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Steering System Ford Econoline E250

Manual & Power Steering 13 illustrations ~5377 words

SPECIFICATIONS

ItemSpecificationFill Capacity
Dye-Lite® ATF/Power Steering Fluid Leak Detection Dye 164-R3701 (Rotunda)
MERCON® V Automatic Transmission Fluid XT-5-QM (or XT-5-QMC) (US); CXT-5-LM12 (Canada)MERCON® V2.5L (5.4 pt) (1)
(1) Capacities listed are average system capacities and may vary.
(1)Capacities listed are average system capacities and may vary.

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

ItemSpecification
Power Steering Gear
Meshload0.28-0.79 Nm (2.5-7 lb-in)
Meshload + preload (maximum)2.15 Nm (19 lb-in)
Power Steering Purge Vacuum68-85 kPa (20-25 in/hg)
Steering gear preload0.34-1.36 Nm (3-12 lb-in)
Turning effort31 Nm (23 lb-ft)
Turns lock-to-lock4
Steering linkage vertical/lateral deflection (1)
Power Steering Pump
Flow10.6-12.0L/min(2.8-3.2 gpm)Fluid @ 74°-80°C (165°-176°F) Engine at idle
Minimum capacity5.3L/min(1.4 gpm)Fluid @ 74°-80°C (165°-176°F) Engine at idle Pressure at 5, 171 kPa (750 psi)
Pressure1, 034 kPa(150 psi)Fluid @ 74°-80°C (165°-176°F) Engine at idle
Relief pressure (diesel engines)9, 652-10, 550 kPa (1, 400-1, 530 psi)
Relief pressure (gas engines) 15, 200 and 18, 000 Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)9, 000-9, 900 kPa(1, 300-1, 430 psi)
(1) Refer to COMPONENT TEST .
(1)Refer to COMPONENT TEST .

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

DescriptionNm
Drag link nut90
Meshload adjusting screw locknut31

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS

The steering system consists of the following components

  1. Power steering pump
  2. Steering gear
  3. Power steering lines
  4. Fluid reservoir
  5. Fluid cooler
  6. Steering linkage
  7. Steering wheel
  8. Steering column
  9. Steering column shaft
  10. Steering column switches

The power steering system transfers driver inputs at the steering wheel to the front wheels of the vehicle. The steering column, hydraulic system and linkages that transfer these driver inputs make up the steering system. Gearing and hydraulic assist are used to significantly reduce steering efforts.

For information on the power steering pump, steering gear, power steering lines, fluid reservoir and fluid cooler, refer to POWER STEERING .

For information on the steering linkage, refer to STEERING LINKAGE .

For information on the steering wheel and steering column, refer to STEERING COLUMN .

For information on the steering column switches, refer to STEERING COLUMN SWITCHES .

SPECIAL TOOLS CHART 100W/12-Volt DC UV Lamp 164-R0751 Dial Thermometer 0-220°F 023-R0007 or equivalent Evacuation Cap, Power Steering 211-265 or equivalent Power Steering Adapters 211-D009 (D89P-33610-A) Power Steering Analyzer Kit 211-D001 (014-00207) or equivalent Vacuum Pump Kit 416-D002 (D95L-7559-A) or equivalent Vehicle Communication Module (VCM) and Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) software with appropriate hardware, or equivalent scan tool

Scheme 1

Scheme 1: Steering System
Scheme 1: Steering System

Scheme 2

Scheme 2
Scheme 2

Scheme 3

Scheme 3
Scheme 3

Scheme 4

Scheme 4
Scheme 4

Scheme 5

Scheme 5
Scheme 5
ItemSpecification
Dye-Lite® ATF/Power Steering Fluid Leak Detection Dye 164-R3701 (Rotunda)
MERCON® V Automatic Transmission Fluid XT-5-QM (or XT-5-QMC) (US); CXT-5-LM12 (Canada)MERCON® V

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Power Steering

The power steering system uses a vane-type pump to move the fluid from the reservoir to the steering gear and through the rest of the steering hydraulic system. The power steering pump is mounted to the engine and driven by the engine accessory drive belt. Power steering fluid is pulled into the pump from the reservoir. The power steering fluid is trapped between the pump vanes and moved to the high pressure side of the pump creating a flow of fluid. The restriction of this flow by the steering gear creates the pressure that provides the steering assist. A combined pressure relief/flow valve is built into the pump to control the maximum pressure and flow provided to the steering system. This action prevents damage to the system and provides the correct level of assist during all engine speeds. While under pressure, the power steering fluid flows through the high pressure power steering line to the steering gear. The fluid exits the gear and flows through the return line, cooler and finally to the reservoir. The reservoir slows the fluid, allows air to escape and filters the fluid before returning it to the pump.

Hydro-Boost®

The Hydro-Boost® brake booster is a hydraulically operated brake booster powered by the power steering pump. The power steering pump provides the fluid pressure to operate both the power brake booster and the power steering gear.

The Hydro-Boost® reserve system (accumulator) stores sufficient fluid under pressure to provide at least 2 power-assisted brake applications in the event the power steering pump fluid flow is interrupted. The brakes can also be applied manually if the reserve system is depleted.

