GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Displacement | 2.3L |
| No. of cylinders | 4 |
| Bore/stroke | 87.5/94.0 |
| Firing order | 1-3-4-2 |
| Oil pressure (hot @ 2,000 RPM) | 29-39 psi 200-268 kPa |
| Compression ratio | 9.7:1 |
| Engine weight (without accessory drive components and flexplate or flywheel) | 115.8 kg (255.3 lb) |
| Engine and transaxle assembly weight (without accessory drive components) | 203.8 kg (449.3 lb) |
| Cylinder Block | |
| Cylinder bore diameter | 87.5-87.53 mm (3.444-3.446 in) |
| Cylinder bore maximum out-of-round | 0.008 mm (0.0003 in) |
| Main bearing bore diameter | 57.018-57.040 mm (2.244-2.245 in) |
| Head gasket surface flatness | 0.1 mm/general 0.05 mm/200 x 200 (0.004 in/general) (0.0019 in/7.87 x 7.87) |
| Piston | |
| Diameter (1) | 87.465-87.475 mm (3.443-3.444 in) |
| Diameter (2) | 87.4725-87.4875 mm (3.4438-3.4439 in) |
| Diameter (3) | 87.485-87.495 mm (3.4442-3.4447 in) |
| Piston-to-bore clearance | 0.025-0.045 mm (0.0009-0.0017 in) |
| Ring groove width - top | 1.203-1.205 mm (0.0473-0.0474 in) |
| Ring groove width - 2nd | 1.202-1.204 mm (0.0473-0.0474 in) |
| Ring groove width - oil | 2.501-2.503 mm (0.0984-0.0985 in) |
| Piston skirt coating thickness | 0.008-0.016 mm (0.0003-0.0006 in) |
| Piston Pin | |
| Diameter | 20.995-21.0 mm (0.8265-0.8267 in) |
| Length | 59.6-60.4 mm (2.346-2.377 in) |
| Piston-to-pin clearance | 0.008-0.016 mm (0.0003-0.0006 in) |
| Pin-to-rod clearance | Press fit |
| Cylinder Head | |
| Valve lift @ zero lash (exhaust) | 7.7 mm (0.30 in) |
| Valve lift @ zero lash (intake) | 8.8 mm (0.35 in) |
| Valve guide diameter | 5.509-5.539 mm (0.216-0.218 in) |
| Valve seat width - intake/exhaust | 0.99-1.84 mm (0.038-0.072 in) |
| Valve seat angle | 45 degrees |
| Valve seat runout | 0.075 mm (0.0029 in) |
| Valve lash adjuster bore diameter | 31.00-31.03 mm (1.220-1.221 in) |
| Cam bore diameter | 25.015-25.040 mm (0.984-0.985 in) |
| Valve | |
| Valve head diameter - intake | 34.85-35.15 mm (1.372-1.383 in) |
| Valve head diameter - exhaust | 29.85-30.15 mm (1.175-1.187 in) |
| Valve stem diameter - intake | 5.470-5.485 mm (0.2153-0.2159 in) |
| Valve stem diameter - exhaust | 5.465-5.480 mm (0.2151-0.2157 in) |
| Valve stem-to-guide clearance - intake | 0.0027 mm (0.00010 in) |
| Valve stem-to-guide clearance - exhaust | 0.0029 mm (0.00011 in) |
| Valve face runout | 0.05 mm (0.0019 in) |
| Valve face angle | 45 degrees |
| Valve Spring - Compression Pressure | |
| Intake and exhaust (installed) | 38.667 lb |
| Intake (valve open) 8.9 mm (0.35 in) of lift | 97.032 lb |
| Exhaust (valve open) 7.4 mm of lift | 93.338 lb |
| Free length | 44.92 mm (1.768 in) |
| Assembled height | 37.9 mm (1.492 in) |
| Crankshaft | |
| Main bearing journal diameter | 51.978-52.002 mm (2.046-2.047 in) |
| Production repair | 51.730-51.750 mm (2.036-2.037 in) |
| Main bearing clearance | 0.016-0.047 mm (0.0006-0.0015 in) |
| Connecting rod journal diameter | 46.978-47.002 mm (1.849-1.850 in) |
| Production repair | 49.730-49.750 mm (1.957-1.958 in) |
| End play | 0.220-0.450 mm (0.007-0.018 in) |
| Rings | |
| Width - top | 1.17-1.185 mm (0.0460-0.0466 in) |
| Width - 2nd | 1.197-1.199 mm (0.0471-0.0472 in) |
| Width - oil | 2.38-2.45 mm (0.093-0.096 in) |
| Ring gap (in bore) - top | 0.16-0.31 mm (0.006-0.012 in) |
| Ring gap (in bore) - 2nd | 0.33-0.48 mm (0.012-0.018 in) |
| Ring gap (in bore) - oil | 0.2-0.7 mm (0.007-0.027 in) |
| Valve Tappet | |
| Diameter | 30.97-30.98 mm (1.2192-1.2196 in) |
| Tappet-to-valve clearance - intake | 0.22- 0.28 mm (0.008-0.011 in) |
| Tappet-to-valve clearance - exhaust | 0.27-0.33 mm (0.010-0.013 in) |
| Tappet-to-bore clearance | 0.02-0.06 mm (0.0007-0.0023 in) |
| Camshaft | |
| Lobe lift - intake | 8.24999 mm (0.324 in) |
| Lobe lift - exhaust | 7.80007 mm (0.307 in) |
| Runout (1) a | 0.03 mm (0.001 in) |
| Thrust clearance | 0.09-0.24 mm (0.003-0.009 in) |
| Journal diameter | 24.96-24.98 mm (0.982-0.983 in) |
| Journal-to-bore clearance | 0.035-0.080 mm (0.001-0.003 in) |
| Connecting Rod | |
| Bearing clearance | 0.027-0.052 mm (0.001-0.002 in) |
