INSPECTION AND VERIFICATION
- Verify the customer concern.
- Visually inspect for obvious signs of damage and system integrity. Visual Inspection Mechanical Electrical Coolant leaks Oil leaks Leaks in the fuel system Visibly damaged or worn parts Loose or missing fixings Fuses Loose or corroded electrical connectors Harnesses Sensors
- If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the next step.
- If the concern is not visually evident, verify the symptom and refer to the Symptom Chart.
SYMPTOM CHART
Note. If an engine is suspect, and the vehicle remains under the Manufacturers warranty refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedure manual (section B1.2), or determine if any prior approval programme is in operation, prior to the installation of a new engine.
Note. Due to the possibility of loose carbon, that has become trapped between the valve face and seat, effecting the pressure readings, when carrying out a compression test and some cylinders are found to have low pressures, install the spark plugs, road test the vehicle and re-test the suspect cylinders. If the correct pressures are restored, no further action is required.
| Symptom | Action |
|---|---|
| All engine related issues | Check ECM for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and refer to DTC Index. Refer to Refer to Electronic Engine Controls - 4.2L article. |
| Difficult to start hot and cold | Carry out general engine checks: Compression test. Refer to component tests in this section. Valve clearances Spark plug condition and color |
| Poor idle | Ensure the air intake system is free from leaks Carry out general engine checks: Compression test. Refer to component tests in this section. Valve clearances Spark plug condition and color Check for collapsed catalytic converter/blocked exhaust system Check long and short term fuel trim datalogger signals Readings up to 10%: may be considered as acceptable if the readings are equal bank to bank Positive readings of between 10-20%: check for air leaks in air intake system Negative readings of between 10-20%: check for over fuelling e.g. leaking injectors, high fuel pressure Readings above 20%: check for DTCs and refer to DTC Index. Refer to Refer to Electronic Engine Controls - 4.2L article. Carry out a vacuum gauge check. Refer to component tests in this section |
| Insufficient power/Insufficient compression | Ensure the air intake system is free from leaks Carry out general engine checks: Compression test. Refer to component tests in this section. Valve clearances Spark plug condition and color Check for collapsed catalytic converter/blocked exhaust system Check long and short term fuel trim datalogger signals Readings up to 10%: may be considered as acceptable if the readings are equal bank to bank Positive readings of between 10-20%: check for air leaks in air intake system Negative readings of between 10-20%: check for over fuelling e.g. leaking injectors, high fuel pressure Readings above 20%: check for DTCs and refer to DTC Index. Refer to Refer to Electronic Engine Controls - 4.2L article. Carry out a vacuum gauge check. Refer to component tests in this section |
| Oil consumption | Carry out oil leak check followed by an oil consumption test. Refer to the component tests in this section If oil consumption is excessive: Check the integrity of the engine breather system Carry out general engine checks: Compression test. Refer to component tests in this section. Valve clearances Spark plug condition and color |
| Noise | Refer to the Special Service Messages on the Electronic Product Quality Report (EPQR) system for sound files. If the symptom does NOT compare to any of the sound files, contact Dealer Technical Support (DTS) |
OIL CONSUMPTION TEST
The amount of oil an engine uses will vary with the way the vehicle is driven in addition to normal engine-to-engine variation. This is especially true during the first 16, 100 km (10, 000 miles) when a new engine is being broken in or until certain internal components become conditioned. Vehicles used in heavy-duty operation may use more oil. The following are examples of heavy-duty operation
- Trailer towing applications
- Severe loading applications
- Sustained high speed operation
Engines need oil to lubricate the following internal components
- Cylinder block cylinder walls
- Pistons and piston rings
- Intake and exhaust valve stems
- Intake and exhaust valve guides
- All internal engine components
When the pistons move downward, a thin film of oil is left on the cylinder walls. As the vehicle is operated, some oil is also drawn into the combustion chambers past the intake and exhaust valve stem seals and burned.
The following are examples of conditions that can affect oil consumption rates
- Engine size
- Operator driving habits
- Ambient temperatures
- Quality and viscosity of oil
- Engine is being run in an overfilled condition (check the oil level at least five minutes after a hot shutdown with the vehicle parked on a level surface. The oil level should not be above the top of the cross-hatched area and the letter "F" in FULL).