Inspection and Verification

  1. Verify the customer concern.
  2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical damage. VISUAL INSPECTION CHART Mechanical Fluid level Tire pressure Tires Drive belt Drive belt tensioner Steering column alignment Tie-rod ends Suspension components Steering column shaft U-joints Steering column shaft bolts Power steering pressure lines, fittings or O-rings Power steering return hoses and clamps Steering gear Power steering pump
  3. Inspect the power steering fluid for the following conditions: Aeration or foam: Purge the power steering system. Refer to «POWER STEERING SYSTEM PURGING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) . Overheating or contamination: Flush the power steering system. Refer to «POWER STEERING SYSTEM FLUSHING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) .
  4. With the ignition OFF: Check the power steering fluid level and add fluid as necessary. Wipe off any visible signs of fluid or residue build up. NOTE: Do not hold the steering wheel at the stops for an extended amount of time. Damage to the power steering pump can occur. Start the engine and turn the steering wheel from stop-to-stop several times.
  5. Visually inspect the power steering hydraulic line/hose connections for leaks. If a leak is detected at a threaded fitting, tighten to specification. If the leak is still evident, visually inspect the O-rings or Teflon® seals. Install new O-rings or Teflon® seals as necessary. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . If a leak is detected at a constant tension spring clamp, verify that the hose is not damaged and fully installed on the hose fitting. Make sure that the constant tension spring clamp is positioned 2 mm (0.078 in) from the end of the hose. If the leak remains, install a new constant tension spring clamp. If a leak is detected at a screw clamp joint, verify that the hose is fully installed on the hose fitting and the clamp is positioned 2 mm (0.078 in) from the end of the hose before tightening the screw clamp. If the leak remains, install a new screw clamp. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) .
  6. Visually inspect the power steering components for leaks. If a leak is detected in the power steering pressure line or return hose, install a new hose. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . If a leak is detected in the power steering pump, install a new power steering pump. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . If a leak is detected at the steering gear, inspect the steering gear and determine the source of the leak. If the leak is related to seals, O-rings and/or the sector shaft cover, reseal the steering gear. Refer to Disassembly and Assembly in «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . If there is damage to the steering gear housing or mating components, a new steering gear must be installed. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . If a leak is detected in the power steering reservoir, install a new reservoir. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) .
  7. For information on power steering leak detection, refer to «COMPONENT TESTS»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) .
  8. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding.
  9. If the cause is not visually evident, verify the symptom and GO to «SYMPTOM CHART - STEERING SYSTEM»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) or «SYMPTOM CHART - NVH»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__symptom-chart-nvh) .

Drift/Pull

Pull is described as a tugging sensation felt by the hands on the steering wheel that must be overcome to keep the vehicle going straight.

Drift describes what a vehicle with this condition does with the hands off the steering wheel.

  1. A vehicle-related drift/pull on a flat road can cause a consistent deviation from the straight-ahead path and require constant steering input in the opposite direction to counteract the effect.
  2. Drift/pull can be induced by conditions external to the vehicle, such as wind or road camber.

Excessive Steering Wheel Play

Excessive steering wheel play is a condition in which there is too much steering wheel movement before the wheels move. A small amount of steering wheel free play is considered normal.

Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist

Lack of assist or inconsistent assist is experienced when the steering wheel effort is higher than normal. Hard steering can remain constant through the full turn or occur near the end of a turn. It is important to know the difference between hard steering/lack of assist and poor returnability/sticky steering.

Hard steering or lack of assist can result from either hydraulic or mechanical conditions. It is extremely important to know if this concern occurs during driving or during high-effort parking maneuvers.

Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering

Poor returnability and sticky steering is used to describe the poor return of the steering wheel to center after a turn or steering correction is completed.

Wander

Wander is the tendency of the vehicle to require frequent, random left and right steering wheel corrections to maintain a straight path down a level road.

ConditionPossible SourcesAction
Steering has lack of assist or inconsistent assist - vehicles with vacuum boostSteering gear Power steering pump Restricted power steering lines/hosesGO to PINPOINT TEST A .
Steering has lack of assist or inconsistent assist - vehicles with Hydro-Boost®Steering gear Power steering pump Restricted power steering lines/hosesGO to PINPOINT TEST B .
Excessive steering wheel playSteering gear Steering column Steering column shaft/U-joints Steering linkageGO to PINPOINT TEST C .
Steering system drift/pull/wanderSteering column shaft/U-joints Steering gear mountsGO to PINPOINT TEST D .
Steering gearADJUST the steering gear meshload. REFER to STEERING GEAR MESHLOAD ADJUSTMENT .
Poor returnability/sticky steeringBinding steering column shaft/coupling U-jointsINSTALL a new steering column shaft. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Loose, worn or damaged steering linkageGO to STEERING LINKAGE or COMPONENT TEST .
Binding suspension componentsTo continue the suspension diagnosis, REFER to SUSPENSION SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION .
Binding steering column bearing(s)INSTALL a new steering column. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Binding dash boot sealINSTALL a new dash boot seal. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Steering gearREPAIR or INSTALL a new steering gear as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING .

SYMPTOM CHART - STEERING SYSTEM

Symptom Chart - NVH

Note. NVH symptoms should be identified using the diagnostic tools that are available. For a list of these tools, an explanation of their uses and a glossary of common terms, refer to NOISE, VIBRATION & HARSHNESS . Since it is possible any one of multiple systems may be the cause of a symptom, it may be necessary to use a process of elimination type of diagnostic approach to pinpoint the responsible system. If this is not the causal system for the symptom, refer back to NOISE, VIBRATION & HARSHNESS for the next likely system and continue diagnosis.

ConditionPossible SourcesAction
Steering system cold start noiseBlockage in the power steering fluid reservoir caused by power steering fluid contaminationNOTE: Some noise during an extremely cold start (-12.2°C (-10°F)) is normal and should improve as the steering system warms up (usually within 60 seconds). NOTE: It may be necessary to remove the power steering fluid reservoir to flush contamination trapped in the reservoir screen. CHECK the power steering fluid reservoir for contamination. FLUSH the power steering system as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING SYSTEM FLUSHING .
Air in the steering hydraulic system (aerated fluid)CHECK for leaks in the system. REFER to POWER STEERING LEAK TEST . PURGE the air from the system. REFER to POWER STEERING SYSTEM PURGING .
Steering grunt or shudder - occurs when turning into or out of a turn at low speeds (temperature sensitive)Air in the steering hydraulic system (aerated fluid)CHECK for leaks in the system. REFER to POWER STEERING LEAK TEST . PURGE the air from the system. REFER to POWER STEERING SYSTEM PURGING .
Steering gear or power steering hosesGO to STEERING GEAR GRUNT/SHUDDER .
Steering system clonk - hydraulic knocking soundAir in the steering hydraulic system (aerated fluid)NOTE: Some amount of clonk noise is considered acceptable. If in doubt of the acceptability, compare to another vehicle. CHECK for leaks in the system. REFER to POWER STEERING LEAK TEST . PURGE the air from the system. REFER to POWER STEERING SYSTEM PURGING .
Power steering pump moan - loud humming noise occurs when the steering wheel is rotated to the stop position. Produces a 120-600 Hz frequency that changes with RPMLow fluidCHECK the fluid level. FILL as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING SYSTEM FILLING .
Air in the steering hydraulic system (aerated fluid)CHECK for leaks in the system. REFER to POWER STEERING LEAK TEST . PURGE the air from the system. REFER to POWER STEERING SYSTEM PURGING . If a pump moan still exists, INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to POWER STEERING .
Power steering fluid reservoir or screen is blocked or damagedREMOVE the reservoir. FLUSH/CLEAN or INSTALL a new reservoir as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING .
Power steering line/hose grounded to chassisINSPECT the power steering lines/hoses. REPAIR as necessary.
Power steering pump brackets loose or misalignedCHECK bolts, brackets and bracket alignment. TIGHTEN bolts to specification. REPAIR or INSTALL new brackets as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING .
Steering gear isolatorsINSPECT the isolators for wear or damage. REPAIR as necessary.
Steering gear clunk - occurs only while cornering over a bump (can be temperature sensitive)Steering gearINSPECT the steering gear for loose mounting bolts. TIGHTEN to specification as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING .
Feedback (rattle, chuckle or knocking noise in the steering gear) - roughness is felt in the steering wheel when the vehicle is driven over rough surfacesSteering column shaft/U-joints damaged or wornINSTALL a new steering column shaft. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Loose, damaged or worn tie-rod endsINSPECT and INSTALL new tie-rod ends as necessary. GO to STEERING LINKAGE or COMPONENT TEST .
Steering gear mounting bolts looseTIGHTEN the bolts to specification or INSTALL new bolts as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING .
Steering column shaft bolts are looseTIGHTEN the bolts to specification. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Steering column damaged or wornREPAIR or INSTALL a new steering column as necessary. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Accessory drive belt squeal/chirp - when rotating the steering wheel from stop-to-stopEngine accessory drive systemREFER to ENGINE SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION to continue accessory drive system diagnosis.
Power steering hiss or whistleSteering column shaft/coupling-to-steering gear is binding or misalignedREPAIR or INSTALL a new steering column shaft as necessary. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Grounded or loose steering column boot at the dash panelREPAIR as necessary.
Damaged or worn steering gear input shaft and valveINSTALL a new steering gear as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING .
Restricted power steering lines/hosesGO to PINPOINT TEST A .
Steering column rattleLoose bolts or attaching bracketsTIGHTEN the bolts to specification.
Loose, worn or insufficiently lubricated column bearingsLUBRICATE bearings or INSTALL new steering column bearings or steering column as necessary. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Steering shaft insulators damaged or wornINSTALL new insulators. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Steering column shaft/coupling compressed or extendedINSPECT the rubber spider coupling for damage. INSTALL a new steering column shaft. REFER to STEERING COLUMN .
Steering gear squeakIncorrect power steering fluid in systemIf incorrect power steering fluid is suspected, FLUSH the power steering system. REFER to POWER STEERING SYSTEM FLUSHING . If noise persists after system flush, INSTALL new steering gear seals as necessary. REFER to Disassembly and Assembly in POWER STEERING .
Steering gear sealsNOTE: Use the chassis ears to verify that the steering gear is the source of the noise. It may be necessary to replicate the customer operating conditions (fluid temperature, turning rate of steering wheel) to get the squeak to reoccur. INSTALL new steering gear seals as necessary. REFER to Disassembly and Assembly in POWER STEERING .
Stone shield (if equipped)Make sure that the stone shield is correctly installed and that it is not making contact with the steering shaft. REPOSITION stone shield or INSTALL a new stone shield as necessary.
Steering column squeak, cracks or grindsInsufficiently lubricated steering shaft bushingsLUBRICATE the steering shaft and shaft tube seals.
Loose or misaligned steering column shroudsTIGHTEN or ALIGN the steering column shrouds.
Steering wheel rubbing against steering column shroudsREPOSITION the steering column shrouds.
Upper or lower bearing sleeves out of positionREPOSITION the bearing sleeves.
Power steering pump noisyPower steering pumpINSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING .
Power steering pump relief noisePower steering fluid flow into the bypass valve of the pump valve housing, with fluid temperature below 54°C (130°F)Acceptable condition.
Power steering pump whine noiseAerated fluidCHECK for a leak in the system. REFER to POWER STEERING FLUID LEAK TEST . PURGE the air from the system. REFER to POWER STEERING SYSTEM PURGING .
Damaged power steering pumpINSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. REFER to POWER STEERING .
High speed shake or shimmyWorn or damaged steering linkage componentsGO to STEERING LINKAGE or COMPONENT TEST .
NOTE
Some noise during an extremely cold start (-12.2°C (-10°F)) is normal and should improve as the steering system warms up (usually within 60 seconds).
NOTE
It may be necessary to remove the power steering fluid reservoir to flush contamination trapped in the reservoir screen.
NOTE
Some amount of clonk noise is considered acceptable. If in doubt of the acceptability, compare to another vehicle.
NOTE
Use the chassis ears to verify that the steering gear is the source of the noise. It may be necessary to replicate the customer operating conditions (fluid temperature, turning rate of steering wheel) to get the squeak to reoccur.

