Engine Mechanical - 4.6l (1 of 5) Cadillac DTS I

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Engine Mechanical Specifications (LD8)

Engine Mechanical Specifications (L37)

Sealers, Adhesives & Lubricants

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Left Cylinder Head Camshaft Cover Face

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Left Cylinder Head Front Face

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Left Cylinder Head Intake Face

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Left Cylinder Head Exhaust Face

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Left Cylinder Head Rear Face

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Right Cylinder Head Camshaft Cover Face

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Right Cylinder Head Front Face

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Right Cylinder Head Intake Face

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Right Cylinder Head Exhaust Face

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Right Cylinder Head Rear Face

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Engine Block Front

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Engine Block Left Side

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Engine Block Right Side

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Engine Block Rear

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Engine Block Top

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Engine Block Left Deck Face

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Engine Block Right Deck Face

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Engine Block Lower Face

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Lower Crankcase Pan Face

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Oil Pan - Bottom

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The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Derivative is located on the right front side of the engine block (1) and is a nine digit number stamped or laser etched onto the engine at the vehicle assembly plant. If reading the identification number the following information can be obtained

1. The first digit identifies the vehicle division.
2. The second digit is the model year.
3. The third digit identifies the assembly plant.
4. The fourth through ninth digits are the last six digits of the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).

Engine Verification

The engine verification label is placed in two locations on the right side of the engine.

Scheme 36

The engine front cover has an engine verification label (1) and the front of the right camshaft cover has a traceability label (2).

Scheme 37

The rear of the right camshaft cover has an engine verification label (1).

Diagnostic Starting Point - Engine Mechanical

Begin the system diagnosis by reviewing the Disassembled Views , Engine Component Description , Drive Belt System Description , Lubrication Description and New Product Information . Reviewing the description and operation information will help you determine the correct symptom diagnostic procedure when a malfunction exists. Reviewing the description and operation information will also help you determine if the condition described by the customer is normal operation. Refer to Symptoms - Engine Mechanical in order to identify the correct procedure for diagnosing the system and where the procedure is located.

Strategy Based Diagnostics

1. Perform «Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/oem-general-information/#vehicle-diagnostic-information__diagnostic-system-check-vehicle) before using the symptom tables, if applicable.
2. Review the system operations in order to familiarize yourself with the system functions. Refer to «Disassembled Views»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5) , «Engine Component Description»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5) , «Drive Belt System Description»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__drive-belt-system-description) , «Lubrication Description»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5) and «New Product Information»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__new-product-information) .

All diagnosis on a vehicle should follow a logical process. Strategy based diagnostics is a uniform approach for repairing all systems. The diagnostic flow may always be used in order to resolve a system problem. The diagnostic flow is the place to start when repairs are necessary. For a detailed explanation, refer to Strategy Based Diagnosis .

Visual/Physical Inspection

1. Inspect for aftermarket devices which could affect the operation of the Engine. Refer to «Checking Aftermarket Accessories»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/ignition-switchsteering-lock/#wiring-systems-and-power-management-service-troubleshooting-diagnosis__checking-aftermarket-accessories) .
2. Inspect the easily accessible or visible system components for obvious damage or conditions which could cause the symptom.
3. Check for the correct oil level, proper oil viscosity, and correct filter application.
4. Verify the exact operating conditions under which the concern exists. Note factors such as engine RPM, ambient temperature, engine temperature, amount of engine warm-up time, and other specifics.
5. Compare the engine sounds, if applicable, to a known good engine and make sure you are not trying to correct a normal condition.

Intermittent

Test the vehicle under the same conditions that the customer reported in order to verify the system is operating properly.

Symptom List

Refer to a symptom diagnostic procedure from the following list in order to diagnose the symptom

1. «Base Engine Misfire without Internal Engine Noises»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__base-engine-misfire-without-internal-engine)
2. «Base Engine Misfire with Abnormal Internal Lower Engine Noises»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__base-engine-misfire-with-abnormal-internal)
3. «Base Engine Misfire with Abnormal Valve Train Noise»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__base-engine-misfire-with-abnormal-valve)
4. «Base Engine Misfire with Coolant Consumption»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__base-engine-misfire-with-coolant-consumption)
5. «Base Engine Misfire with Excessive Oil Consumption»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__base-engine-misfire-with-excessive-oil)
6. «Engine Noise on Start-Up, but Only Lasting a Few Seconds»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__engine-noise-on-start-up-but-only)
7. «Upper Engine Noise, Regardless of Engine Speed»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__upper-engine-noise-regardless-of-engine)
8. «Lower Engine Noise, Regardless of Engine Speed»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__lower-engine-noise-regardless-of-engine)
9. «Engine Noise Under Load»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__engine-noise-under-load)
10. «Engine Will Not Crank - Crankshaft Will Not Rotate»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__engine-will-not-crank-crankshaft)
11. «Engine Compression Test»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5)
12. «Oil Consumption Diagnosis»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__oil-consumption-diagnosis)
13. «Oil Pressure Diagnosis and Testing»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__oil-pressure-diagnosis-testing)
14. «Oil Leak Diagnosis»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__oil-leak-diagnosis)