Operation under varying conditions can frequently be misleading. A vehicle that has been run for several thousand miles on short trips or in below-freezing ambient temperatures may have consumed a "normal" amount of oil. However, when checking the engine oil level, it may measure up to the full mark on the oil level indicator due to dilution (condensation and fuel) in the engine crankcase. The vehicle then might be driven at high speeds on the highway where the condensation and fuel boil off. The next time the engine oil is checked it may appear that a liter of oil was used in about 160 km (100 miles). Oil consumption rate is about one liter per 2, 400 km (1, 500 miles).
Make sure the selected engine oil meets Jaguar specification and the recommended API performance category "SG" and SAE viscosity grade as shown in the vehicle Owner's Guide. It is also important that the engine oil is changed at the intervals specified for the typical operating conditions.
The following diagnostic procedure is used to determine the source of excessive oil consumption.
Note. Oil use is normally greater during the first 16, 100 km (10, 000 miles) of service. As mileage increases, oil use decreases. High speed driving, towing, high ambient temperature and other factors may result in greater oil use.
- Define excessive consumption, such as the number of miles driven per liter of oil used. Also determine customers driving habits, such as sustained high speed operation, towing, extended idle and other considerations.
- Verify that the engine has no external oil leaks as described under Engine Oil Leaks in this section.
- Carry out an oil consumption test: Run the engine to normal operating temperature. Switch engine OFF and allow oil to drain back for at least five minutes. With vehicle parked on level surface, check the engine oil level. If required, add engine oil to set level exactly to the FULL mark. Record the vehicle mileage. Instruct the customer to return for a level check after driving the vehicle as usual for 1, 610 km (1000 miles). Check the oil level under the same conditions and at the same location as the initial check. NOTE: If the oil consumption rate is unacceptable go to Step 4.
- Check the Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) system. Make sure the system is not plugged.
- Check for plugged oil drain-back holes in the cylinder head and cylinder block.
- If the condition still exists after carrying out the above tests go to step 9.
- Carry out a cylinder compression test. Refer to the Compression Test procedure in this section. This can help determine the source of oil consumption such as valves, piston rings or other areas.
- Check valve guides for excessive guide clearance. Install new valve stem seals after verifying valve guide clearance.
- Worn or damaged internal engine components can cause excessive oil consumption. Small deposits of oil on the tips of the spark plugs can be a clue to internal oil consumption.
INTAKE MANIFOLD VACUUM TEST
Bring the engine to normal operating temperature. Connect a vacuum gauge or equivalent to the intake manifold. Run the engine at the specified idle speed.
The vacuum gauge should read between 51-74 kPa (15-22 in-Hg) depending upon the engine condition and the altitude at which the test is performed. Subtract 4.0193 kPa (1 in-Hg) from the specified reading for every 304.8 m (1, 000 feet) of elevation above sea level.
The reading should be steady. As necessary, adjust the gauge damper control (where used) if the needle is fluttering rapidly. Adjust damper until needle moves easily without excessive flutter.
- Verify the customer concern.
- Visually inspect for obvious signs of damage and system integrity. Visual Inspection Mechanical Electrical Coolant leaks Oil leaks Leaks in the fuel system Visibly damaged or worn parts Loose or missing fixings Fuses Loose or corroded electrical connectors Harnesses Sensors
- If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the next step.
- If the concern is not visually evident, verify the symptom and refer to the Symptom Chart, alternatively check for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and refer to the relevant DTC Index.
Note. If an engine is suspect, and the vehicle remains under the Manufacturers warranty refer to the Warranty Policy and Procedure manual (section B1.2), or determine if any prior approval programme is in operation, prior to the installation of a new engine.
Note. Due to the possibility of loose carbon, that has become trapped between the valve face and seat, effecting the pressure readings, when carrying out a compression test and some cylinders are found to have low pressures, install the spark plugs, road test the vehicle and re-test the suspect cylinders. If the correct pressures are restored, no further action is required.