SYMPTOM CHART - NVH

Pinpoint Test A: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist - Vehicles with Vacuum Boost

Note. Hard steering or lack of assist is experienced when the steering wheel effort exceeds specifications. Hard steering can remain constant through the full turn, occur near the end of a turn or differ right to left. It is important to know the difference between hard steering/lack of assist and poor returnability/sticky steering.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

  1. Steering gear
  2. Power steering pump
  3. Power steering hoses
  1. A1 CHECK THE STEERING ASSIST WITH THE ENGINE RPM RAISED NOTE: Do not hold the steering wheel at the stops for an extended amount of time. Damage to the power steering pump can occur. Set the engine at 2, 100 RPM and turn the steering wheel fully to the left and right. Is steering assist normal with the engine RPM raised? Yes : INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . No : GO to A2.
  2. A2 CHECK FOR A CHANGE OF ASSIST ON LEFT AND RIGHT TURNS With the engine at idle, turn the steering wheel fully to the left and to the right. Does the steering assist change when turning from right to left? Yes : INSTALL a new steering gear. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . No : GO to A3.
  3. A3 CHECK THE STEERING LINES AND HOSES FOR RESTRICTIONS Inspect the steering lines and hoses for damage, kinks or restrictions. Are the steering lines or hoses damaged, kinked or restricted? Yes : INSTALL new lines or hoses as necessary. No : GO to A4.
  4. A4 MONITOR THE ENGINE RPM CHANGES NOTE: Do not hold the steering wheel at the stops for an extended amount of time. Damage to the power steering pump can occur. NOTE: Make sure that the vehicle is on a flat, dry surface, all accessories are in the OFF position and that the steering system is at normal operating temperature. Connect the scan tool. Start the engine. With the engine at idle, raise the power steering fluid temperature to 74-80°C (165-176°F) by rotating the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times. While monitoring the engine RPM with the scan tool, turn the steering wheel quickly to the left stop position and then to the right stop position. Note the engine RPM during the turns. Does the engine RPM change (even temporarily) more than 30 RPM when turning the steering wheel? Yes : INSTALL a new steering gear. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . No : INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) .

Pinpoint Test B: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist - Vehicles With Hydro-Boost®

Note. Hard steering or lack of assist is experienced when the steering wheel effort exceeds specifications. Hard steering can remain constant through the full turn, occur near the end of a turn or differ right to left. It is important to know the difference between hard steering/lack of assist and poor returnability/sticky steering.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

  1. Steering gear
  2. Power steering pump
  3. Power steering hoses
  1. B1 CHECK THE STEERING ASSIST WITH THE ENGINE RPM RAISED NOTE: Do not hold the steering wheel at the stops for an extended amount of time. Damage to the power steering pump can occur. Set the engine at 2, 100 RPM and turn the steering wheel fully to the left and right. Is steering assist normal with the engine RPM raised? Yes : INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . No : GO to B2.
  2. B2 CHECK FOR A CHANGE OF ASSIST ON LEFT AND RIGHT TURNS With the engine at idle, turn the steering wheel fully to the left and to the right. Does the steering assist change when turning from right to left? Yes : INSTALL a new steering gear. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . No : CARRY OUT the «PUMP FLOW AND PRESSURE»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__pump-flow-and-pressure-test) .

Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

  1. Steering linkage
  2. Steering column shaft/U-joints
  3. Steering gear
  1. C1 CHECK THE STEERING LINKAGE Carry out the «STEERING LINKAGE»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) «COMPONENT TEST»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) . Is the steering linkage OK? Yes : GO to C2. No : INSTALL new steering linkage components as necessary. REFER to «STEERING LINKAGE»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-linkage) .
  2. C2 CHECK THE STEERING COLUMN SHAFT Inspect the steering column shaft U-joints and fasteners for looseness. Are the U-joints and fasteners OK? Yes : CHECK and ADJUST the steering gear meshload as necessary. REFER to «STEERING GEAR MESHLOAD ADJUSTMENT»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__steering-gear-meshload-adjustment) . No : TIGHTEN the steering column shaft fasteners or INSTALL a new steering column shaft. REFER to «STEERING COLUMN»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/steering-column/#steering-column) .

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following

  1. Steering gear
  2. Steering column shaft
  3. Steering column shaft U-joints
  4. Steering gear mounts
  1. D1 CHECK THE STEERING COLUMN SHAFT NOTE: Be sure to keep the clockspring centered when disconnecting the intermediate shaft. Refer to the «SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/airbag/#supplemental-restraint-system) for the procedure. Check the steering column and steering column shaft for grounding. Disconnect the steering column steering column shaft at the steering column. Inspect the steering column steering column shaft U-joints for looseness or wear. Are the steering column intermediate shaft U-joints OK? Yes : GO to D2. No : INSTALL a new steering column shaft as necessary. REFER to «STEERING COLUMN»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/steering-column/#steering-column) .
  2. D2 CHECK THE STEERING GEAR MOUNTING Check the steering gear mounts for looseness or wear. Are the steering gear mounts OK? Yes : GO to D3. No : INSTALL a new steering gear as necessary. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) .
  3. D3 CHECK THE STEERING GEAR Carry out the «STEERING GEAR VALVE»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__steering-gear-valve-test) . Is the steering gear valve OK? Yes : REFER to «SUSPENSION SYSTEM - GENERAL INFORMATION»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/suspension-front/#suspension-system-general-information) to diagnose suspension system drift/pull/wander. No : REPAIR or INSTALL a new steering gear as necessary. REFER to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) .

Power Steering Fluid Leak Test

Note. This test should only be carried out if a leak in the system has not been detected during a thorough visual inspection. Refer to INSPECTION AND VERIFICATION .

  1. Remove the power steering pump reservoir cap and check the power steering fluid level. If necessary, add the specified power steering fluid.
  2. Tightly install the Power Steering Evacuation Cap onto the reservoir and connect the Vacuum Pump Kit to the Evacuation Cap.
  3. Using the Vacuum Pump Kit, apply 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg) of vacuum to the power steering system.
  4. Observe the vacuum gauge for 30 seconds. If the vacuum gauge reading drops more than 3 kPa (0.88 in-Hg), a leak is present.
  5. Remove the Vacuum Pump Kit.
  6. Start the engine and insert the Dial Thermometer into the Evacuation Cap.
  7. With the engine at idle, raise the power steering fluid temperature to 74-80°C (165-176°F) by rotating the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times.
  8. Stop the engine and visually inspect the system for leaks. If a leak is evident, repair as necessary. If a leak is not evident, add the specified UV fluorescent tracer dye to the power steering fluid. Use 14.78 ml (1/2 oz) of dye solution for every 1.89L (2 qt) of power steering fluid.
  9. Start the engine.
  10. With the engine at idle, raise the power steering fluid temperature to 74-80°C (165-176°F) by rotating the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times.
  11. Stop the engine and inspect the system for traces of UV dye using the 100W/12 Volt DC UV Lamp. Repair as necessary.

Pump Flow and Pressure Test - Vehicles With Hydro-Boost®

WARNINGDo not touch the flowmeter during the test procedure or for several minutes after use. The flowmeter may become hot during use and can burn unprotected skin. Failure to follow this instruction may result in serious personal injury.

Note. For power steering pump flow, pressure and relief pressure specifications, refer to General Specifications/Power Steering Pump .