| Bearing thickness | 1.496-1.520 mm (0.058-0.059 in) |
| Crank bore diameter | 53.023-53.047 mm (2.087-2.088 in) |
| Pin bore diameter | 20.965-20.985 mm (0.825-0.826 in) |
| Length (center-to-center) | 154.8 mm (6.094 in) |
| Side clearance | 1.95-3.05 mm (0.076-0.120 in) |
| Axial clearance | 0.14-0.36 mm (0.005-0.014 in) |
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
a No. 3 Journal - Supported by No. 1 and No. 5 journals.
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
| Description | Nm |
|---|---|
| A/C compressor mounting bolts | 25 |
| Accelerator cable bracket bolts | 10 |
| Accelerator cable bracket nuts | 6 |
| Accelerator cable snow shield retainer | 4 |
| Accessory drive belt idler pulley and bracket assembly bolts a | |
| Accessory drive belt idler pulley bolt | 25 |
| Automatic transaxle wiring harness bracket nut | 10 |
| Bellhousing-to-engine bolts | 48 |
| Blocker heater | 21 |
| Brake hose retainer and anti-lock brake system (ABS) sensor bolt | 15 |
| Camshaft bearing cap bolts a | |
| Camshaft sprocket bolts | 72 |
| Catalytic converter bracket bolts | 25 |
| Catalytic converter-to-cylinder head nuts | 47 |
| Clutch hydraulic line | 25 |
| Coil-on-plug retaining stud bolts | 8 |
| Coolant outlet bolts | 10 |
| Coolant pump bolts | 10 |
| Coolant pump pulley bolts | 20 |
| Crankshaft position (CKP) sensor bolts | 7 |
| Crankshaft pulley bolt a | |
| Crankshaft rear oil seal retainer bolts a | |
| Cylinder head bolts a | |
| Cylinder head temperature (CHT) sensor | 12 |
| Damper bolts | 40 |
| Driveshaft bolts | 37 |
| Engine front cover bolts a | |
| Engine front cover-to-oil pan bolts a | |
| Engine mount bolts | 55 |
| Engine mount bracket bolt | 115 |
| Engine mount bracket nuts | 115 |
| Engine oil pressure (EOP) switch | 15 |
| Engine roll-restrictor bolts | 115 |
| Engine support crossmember bolts | 90 |
| Engine support crossmember nut | 175 |
| Engine timing plug bolt | 20 |
| Engine-to-bellhousing bolts | 48 |
| Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) tube | 55 |
| EGR valve assembly bolts | 20 |
| Exhaust manifold nut a | |
| Exhaust manifold stud bolts | 17 |
| Flexplate bolts a | |
| Flywheel bolts a | |
| Fuel rail bolts | 23 |
| Generator electrical connection nut | 6 |
| Generator mounting bolts and nut | 47 |
| Generator shield nut | 20 |
| Ground eyelet bolt | 10 |
| Ground wire bolt | 10 |
| Halfshaft support bracket bolts | 40 |
| Heat shield bolts | 10 |
| Hydraulic line bracket bolt | 3 |
| Intake manifold bolts | 18 |
| Intermediate shaft nuts | 27 |
| Knock sensor (KS) bolt | 20 |
| Lateral support crossmember bolts | 115 |
| LH splash shield bolts | 9 |
| LH transaxle mount bolt | 103 |
| Lower ball joint-to-knuckle bolt | 63 |
| Lower front cover timing hole plug | 12 |
| Manual transaxle wiring harness bracket nut | 12 |
| Oil filter adapter bolts | 25 |
| Oil level indicator tube bolt | 10 |
| Oil pan-to-bellhousing bolts a | |
| Oil pan bolts a | |
| Oil pan drain plug | 28 |
| Oil pump drive chain tensioner shoulder bolts | 10 |
| Oil pump-to-engine block bolts a | |
| Oil pump screen and pickup tube bolts | 10 |
| Oil pump sprocket bolt | 25 |
| Oil separator bolts | 10 |
| Output shaft speed (OSS) sensor bolt | 13 |
| Power distribution box (PDB) cable nuts | 12 |
| Powertrain control module (PCM) wiring harness nut | 6 |
| Power transfer unit (PTU) bolts | 70 |
| PTU bracket bolts | 45 |
| PTU-to-engine bolts | 40 |
| Pressure plate bolts | 29 |
| Radio capacitor bolt | 20 |
| Radio capacitor nut | 10 |
| Rear transaxle mount bolt | 115 |
| RH splash shield bolts | 9 |
| Shift cable bracket bolts | 22 |
| Spark plug | 12 |
| Stabilizer bar link nut | 63 |
| Starter motor bolts | 35 |
| Starter motor solenoid battery nut | 12 |
| Starter motor solenoid nut | 5 |
| Starter motor ground wire nut | 25 |
| Thermostat housing bolts | 10 |
| Timing chain guide bolts | 10 |
| Timing chain tensioner bolts | 10 |
| Tie-rod end nut | 55 |
| Torque converter nuts | 35 |
| Transaxle control cable bracket bolt | 19 |
| Transaxle fluid cooler tube | 23 |
| Transaxle-to-engine bolts | 48 |