| Symptom | Action |
|---|---|
| All engine related issues | Check ECM for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and refer to DTC Index. Refer to Refer to Electronic Engine Controls and Refer to Electronic Engine Controls article. |
| Difficult to start hot and cold | Carry out general engine checks: Compression test. Refer to component tests in this section. Valve clearances Spark plug condition and color |
| Poor idle | Ensure the air intake system is free from leaks Carry out general engine checks: Compression test. Refer to component tests in this section. Valve clearances Spark plug condition and color Check for collapsed catalytic converter/blocked exhaust system Check long and short term fuel trim datalogger signals Readings up to 10%: may be considered as acceptable if the readings are equal bank to bank Positive readings of between 10-20%: check for air leaks in air intake system Negative readings of between 10-20%: check for over fuelling e.g. leaking injectors, high fuel pressure Readings above 20%: check for DTCs and refer to DTC Index. Refer to Refer to Electronic Engine Controls and Refer to Electronic Engine Controls article. Carry out a vacuum gauge check. Refer to component tests in this section |
| Insufficient power/Insufficient compression | Ensure the air intake system is free from leaks Carry out general engine checks: Compression test. Refer to component tests in this section. Valve clearances Spark plug condition and color Check for collapsed catalytic converter/blocked exhaust system Check long and short term fuel trim datalogger signals Readings up to 10%: may be considered as acceptable if the readings are equal bank to bank Positive readings of between 10-20%: check for air leaks in air intake system Negative readings of between 10-20%: check for over fuelling e.g. leaking injectors, high fuel pressure Readings above 20%: check for DTCs and refer to DTC Index. Refer to Refer to Electronic Engine Controls and Refer to Electronic Engine Controls article. Carry out a vacuum gauge check. Refer to component tests in this section |
| Oil consumption | Carry out oil leak check followed by an oil consumption test. Refer to the component tests in this section If oil consumption is excessive: Check the integrity of the engine breather system Carry out general engine checks: Compression test. Refer to component tests in this section. Valve clearances Spark plug condition and color |
| Noise | Refer to the Special Service Messages on the Electronic Product Quality Report (EPQR) system for sound files. If the symptom does NOT compare to any of the sound files, contact Dealer Technical Support (DTS) |
DTC INDEX
For a list of DTCs that could log in the Engine Control Module (ECM). Refer to: Electronic Engine Controls for 5.0L and Electronic Engine Controls for S/C 5.0L article.
The amount of oil an engine uses will vary with the way the vehicle is driven in addition to normal engine-to-engine variation. This is especially true during the first 16, 100 km (10, 000 miles) when a new engine is being broken in or until certain internal components become conditioned. Vehicles used in heavy-duty operation may use more oil. The following are examples of heavy-duty operation
- Trailer towing applications
- Severe loading applications
- Sustained high speed operation
Engines need oil to lubricate the following internal components
- Cylinder block cylinder walls
- Pistons and piston rings
- Intake and exhaust valve stems
- Intake and exhaust valve guides
- All internal engine components
When the pistons move downward, a thin film of oil is left on the cylinder walls. As the vehicle is operated, some oil is also drawn into the combustion chambers past the intake and exhaust valve stem seals and burned.
The following are examples of conditions that can affect oil consumption rates
- Engine size
- Operator driving habits
- Ambient temperatures
- Quality and viscosity of oil
- Engine is being run in an overfilled condition (check the oil level at least five minutes after a hot shutdown with the vehicle parked on a level surface. The oil level should not be above the top of the cross-hatched area and the letter "F" in FULL).
Operation under varying conditions can frequently be misleading. A vehicle that has been run for several thousand miles on short trips or in below-freezing ambient temperatures may have consumed a "normal" amount of oil. However, when checking the engine oil level, it may measure up to the full mark on the oil level indicator due to dilution (condensation and fuel) in the engine crankcase. The vehicle then might be driven at high speeds on the highway where the condensation and fuel boil off. The next time the engine oil is checked it may appear that a liter of oil was used in about 160 km (100 miles). Oil consumption rate is about one liter per 2, 400 km (1, 500 miles).
Make sure the selected engine oil meets Jaguar specification and the recommended API performance category "SG" and SAE viscosity grade as shown in the vehicle Owner's Guide. It is also important that the engine oil is changed at the intervals specified for the typical operating conditions.
The following diagnostic procedure is used to determine the source of excessive oil consumption.
Note. Oil use is normally greater during the first 16, 100 km (10, 000 miles) of service. As mileage increases, oil use decreases. High speed driving, towing, high ambient temperature and other factors may result in greater oil use.
- Define excessive consumption, such as the number of miles driven per liter of oil used. Also determine customers driving habits, such as sustained high speed operation, towing, extended idle and other considerations.