  1. Install the Power Steering Adapters and the Power Steering Analyzer Kit between the pressure line and the pressure inlet port of the Hydro-Boost® brake booster. Make sure the power steering analyzer gate valve is fully open.
  2. Place a Dial Thermometer in the power steering pump reservoir.
  3. Check the power steering fluid level. If necessary, add specified power steering fluid.
  4. Install a digital tachometer.
  5. Start the engine. Place the transmission in NEUTRAL. Set the parking brake. Raise the power steering fluid temperature to 74-80°C (165-175°F) by rotating the steering wheel fully to the left and right several times.
  6. With the steering wheel in the straight-ahead position, set the engine at idle. Record the flow rate and pressure readings. If the flow rate is below the flow rate specification, check the power steering pump-to-brake booster pressure line for kinks and restrictions. If the pressure reading is above the pressure specification, check all other power steering hoses and the fluid cooler for restrictions.
  7. Partially close the gate valve to obtain 750 psi. Set the engine speed at idle. Record the flow rate. If the flow is less than the specified flow rate, install a new power steering pump.
  8. Completely close and partially open the gate valve 3 times. Record the pressure relief valve actuation pressure reading. If the pressure does not meet the relief pressure specification, then install a new power steering pump.
  9. Fully open the gate valve. While reading the pressure gauge, have an assistant gradually apply the brake pedal until the relief pressure is reached and then release the brake pedal (pressure should quickly build and release). Have the assistant gradually apply the brake pedal again to verify consistency. If the relief pressure can not be reached (brake pedal should be hard), install a new Hydro-Boost® brake booster. Refer to «POWER BRAKE ACTUATION»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/mechanical-hydraulic/#power-brake-actuation-brake-booster) . If the pressure returns slowly or sticks, check the brake pedal and bracket for sticking or binding. If the brake pedal and bracket are OK, install a new Hydro-Boost® brake booster. Refer to «POWER BRAKE ACTUATION»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/mechanical-hydraulic/#power-brake-actuation-brake-booster) .
  10. Have an assistant turn the steering wheel to the left and right stops. Record flow rate and pressure readings at the stops. The pressure reading at both stops should be nearly the same as the pump relief pressure. The flow rate should drop below 1.9L/min (0.5 gal/min). If the pressure does not reach the pump relief pressure or the flow rate does not drop below the specified value, excessive internal leakage is occurring. Install a new steering gear as necessary. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) .
  11. Have an assistant turn the steering wheel slightly in both directions and release quickly while watching the pressure gauge. The pressure reading should move from the normal back pressure reading and snap back as the steering wheel is released. If the pressure returns slowly or sticks, the rotary valve in the steering gear is sticking or the steering column is binding. Check the steering column and linkages before repairing the steering gear.

Steering Gear Valve Test

  1. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. Refer to «JACKING & LIFTING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-lifting) . Raise the vehicle until the front wheels are off the ground.
  2. Start the engine. If the steering wheel rotates in either direction (with no hand input), install a new steering gear. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) .

Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test

  1. Start and run the vehicle to operating temperature.
  2. Set engine idle speed to 1, 200 RPM.
  3. Rotate the steering wheel to the RH stop, then turn the steering wheel 90 degrees back from that position. Slowly turn the steering wheel back and forth approximately one-twelfth of a full turn.
  4. Turn the steering wheel another 90 degrees. Slowly turn the steering wheel back and forth approximately one-twelfth of a full turn.
  5. Repeat the test with the power steering fluid at different temperatures.
  6. If a light grunt is heard or a low (50-200 Hz) shudder is present, this is a normal steering system condition.
  7. If a loud grunt is heard, or a strong shudder is felt, purge the power steering system. Refer to «POWER STEERING SYSTEM PURGING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) . If a loud grunt or strong shudder still exists, check the power steering lines/hoses for restrictions or damage and repair as necessary. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) . If the lines/hoses are OK, install a new steering gear. Refer to «POWER STEERING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#power-steering-system) .

Vertical Inspection

Note. Checking the steering linkage components for vertical (up and down) deflection is preferred, however it may be necessary to check some steering linkage components for lateral (side-to-side) deflection due to lack of clearance for the dial indicator. Outer tie-rod ends should always be checked for vertical deflection . Using a vice grip style, flexible arm dial indicator (such as Snap On® stock # GA3634) is suggested.

Note. The steering linkage component ball studs are spring loaded and will normally have a small amount of vertical deflection when the spring is compressed. However, excessive vertical deflection of the studs relative to the sockets may indicate excessive wear.

Scheme 6

Scheme 6: Vertical Inspection
Scheme 6: Vertical Inspection
  1. Turn the steering wheel to the straight-ahead position and turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.
  2. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. Refer to «JACKING & LIFTING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-lifting) .
  3. If necessary, remove the wheel and tire. Refer to «WHEELS AND TIRES»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/wheel-tire-system/#wheels-tires) .
  4. Install the dial indicator as shown in illustration. Attach the vise grip/flexible arm to the nut of the steering linkage component being tested or the component that the steering linkage ball stud seats into. Position the flexible arm so that the dial indicator is positioned on the center of the steering linkage component cap and lock the flexible arm.
  5. Grasp the steering linkage component forging near the ball stud, push upward, pull downward, and then release it. This will allow the steering linkage component to be in a relaxed position when measuring.
  6. Zero the dial indicator.
  7. Using a suitable prying device (approximately 457 mm (18 in) long), pry on the steering linkage component forging while observing the deflection of the dial indicator pointer. Only apply moderate force. Do not move the vehicle suspension.
  8. If the vertical deflection exceeds 2.30 mm (0.09 in), install a steering linkage component. Refer to «STEERING LINKAGE»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-linkage) .

Lateral Inspection

Note. Checking the steering linkage components for vertical (up and down) deflection is preferred, however it may be necessary to check some steering linkage components for lateral (side-to-side) deflection due to lack of clearance for the dial indicator. Outer tie-rod ends should always be checked for vertical deflection. Using a vice grip style, flexible arm dial indicator (such as Snap On® stock # GA3634) is suggested.

