MAP - Brake Systems Land Rover Range Rover L322

These materials are confidential and are not to be disclosed to, or utilized by, any individual or entity other than participants of the Motorist Assurance Program (MAP).

The Automotive Maintenance and Repair Association (AMRA) and MAP do not warrant these materials or guarantee their accuracy, and AMRA and MAP assume no liability for errors.

MAP STANDARDS OF SERVICE

MAP developed standards of service for shops to follow in working with customers. Written from the point of view of customers, and for the use of maintenance and repair shops, the standards expand on the ideas and promises established in MAP's Pledge to Customer

I. Our recommendations are based upon the following definitions.

System Failure - Parts/system indicated are out of manufacturers' specifications, have failed or are unable to perform their normal function as intended or designed by the manufacturers. Service/replacement is required.

Preventive/Scheduled Maintenance - Parts/system are scheduled for service/ replacement per industry standards or are near the end of their useful life and repair/ replacement is recommended in advance of parts/system failure. Service/replacement is suggested.

Improved System Performance - Parts/ system indicated are recommended for repair/ replacement to enhance/improve the vehicle's ability to perform as intended or designed by the manufacturer, or as requested by the customer. Service/replacement is suggested.

II. Training/Criteria Our personnel have acquired auto repair expertise through formal education or work experience. Where appropriate, personnel are moving toward certification (e.g. vehicle manufacturer, ASE, etc.) for the services performed. Continuing education will be supported by all MAP participants.

III. Appropriate Company Approved Inspection

We will perform an appropriate inspection based on MAP Uniform Inspection & Communication Standards.

IV. Written Estimates

Written estimates based on our inspection, in compliance with state and local regulations, will include parts (dollar amount), labor (dollar amount), and the total estimate.

V. Work Authorization

No work will be performed without the customer's prior approval.

VI. Limited Warranty

A minimum limited warranty will be offered of 90 days or 4,000 miles, whichever comes first, covering parts and labor.

VII. Returned Parts

All customers will be entitled to the return of old parts, or if they choose, they may examine the parts prior to leaving the store. Where failed parts are required to be returned to the manufacturer in order to honor the warranty, the customer will be allowed to examine the parts.

VIII. Classification of Parts

Replaced parts will be identified as new, remanufactured, rebuilt or used. MAP participants will inform the customer and indicate on the estimate and invoice whether a part is new, remanufactured, rebuilt or used.

THE MAP PROCESS - OVERVIEW

Repair Association, Inc. (AMRA). Participation in the Motorist Assurance Program comes from retailers, suppliers, independent repair facilities, vehicle manufacturers and industry associations.

Our organization's mission is to strengthen the relationship between the consumer and the auto repair industry. We produce materials that give motorists the information and encouragement to take greater responsibility for their vehicles-through proper, manufacturer / recommended maintenance. We encourage participating service and repair shops (including franchisees and dealers) to adopt (1) a Pledge of Assurance to their Customers and (2) the Motorist Assurance Program Standards of Service. All participating service providers have agreed to subscribe to this Pledge and to adhere to the promulgated Standards of Service demonstrating to their customers that they are serious about customer satisfaction.

These Standards of Service require that an inspection of the vehicle's (problem) system be made and the results communicated to the customer according to industry standards. Given that the industry did not have such standards, the Motorist Assurance Program successfully promulgated industry inspection communication standards in 1994-95 for the following systems: Exhaust, Brakes, ABS, Steering and Suspension, Engine Maintenance and Performance, HVAC, Electrical Systems, and Drive Train and Transmissions. Further, revisions to all of these inspection communication standards are continually re-published. Participating shops utilize these Uniform Inspection & Communication Standards as part of the inspection process and for communicating their findings to their customers.

The Motorist Assurance Program continues to work cooperatively and proactively with government agencies and consumer groups toward solutions that both benefit the customer and are mutually acceptable to both regulators and industry. We maintain the belief that industry must retain control over how we conduct our business, and we must be viewed as part of the solution and not part of the problem. Meetings with state and other government officials (and their representatives), concerned with auto repair and/or consumer protection, are conducted. Feedback from these sessions is brought back to the association, and the program adjusted as needed.

We welcome you to join us as we continue our outreach... with your support, both the automotive repair industry and your customers will reap the benefits. Please visit MAP at our Internet site www.motorist.org or contact us at

201 Park Washington Court

Falls Church, Virginia 22046

Tel: (703) 532-2027 * Fax: (202) 318-0378

THE MAP PROCESS - OVERVIEW OF SERVICE REQUIREMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

It is MAP policy that all exhaust, brake, steering, suspension, wheel alignment, drive-train, engine performance and maintenance, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and electrical services be offered and performed under the standards and procedures specified in these sections.

Before any service is performed on a vehicle, an inspection of the appropriate system must be performed. The results of this inspection must be explained to the customer and documented on an inspection form. The condition of the vehicle and its components will indicate what services/part replacements may be "Required" or "Suggested". In addition, suggestions may be made to satisfy the requests expressed by the customer.

When a component is suggested or required to be repaired or replaced, the decision to repair or replace must be made in the customer's best interest, and at his or her choice given the options available.