- Verify that the engine has no external oil leaks as described under Engine Oil Leaks in this section.
- Carry out an oil consumption test: Run the engine to normal operating temperature. Switch engine OFF and allow oil to drain back for at least five minutes. With vehicle parked on level surface, check the engine oil level. If required, add engine oil to set level exactly to the FULL mark. Record the vehicle mileage. Instruct the customer to return for a level check after driving the vehicle as usual for 1, 610 km (1000 miles). Check the oil level under the same conditions and at the same location as the initial check. NOTE: If the oil consumption rate is unacceptable go to Step 4.
- Check the Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) system. Make sure the system is not plugged.
- Check for plugged oil drain-back holes in the cylinder head and cylinder block.
- If the condition still exists after carrying out the above tests go to step 9.
- Carry out a cylinder compression test. Refer to the Compression Test procedure in this section. This can help determine the source of oil consumption such as valves, piston rings or other areas.
- Check valve guides for excessive guide clearance. Install new valve stem seals after verifying valve guide clearance.
- Worn or damaged internal engine components can cause excessive oil consumption. Small deposits of oil on the tips of the spark plugs can be a clue to internal oil consumption.
Bring the engine to normal operating temperature. Connect a vacuum gauge or equivalent to the intake manifold. Run the engine at the specified idle speed.
The vacuum gauge should read between 51-74 kPa (15-22 in-Hg) depending upon the engine condition and the altitude at which the test is performed. Subtract 4.0193 kPa (1 in-Hg) from the specified reading for every 304.8 m (1, 000 feet) of elevation above sea level.
The reading should be steady. As necessary, adjust the gauge damper control (where used) if the needle is fluttering rapidly. Adjust damper until needle moves easily without excessive flutter.
CAMSHAFT SURFACE INSPECTION
- Inspect camshaft lobes for pitting or damage in the active area. Minor pitting is acceptable outside the active area.
EXHAUST MANIFOLD CLEANING AND INSPECTION
- Inspect the cylinder head joining flanges of the exhaust manifold for evidence of exhaust gas leaks.
- Inspect the exhaust manifold for cracks, damaged gasket surfaces, or other damage that would make it unfit for further use.
LEAKAGE TEST USING SMOKE TEST EQUIPMENT
| CAUTION | The compressed air line supply pressure must be between 3.5 and 12 bar (50 and 175 psi) for the smoke test equipment to function correctly. Do not exceed this pressure. Failure to follow this instruction may result in damage to the smoke test equipment. |
Note. The vehicle battery must be in good condition and fully charged before carrying out this procedure.
Note. On vehicles with 3.0L TDV6, it will be necessary to insert smoke at both air cleaner outlet pipes independently if the right hand turbocharger and associated hoses are to be tested.
Note. In some cases it may be necessary to remove undertrays, trim or engine covers to obtain access to all potential leak locations.
Note. Some variation in the illustrations may occur, but the essential information is always correct.
Note. For further information regarding operation of the test equipment refer to the manufacturers operators manual supplied with the kit.
Scheme 36
Scheme 37
Scheme 38
Scheme 39
Scheme 40
- Install the smoke test equipment to a suitable location under the hood.
- Connect a suitable compressed air line to the smoke test equipment.
- Connect the smoke test equipment positive power cable to the battery positive terminal.
- Connect the smoke test equipment negative cable to a suitable body ground point.
- Observe the power indicator lamp on the smoke test equipment. Make sure that a continuous green light is displayed.
- Disconnect the air cleaner outlet pipe(s).
- Connect the smoke test equipment supply hose to the air cleaner outlet pipe. Install the appropriate adapter to the air cleaner outlet pipe. Connect the smoke test equipment supply hose to the adapter link hose.
- Switch the smoke test equipment on.
- Remove the oil filler cap, and observe until a constant flow of smoke is visible leaving the oil filler orifice. Install the oil filler cap.
- Using the torch supplied in the kit set to white light, look for escaping smoke. Alternatively, use the ultraviolet light to look for fluorescent dye deposits at the source of a leak.
Scheme 41
- Carry out a visual inspection. Clean the piston skirt, pin bush, ring grooves and crown and check for wear or cracks. If there are signs of wear on the piston skirt, check whether the connecting rod is twisted or bent.