Scheme 7

Scheme 7: Lateral Inspection
Scheme 7: Lateral Inspection
  1. Turn the steering wheel to the straight-ahead position and turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.
  2. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. Refer to «JACKING & LIFTING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-lifting) .
  3. Install the dial indicator. Attach the vise grip/flexible arm to the nut of the steering linkage component being tested or the component that the steering linkage ball stud seats into. Position the flexible arm so that the dial indicator is positioned on the end of steering linkage housing and lock the flexible arm.
  4. Have an assistant grasp the tire and move the steering linkage from side-to-side. Observe and record the deflection measured with the dial indicator.
  5. If the lateral deflection exceeds 1.30 mm (0.05 in), install a new steering linkage component. Refer to «STEERING LINKAGE»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-linkage) .
ItemSpecification
MERCON® V Automatic Transmission Fluid XT-5-QM (or XT-5-QMC) (US); CXT-5-LM12 (Canada)MERCON® V

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Note. The intent of this procedure is to remove contamination in the power steering system that has resulted in a brake pedal kickback condition. This is accomplished by installing a temporary filter (7B155) in-line with the power steering system. The filter should be installed in-line between the steering gear and the fluid cooler or in-line between the fluid cooler and the fluid reservoir. If the brake pedal kickback condition still exists after carrying out the filtering procedure, a new Hydro-Boost® brake booster must be installed.

  1. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. For additional information, refer to «JACKING & LIFTING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-lifting) .
  2. Using a suitable tool, pinch-off the return hose to prevent fluid loss when the hose is disconnected.
  3. Release the clamp and disconnect the return hose from the fluid cooler. Cap the fluid cooler port to minimize fluid loss. Install the temporary filter in-line with the return hose using the original hose clamp to retain the filter.
  4. Using a section of 3/8 in hose (approximately 101.6 mm (4 in) long) and clamps, attach the other end of the filter to the fluid cooler.
  5. Remove the hose pinch-off tool from the return hose.
  6. Check the power steering fluid level and add fluid as necessary.
  7. Start the engine and allow it to run at idle for approximately 15 seconds.
  8. Turn the steering wheel lock-to-lock 10 times.
  9. Fully apply the brake pedal (hard to the floor) 25 times.
  10. Turn the steering wheel lock-to-lock 5 times.
  11. Remove and discard the filter. Connect the return hose to the fluid cooler.
  12. Fill the power steering system. Refer to «POWER STEERING SYSTEM FILLING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) .
  13. Start the engine and with the engine at idle, gradually apply the brake pedal until fully applied. If the brake pedal kickback condition still exists, install a new Hydro-Boost® brake booster. For additional information, refer to «POWER BRAKE ACTUATION»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/mechanical-hydraulic/#power-brake-actuation-brake-booster) .
ItemSpecification
MERCON® V Automatic Transmission Fluid XT-5-QM (or XT-5-QMC) (US); CXT-5-LM12 (Canada)MERCON® V

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Note. Do not mix fluid types. Any mixture or any unapproved fluid may lead to seal deterioration and leaks. A leak may ultimately cause loss of fluid, which may result in a loss of power steering assist.

  1. Remove the power steering fluid reservoir cap.
  2. Using a suitable suction device, remove the power steering fluid from the reservoir.
  3. Release the clamp and disconnect the return hose from the reservoir. Remove the clamp from the hose and allow the remaining fluid to drain out of the reservoir.
  4. Plug the power steering fluid reservoir inlet port.
  5. Attach an extension hose to the return hose.
  6. Place the open end of the extension hose into a suitable container.
  7. If equipped with Hydro-Boost®, apply the brake pedal 4 times.
  8. Fill the reservoir as needed with the specified fluid.
  9. Start the engine while simultaneously turning the steering wheel to lock and then immediately turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.
  10. Fill the reservoir as needed with the specified fluid.
  11. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 , turning the steering wheel in the opposite direction each time, until the fluid exiting the power steering fluid return hose is clean and clear of foreign material.
  12. Remove the extension hose from the return hose.
  13. Remove the plug from the fluid reservoir inlet port.
  14. Install the clamp and connect the power steering return hose to the reservoir.
  15. Fill the power steering system. For additional information, refer to «POWER STEERING SYSTEM FILLING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) .

SPECIAL TOOLS CHART Evacuation Cap, Power Steering 211-265 Vacuum Pump Kit 416-D002 (D95L-7559-A) or equivalent

ItemSpecification
MERCON® V Automatic Transmission Fluid XT-5-QM (or XT-5-QMC) (US); CXT-5-LM12 (Canada)MERCON® V

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Note. If the air is not purged from the power steering system correctly, premature power steering pump failure may result. The condition may occur on pre-delivery vehicles with evidence of aerated fluid or on vehicles that have had steering component repairs.