This section lists the various parts and conditions that indicate a required or suggested service or part replacement. Although this list is extensive, it is not fully inclusive. In addition to this list, a technician may make a suggestion. However, any suggestions must be based on substantial and informed experience or the vehicle manufacturer's recommended service interval and must be documented. However, any suggestions must be documented and must be based on substantial and informed experience or the vehicle manufacturer's recommended service interval. NOTE: Vehicle manufacturer service intervals are often categorized as either Normal or Severe. Frequently, motorists are unaware that their driving patterns and habits meet the criteria for following Severe Service schedules. Severe Service is generally defined as, but not limited to one or more of the following conditions: Driving in stop-and-go traffic; frequent short trips; high-speed driving; extreme temperatures; towing or hauling.

Some conditions indicate that service or part replacement is required because the part in question is no longer providing the function for which it is intended, does not meet a vehicle manufacturer's design specification or is missing.

1. Example: An exhaust pipe has corroded severely and has a hole in it through which exhaust gases are leaking. Replacement of the exhaust pipe in this case is required due to functional failure.
2. Example: A brake rotor has been worn to the point where it measures less than the vehicle manufacturer's discard specifications. Replacement of the rotor is required because it does not meet design specifications.

Some conditions indicate that a service or part replacement is suggested because the part is close to the end of its useful life or addresses a customer's need, convenience or request. If a customer's vehicle has one of these conditions, the procedure may be only to suggest service.

1. Example: An exhaust pipe is rusted, corroded or weak, but no leaks are present. In this case, the exhaust pipe has not failed. However, there is evidence that the pipe may need replacement in the near future. Replacement of the pipe may be suggested for the customer's convenience in avoiding a future problem.
2. Example: The customer desires improved ride and/or handling, but the vehicle's shocks or struts have not failed. In this case, replacement may be suggested to satisfy the customer's wishes. In this case, replacement of the shocks or struts may not be sold as a requirement.

A customer, of course, has the choice of whether or not a shop will service his or her vehicle. He or she may decide not to follow some of your suggestions. When a repair is required, a MAP shop must refuse partial service on that system if, in the judgment of the service provider, proceeding with the work could create or continue an unsafe condition. When a procedure states that required or suggested repair or replacement is recommended, the customer must be informed of the generally acceptable repair/replacement options whether or not performed by the shop.

The following reasons may be used for required and suggested services. These codes are shown in the "Code" column of the MAP Uniform Inspection & Communications Standards that follow

Brake System Checksheet (1 Of 2). Scheme 1

Brake System Checksheet (2 Of 2). Scheme 2

Note. Some states may have specifications that differ from OEM. Check your local/state regulations. Where state or local laws are stricter, they take precedence over these guidelines.

ACCELEROMETERS

ACCUMULATORS

ANCHOR PINS

ANTI-LOCK BRAKE CONTROL ASSEMBLY(MODULE)

ANTI-LOCK BRAKE CONTROLLER

ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEMS

Note. Anti-lock brakes are an integral part of the brake system. It is essential that the Anti-lock brakes function properly when brake service is performed. Anti-lock brake systems are commonly referred to as "" ABS"" and will be referred to as ABS throughout these guidelines. Some ABS components also function as part of a traction control system (TCS). When diagnosing and servicing high pressure components, observe safety procedures and equipment requirements established by the vehicle manufacturer to reduce the possibility of serious personal injury.

Note. Intermittent electrical conditions are often caused by a loss of ground, poor connection, or water intrusion into the wiring harness. Electro-magnetic interference (EMI) may be caused by incorrect installation of accessories or components. EMI can result in improper system operation.

AXLE SEAL

BACKING PLATES

BLEEDER SCREW

BRAKE ABS ACTIVE LIGHT (BLUE)

BRAKE FLUID

Note. Most manufacturers prohibit the use of DOT 5 brake fluid in a system equipped with ABS. DOT 3, DOT 4, and DOT 5.1 brake fluids are clear or light amber in color. DOT 5 brake fluid is violet in color. Correct fluid type is normally stamped on the master cylinder cover.

Note. Fluid Flush - a process using a sufficient volume of fluid to help remove contaminants and replacing the contaminated fluid with new fluid of the same type and specification. At times a chemical may be used to enhance removal.

Note. Fluid Exchange/Replace - draining (evacuating) old fluid and replacing it with new fluid of the correct type and specification.

BRAKE FRICTION MATERIAL

Note. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specifications designate replacement at different thicknesses. It is required that friction material be matched in axle sets for consistent braking characteristics.

BRAKE ON - OFF SWITCH

BRAKE PADS

Note. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specifications designate replacement at different thicknesses. It is required that friction material be matched in axle sets for consistent braking characteristics.

BRAKE PEDALS

BRAKE SHOE HARDWARE

Note. See also Self-Adjusting Systems.

BRAKE SHOES

Note. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specifications designate replacement at different thicknesses. It is required that friction material be matched in axle sets for consistent braking characteristics.

BRAKE STOPLIGHT SWITCHES

BRAKE WARNING LIGHT (AMBER)

BRAKE WARNING LIGHT (RED)

BULB SOCKETS

BULBS AND LEDS

Note. Does not include soldered-in components.

