the other probe to a known good ground.
4. With SW1 open, check for continuity. Continuity: short is between fuse terminal and SW1 (point A). No continuity: short is further down the circuit than SW1.
5. Close SW1 and disconnect the relay. Put probes at the load side of fuse terminal and a known good ground. Then, check for continuity. Continuity: short is between SW1 and the relay (point B). No continuity: short is further down the circuit than the relay.
6. Close SW1 and jump the relay contacts with jumper wire. Put probes at the load side of fuse terminal and a known good ground. Then, check for continuity. Continuity: short is between relay and solenoid (point C). No continuity: check solenoid, retrace steps.

1. Remove the blown fuse and disconnect all loads (i.e. SW1 open, relay disconnected and solenoid disconnected) powered through the fuse.
2. Turn the ignition key to the ON or START position. Verify battery voltage at the battery + side of the fuse terminal (one lead on the battery + terminal side of the fuse block and one lead on a known good ground).
3. With SW1 open and the DMM leads across both fuse terminals, check for voltage. Voltage: short is between fuse block and SW1 (point A). No voltage: short is further down the circuit than SW1.
4. With SW1 closed, relay and solenoid disconnected and the DMM leads across both fuse terminals, check for voltage. Voltage: short is between SW1 and the relay (point B). No voltage: short is further down the circuit than the relay.
5. With SW1 closed, relay contacts jumped with fused jumper wire check for voltage. Voltage: short is down the circuit of the relay or between the relay and the disconnected solenoid (point C). No voltage: retrace steps and check power to fuse block.

VOLTAGE DROP TESTS

Voltage drop tests are often used to find components or circuits which have excessive resistance. A voltage drop in a circuit is caused by a resistance when the circuit is in operation .

Check the wire in the illustration. When measuring resistance with ohmmeter, contact by a single strand of wire will give reading of 0 ohms. This would indicate a good circuit. When the circuit operates, this single strand of wire is not able to carry the current. The single strand will have a high resistance to the current. This will be picked up as a slight voltage drop.

Unwanted resistance can be caused by many situations as follows

1. Undersized wiring (single strand example)
2. Corrosion on switch contacts
3. Loose wire connections or splices.

If repairs are needed always use wire that is of the same or larger gauge.

Measuring Voltage Drop - Accumulated Method

1. Connect the voltmeter across the connector or part of the circuit you want to check. The positive lead of the voltmeter should be closer to power and the negative lead closer to ground.
2. Operate the circuit.
3. The voltmeter will indicate how many volts are being used to "push" current through that part of the circuit.

Note in the illustration that there is an excessive 4.1 volt drop between the battery and the bulb.

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Measuring Voltage Drop - Step by Step

The step by step method is most useful for isolating excessive drops in low voltage systems (such as those in "Computer Controlled Systems").

Circuits in the "Computer Controlled System" operate on very low amperage.

The (Computer Controlled) system operations can be adversely affected by any variation in resistance in the system. Such resistance variation may be caused by poor connection, improper installation, improper wire gauge or corrosion.

The step by step voltage drop test can identify a component or wire with too much resistance.

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Checking Equipment

When ordering the below equipment, contact your NISSAN distributor.

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Loading Procedure

Note. The CONSULT-II must be used in conjunction with a program card. CONSULT-II does not require loading (Initialization) procedure. Be sure the CONSULT-II is turned off before installing or removing a program card.

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LIFTING POINTS AND TOW TRUCK TOWING

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Garage Jack and Safety Stand

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2-pole Lift

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2-WHEEL DRIVE MODELS

NISSAN does not recommend towing automatic transmission equipped vehicles with the drive wheels on the ground.

Observe the following restricted towing speeds and distances.

1. Speed: Below 95 km/h (60 MPH)
2. Distance: Less than 800 km (500 miles)

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4-WHEEL DRIVE MODELS

NISSAN does not recommend towing automatic transmission equipped vehicles with the drive wheels on the ground.

Observe the following restricted towing speeds and distances.

1. Speed: Below 95 km/h (60 MPH)
2. Distance: Less than 800 km (500 miles)

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TOWING POINT

Never tow the vehicle using only the towing points. To avoid damaging the vehicle body, use proper towing equipment when towing.

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VEHICLE RECOVERY (FREEING A STUCK VEHICLE)

1. Tow chains or cables must be attached only to the main structural members of the vehicle.
2. Pulling devices should be routed so they do not touch any part of the suspension, steering, brake or cooling systems
3. Always pull the cable straight out from the front or rear of the vehicle. Never pull the vehicle at a sideways angle.
4. Pulling devices such as ropes or canvas straps are not recommended for use for vehicle towing or recovery.

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1. Special parts are excluded.
2. This standard is applicable to bolts having the following marks embossed on the bolt head.

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RECOMMENDED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS AND SEALANTS

Refer to the following chart for help in selecting the appropriate chemical product or sealant.

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SAE J1930 Terminology List

All emission related terms used in this publication in accordance with SAE J1930 are listed. Accordingly, new terms, new acronyms/abbreviations and old terms are listed in the following chart.

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