Scheme 8

Scheme 8
Scheme 8
  1. Remove the power steering reservoir cap. Check the fluid.
  2. Raise the front wheels off the floor. Refer to «JACKING & LIFTING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-lifting) for the procedure.
  3. Tightly insert the Power Steering Evacuation Cap into the reservoir and connect the Vacuum Pump Kit.
  4. Start the engine.
  5. Using the Vacuum Pump Kit, apply vacuum and maintain the maximum vacuum of 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg). If the Vacuum Pump Kit does not maintain vacuum, check the power steering system for leaks before proceeding. For additional information, refer to «POWER STEERING FLUID LEAK TEST»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__power-steering-fluid-leak-test) .
  6. If equipped with Hydro-Boost®, apply the brake pedal 4 times.
  7. Cycle the steering wheel fully from stop-to-stop 10 times.
  8. Stop the engine.
  9. Release the vacuum and remove the Vacuum Pump Kit and the Power Steering Evacuation Cap.
  10. Fill the reservoir as needed with the specified fluid.
  11. Start the engine.
  12. Install the Power Steering Evacuation Cap and the Vacuum Pump Kit. Apply and maintain the maximum vacuum of 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg).
  13. Cycle the steering wheel fully from stop-to-stop 10 times.
  14. Stop the engine, release the vacuum and remove the Vacuum Pump Kit and the Power Steering Evacuation Cap.
  15. Fill the reservoir as needed with the specified fluid and install the reservoir cap.
  16. Visually inspect the power steering system for leaks.

SPECIAL TOOLS CHART Evacuation Cap, Power Steering 211-265 Fill Adapter Manifold, Power Steering 211-327 Vacuum Pump Kit 416-D002 (D95L-7559-A) or equivalent

ItemSpecification
MERCON® V Automatic Transmission Fluid XT-5-QM (or XT-5-QMC) (US); CXT-5-LM12 (Canada)MERCON® V

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Scheme 9

Scheme 9
Scheme 9
ItemDescription
1Power steering fluid reservoir
2Control valve (vacuum side)
3Control valve (fluid container side)
4Fluid container
  1. Remove the power steering fluid reservoir cap.
  2. Install the Power Steering Evacuation Cap, Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold and Vacuum Pump Kit as shown in the illustration.
  3. Close the Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold control valve (fluid side).
  4. Open the Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold control valve (vacuum side).
  5. Using the Vacuum Pump Kit, apply 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg) of vacuum to the power steering system.
  6. Observe the Vacuum Pump Kit gauge for 30 seconds.
  7. If the Vacuum Pump Kit gauge reading drops more than 3 kPa (0.88 in-Hg), correct any leaks in the power steering system or the Power Steering Evacuation Cap, Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold and Vacuum Pump Kit before proceeding.
  8. Slowly open the Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold control valve (fluid side) until power steering fluid completely fills the hose and then close the control valve.
  9. Using the Vacuum Pump Kit, apply 68-85 kPa (20-25 in-Hg) of vacuum to the power steering system.
  10. Close the Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold control valve (vacuum side).
  11. Slowly open the Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold control valve (fluid side).
  12. Once power steering fluid enters the fluid reservoir and reaches the minimum fluid level indicator line on the reservoir, close the Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold control valve (fluid side).
  13. Remove the Power Steering Evacuation Cap, Power Steering Fill Adapter Manifold and Vacuum Pump Kit.
  14. Install the reservoir cap.
  15. Start the engine and turn the steering wheel from stop-to-stop.
  16. Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.
  17. Remove the reservoir cap and fill the reservoir with the specified fluid.
  18. Install the reservoir cap.

Steering Gear Meshload Adjustment

SPECIAL TOOLS CHART Remover, Steering Arm 211-003 (T65P-3590-F)

Scheme 10

Scheme 10: Steering Gear Meshload Adjustment
Scheme 10: Steering Gear Meshload Adjustment

Scheme 11

Scheme 11
Scheme 11

Scheme 12

Scheme 12
Scheme 12

Scheme 13

Scheme 13
Scheme 13
  1. Turn the steering wheel from right lock to left lock at least once.
  2. Remove the driver air bag. For additional information, refer to «SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/airbag/#supplemental-restraint-system) .
  3. With the vehicle in NEUTRAL, position it on a hoist. For additional information, refer to «JACKING & LIFTING»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/hoistjack/#jacking-lifting) .
  4. Remove the drag link-to-sector shaft arm cotter pin and nut.
  5. Separate the steering sector shaft arm drag link. Use the Steering Arm Remover to separate the steering sector shaft arm drag link.
  6. Rotate the steering wheel to the left stop and then rotate the steering wheel back approximately 45 degrees.
  7. Attach a lb-in torque wrench to the steering wheel bolt and slowly and evenly rotate the steering wheel clockwise one-half turn (180 degrees). Record the peak preload torque.
  8. Rotate the steering wheel to its centered position (approximately one and one-half turns from either stop). Place the torque wrench on the steering wheel bolt with the handle in the vertical position. Rotate the torque wrench slowly and evenly one-fourth turn (90 degrees) from each side of center. Record the peak on-center torque.
  9. If necessary, carry out the following steps to adjust the on-center torque.
  10. Hold the meshload screw, loosen the locknut and then adjust the meshload screw to the correct on-center torque.
  11. Verify that the on-center torque is to specification. Readjust if necessary.
  12. Hold the meshload screw and tighten the locknut to 31 Nm (23 lb-ft).
  13. Position the drag link and install the nut. Tighten to 90 Nm (66 lb-ft). Install a new cotter pin.
  14. Install the driver air bag. For additional information, refer to «SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM»(/ford/econoline-e250/2012-2013/remont/airbag/#supplemental-restraint-system) .

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