CALIPER HARDWARE

CALIPER MOUNTING PIN

CALIPER PISTON

CALIPER SHIM

CALIPER SLIDER PIN (BOLT) DUST BOOT

CALIPER SLIDER PIN (BOLT)

CALIPERS

Note. You are not required to replace or rebuild calipers in axle sets. However, when replacing or rebuilding a caliper due to the conditions that follow, you may suggest servicing, rebuilding, or replacement of the other caliper (on the same axle) for improved performance and preventive maintenance (for example, the part is close to the end of its useful life, replacing the caliper may extend pad life, or contribute to more balanced braking). When installing loaded calipers, it is required that friction material be matched in axle sets for consistent braking characteristics.

COMBINATION VALVE

CONTROLLERS

DIGITAL RATIO AXLE CONTROLLERS AND BUFFERS (DRAB AND DRAM)

DISABLE SWITCHES

DRUMS

Note. Determine the need to recondition based upon individual drum conditions that follow. Friction material replacement does not require drum reconditioning unless other justifications exist. Do not recondition new drums unless they are being pressed or bolted onto an existing hub. It is not necessary to replace drums in axle sets. However, when replacing or reconditioning a drum due to the conditions that follow, you may suggest reconditioning of the other drum on the same axle to eliminate uneven braking behavior. Always wash drums after servicing or before installing.

ELECTRICAL BRAKE PUMPS

ELECTRICAL PARK MOTOR

ELECTRICAL PUMPS AND MOTORS

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

Note. An engineering term used to designate interference in a piece of electronic equipment caused by another piece of electronic or other equipment.

ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL MODULATOR

Note. Many modulators can only be replaced as complete assemblies. Whenever possible, replace the failed component part. If replacement of the failed part is not possible, then replace the modulator assembly.

ELECTRONIC BRAKE DISTRIBUTION

Note. EBD adjusts braking pressure front-to-rear, based on the weight distribution of passengers and/or cargo. Weight distribution is typically determined via the relative difference in rotational speed of the front and rear wheels. Greater braking pressure, (and subsequently stopping power), is directed to the rear wheels when loads in the rear are heavier. This contributes to a more controlled stop, and minimizes ""brake dive"" during hard braking.

ELECTRONIC BRAKE TRACTION CONTROL MODULE

ELECTRONIC CONTROLLERS

ELECTRONIC TRACTION CONTROL

Note. The further development of the electronic locking differential. It electronically reduces engine torque, preventing engine and wheel braking from working against each other. (Example: a driver continues to apply the accelerator while the electronic traction control is attempting to redistribute excess engine torque through braking). This system works in unison with some OEM's stability control systems.

EXTERNAL BRAKE CABLE

FLOW CONTROL VALVE

FLUID LEVEL SENSOR SWITCHES

FLUID

Note. Most manufacturers prohibit the use of DOT 5 brake fluid in a system equipped with ABS. DOT 3, DOT 4, and DOT 5.1 brake fluids are clear or light amber in color. DOT 5 brake fluid is violet in color. Correct fluid type is normally stamped on the master cylinder cover.

Note. Fluid Flush - a process using a sufficient volume of fluid to help remove contaminants and replacing the contaminated fluid with new fluid of the same type and specification. At times a chemical may be used to enhance removal.

Note. Fluid Exchange/Replace - draining (evacuating) old fluid and replacing it with new fluid of the correct type and specification.

FOUR WHEEL DRIVE SWITCHES

FRICTION MATERIAL

Note. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specifications designate replacement at different thicknesses. It is required that friction material be matched in axle sets for consistent braking characteristics.

G SENSORS

GASKETS

GRAVITATIONAL SWITCHES

GREASE SEAL

HEIGHT SENSING PROPORTIONING VALVE

HIGH PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR

HOSES

HUB

HYDRAULIC CONTROL UNIT

HYDRAULIC MODULATORS

Note. Many modulators can only be replaced as complete assemblies. Whenever possible, replace the failed component part. If replacement of the failed part is not possible, then replace the modulator assembly.

HYDRO-BOOSTERS

HYDRO-ELECTRIC BOOSTERS (POWERMASTER)

IGNITION DISABLE SWITCHES

LAMP DRIVER RELAY

LATERAL ACCELERATION SWITCHES

LEDS

Note. Does not include soldered-in components.

LENSES

LOW PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR

LUG NUT

MASTER CYLINDER COVER GASKET

MASTER CYLINDERS

MODULATORS

Note. Many modulators can only be replaced as complete assemblies. Whenever possible, replace the failed component part. If replacement of the failed part is not

MOTOR PACK

MOTORS

PADS

Note. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specifications designate replacement at different thicknesses. It is required that friction material be matched in axle sets for consistent braking characteristics.

PARKING BRAKE CABLE

PARKING BRAKE MECHANISM

PARKING BRAKE SHOES

PARKING BRAKE SWITCHES

PARKING BRAKE SYSTEMS

Note. The parking brake is an integral part of the brake system. It is important that the parking brake function properly when brake service is performed.

PEDAL TRAVEL SWITCHES