| Transaxle-to-PTU bolt | 48 |
| Transmission cooler tube bracket bolt | 13 |
| Transmission fluid cooler tube | 23 |
| Upper engine bracket-to-power transfer unit (PTU) bolts | 45 |
| Upper front cover timing hole plug | 10 |
| Valve cover bolts a |
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
a Refer to procedure for specification.
The 2.3L (140 CID) 4-cylinder engine has the following features
- Dual overhead camshaft
- Four valves per cylinder
- Sequential multiport fuel injection (SFI)
- Aluminum cylinder head
- Aluminum cylinder block
- Electronic ignition system with coil-on-plug 4 ignition coils
The 2.3L engine is a 4 valve-per-cylinder, dual overhead camshaft engine. The engine uses a coil-on-plug ignition system. The cylinder block is made of aluminum and the bearing caps are integrated into the ladder assembly. An aluminum oil pan bolts to the bottom of the lower cylinder block and to the transmission to provide greater strength. The camshafts are mounted in the cylinder heads and act against valve tappets to open and close the valves. The camshafts are driven off the front of the cylinder head by one timing chain. The chain is driven by a sprocket that is located on the crankshaft. The piston assembly is an aluminum piston with a cast iron connecting rod. The oil pump is driven by the crankshaft via a dedicated chain that is driven by the same sprocket that drives the timing chain.
Identification - Always refer to these labels when installation of new parts is necessary, or when checking engine calibrations. The engine parts often differ within a CID family. Verification of the identification codes will make sure that the correct parts are obtained. These codes contain all the pertinent information relating to the dates, optional equipment and revisions. The Ford Master Parts Catalog contains a complete listing of the codes and their application.
Code Information - The engine code information label, located on the side of the valve cover and the front side of the valve cover, contains the following
- Engine build date
- Engine plant code
- Engine code
Exhaust Emission Control System - Operation and necessary maintenance of the exhaust emission control devices used on this engine are covered in the Introduction - Gasoline Engines article.
Induction System - The sequential multiport fuel injection (SFI) provides the fuel/air mixture needed for combustion in the cylinders. The 4 solenoid-operated fuel injectors
- are mounted in the intake manifold.
- meter fuel into the air intake stream in accordance with engine demand.
- are positioned so that their tips direct fuel just ahead of the engine intake valves.
- are connected in series with the fuel pressure sensor.
- supply fuel from the fuel tank with a fuel pump mounted in the fuel tank.
A constant fuel pressure is maintained across the fuel injectors by the fuel pressure sensor. The fuel pressure sensor is positioned upstream from the fuel injectors on the fuel injection supply manifold.
Positive Crankcase Ventilation System - All engines are equipped with a closed-type positive crankcase ventilation system recycling the crankcase vapors to the intake manifold.
Lubrication System - The engine lubrication system operates as follows
- Oil is drawn into the oil pump through the oil pump screen cover and tube in the sump of the oil pan.
- Oil is pumped through the oil filter on the left front side of the cylinder block.
- Oil enters the main gallery where it is distributed to the crankshaft main journals and to the cylinder head.
- From the main journals, the oil is routed through cross-drilled passages in the crankshaft to lubricate the connecting rod bearings. Controlled leakage through the crankshaft main bearings and connecting rod bearings is slung radially outward to cool and lubricate the cylinder walls as well as the entire connecting rod, piston and piston ring assembly.
Scheme 8
Refer to ENGINE SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION article for basic mechanical concerns or refer to the Introduction - Gasoline Engines article for driveability concerns.