Base Engine Misfire without Internal Engine Noises

Base Engine Misfire with Abnormal Internal Lower Engine Noises

Base Engine Misfire with Abnormal Valve Train Noise

Base Engine Misfire with Coolant Consumption

Base Engine Misfire with Excessive Oil Consumption

Engine Noise on Start-Up, but Only Lasting a Few Seconds

Upper Engine Noise, Regardless of Engine Speed

Lower Engine Noise, Regardless of Engine Speed

Engine Noise Under Load

Engine Will Not Crank - Crankshaft Will Not Rotate

Coolant in Combustion Chamber

Coolant in Engine Oil

Tools Required

J 39313 Spark Plug Port Adapter. See Special Tools .

A compression pressure test of the engine cylinders determines the condition of the rings, the valves and the head gasket.

Test Procedure

1. Run the engine until it reaches normal operating temperature. The battery must be at or near full charge.
2. Turn the engine OFF.
3. Disable the ignition.
4. Disable the fuel systems.
5. Remove the spark plugs from all cylinders.
6. Remove the air duct from the throttle body.
7. Block the throttle plate in open position.
8. Measure the engine compression, using the following procedure: Thread the J 39313 into the spark plug hole. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) . Thread the compression gage into the J 39313 . See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) . Have an assistant crank the engine through, at least four compression strokes, in the testing cylinder. Check and record the readings on the gage at each stroke. Remove the compression gage from the J 39313 . See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) . Remove the J 39313 from the spark plug hole. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) . Repeat the compression test for each cylinder.
9. Record the compression readings from all of the cylinders. The lowest reading should not be less than 70 percent of the highest reading. No cylinder reading should be less than 965 kPa (140 psi).
10. The following are examples of measurement problems: When the compression measurement is normal, the compression builds up quickly and evenly to specified compression on each cylinder When low compression is caused by the piston rings, compression is low on the first stroke and tends to build up on the following strokes, but does not reach normal. Compression improves considerably with the addition of oil. Use approximately three squirts of oil from a plunger-type oiler. When low compression is caused by the valves, the measurement is low on the first stroke and does not build up even with the addition of oil. Leaking head gaskets will provide the same results as worn valves but engine coolant may be identified in the crankcase. In addition, a leaking head gasket will give low readings on paired cylinders.
11. Remove the block from the throttle plate.
12. Install the air duct to the throttle body.
13. Install the spark plugs.
14. Install the Powertrain Control Module (PCM).
15. Install the ignition fuses to the IP fuse block.

Cylinder Leakage Test

Tools Required

1. J 35667-A Cylinder Head Leakdown Tester. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
2. J 39313 Spark Plug Port Adapter. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
3. J 44214 Flywheel Holder. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .

1. Disconnect the battery ground negative cable.
2. Remove the spark plugs. Refer to «Spark Plug Replacement»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/testing-diagnostics/#engine-control-system-fuel-system-46l-introduction-2-of-2) .
3. Rotate the crankshaft to place the piston in the cylinder being tested at Top Dead Center (TDC) of the compression stroke.
4. Install the J 39313 . See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
5. Install the J 35667-A or equivalent. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
6. Apply shop air pressure to the J 35667-A and adjust according to the manufacturers instructions. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
7. Record the cylinder leakage value. Cylinder leakage that exceeds 25 percent is considered excessive and may require component service. In excessive leakage situations, inspect for the following conditions: Air leakage sounds at the throttle body or air inlet hose that may indicate a worn or burnt intake valve or a broken valve spring. Air leakage sounds at the exhaust system tailpipe that may indicate a worn or burnt exhaust valve or a broken valve spring. Air leakage sounds from the crankcase, oil level indicator tube, or oil fill tube that may indicate worn piston rings, a damaged piston, a worn or scored cylinder bore, a damaged engine block or a damaged cylinder head. Air bubbles in the cooling system may indicate a damaged cylinder head or a damaged cylinder head gasket.
8. Perform the leakage test on the remaining cylinders and record the values.

Oil Consumption Diagnosis

Oil Pressure Diagnosis & Testing

Tools Required

1. J 21867 Pressure Gage. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
2. J 42907 Oil Pressure Tester. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .

Diagnosis & Testing Procedure

1. With the vehicle on a level surface, run the vehicle for a few minutes, allow adequate drain down time, 2-3 minutes, and measure the oil level.
2. If required, add the recommended grade engine oil and fill the crankcase until the oil level measures full on the oil level indicator.
3. Run the engine briefly, 10-15 seconds, and verify low or no oil pressure on the vehicle gage or light.
4. Listen for a noisy valve train or a knocking noise.
5. Inspect for the following conditions: Oil diluted by water or glycol antifreeze Foamy oil
6. Remove the oil filter.
7. Install the J 42907 onto the oil filter adapter. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
8. Install the 1/8 NPT fitting from the J 21867 into the port on the J 42907 . See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
9. Install the J 21867 flexible hose to the J 42907 . See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) .
10. Run the engine and measure the engine oil pressure.
11. Compare the readings to «Engine Mechanical Specifications (LD8)»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__engine-mechanical-specifications-ld8) or «Engine Mechanical Specifications (L37)»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__engine-mechanical-specifications-l37) .
12. If the engine oil pressure is below specifications, inspect the engine for 1 or more of the following conditions: Oil pump worn or dirty. Refer to «Oil Pump Replacement»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-2-of-5) , «Oil Pump Disassemble»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-4-of-5__oil-pump-disassemble) and «Oil Pump Cleaning and Inspection»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-4-of-5) . Oil pump-to-engine block bolts loose. Refer to «Oil Pump Replacement»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-2-of-5) . Oil pump screen loose, plugged, or damaged. Refer to «Oil Pump Suction Pipe and Screen Assembly Replacement»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-2-of-5) . Oil pump screen O-ring seal missing or damaged. Refer to «Oil Pump Suction Pipe and Screen Assembly Replacement»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-2-of-5) . Oil pump pressure relief valve malfunction. Refer to «Oil Pump Replacement»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-2-of-5) . Engine bearing clearance excessive. Refer to «Crankshaft and Bearing Cleaning and Inspection»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-4-of-5) , «Crankshaft and Bearing Installation»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-4-of-5) and «Piston, Connecting Rod, and Bearing Installation»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-4-of-5__piston-connecting-rod-bearing-installation) . Cracked, porous, or restricted oil galleries. Oil gallery plugs missing or incorrectly installed. Refer to «Engine Block Assemble - Upper»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-4-of-5__engine-block-assemble-upper) and «Cylinder Head Assemble»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-4-of-5__cylinder-head-assemble) . Valve lifters broken. Repair, as necessary. Refer to «Valve Lifter Replacement - Left Side»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-2-of-5) and/or «Valve Lifter Replacement - Right Side»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-2-of-5) and «Valve Lifters Cleaning and Inspection»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-4-of-5__valve-lifters-cleaning-inspection) . Crankshaft balancer bolt missing, loose or under-torqued.
13. If the oil pressure reading on the J 21867 , or equivalent, is within specifications, inspect for the following conditions. See «Special Tools»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-1-of-5__special-tools) . Plugged or incorrect oil filter and/or malfunctioning oil bypass valve. Refer to «Engine Oil and Oil Filter Replacement»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-3-of-5) . Malfunctioning oil pressure gage or sensor. Repair, as necessary. Refer to «Engine Oil Pressure Sensor and/or Switch Replacement»(/cadillac/dts/i-2005-2011/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-46l-2-of-5) .

Oil Leak Diagnosis

Crankcase Ventilation System Inspection/Diagnosis

Diagnostic Aids

1. A chirping or squeal noise may be intermittent due to moisture on the drive belts or the pulleys. It may be necessary to spray a small amount of water on the drive belts in order to duplicate the customers concern. If spraying water on the drive belt duplicates the symptom, cleaning the belt pulleys may be the probable solution.
2. If the noise is intermittent, verify the accessory drive components by varying their loads making sure they are operated to their maximum capacity. An overcharged A/C system, power steering system with a pinched hose or wrong fluid, or a generator failing are suggested items to inspect.
3. A chirping, squeal or whine noise may be caused by a loose or improper installation of a body or suspension component. Other items of the vehicle may also cause the noise.
4. The drive belts will not cause a whine noise.

Test Description

The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.

1. 2: The noise may not be engine related. This step is to verify that the engine is making the noise. If the engine is not making the noise do not proceed further with this table.
2. 3: The noise may be an internal engine noise. Removing the drive belts one at a time and operating the engine for a brief period will verify the noise is related to the drive belt. When removing the drive belt the water pump may not be operating and the engine may overheat. Also DTCs may set when the engine is operating with the drive belts removed.
3. 4: Inspect all drive belt pulleys for pilling. Pilling is the small balls or pills or it can be strings in the drive belt grooves from the accumulation of rubber dust.
4. 6: Misalignment of the pulleys may be caused from improper mounting of the accessory drive component, incorrect installation of the accessory drive component pulley, or the pulley bent inward or outward from a previous repair. Test for a misaligned pulley using a straight edge in the pulley grooves across two or three pulleys. If a misaligned pulley is found refer to that accessory drive component for the proper installation procedure for that pulley.
5. 10: Inspecting of the fasteners can eliminate the possibility that a wrong bolt, nut, spacer, or washer was installed.
6. 12: Inspecting the pulleys for being bent should include inspecting for a dent or other damage to the pulleys that would prevent the drive belt from not seating properly in all of the pulley grooves or on the smooth surface of a pulley when the back side of the belt is used to drive the pulley.
7. 14: This test is to verify that the drive belt tensioner operates properly. If the drive belt tensioner is not operating properly, proper belt tension may not be achieved to keep the drive belt from slipping which could cause a squeal noise.
8. 15: This test is to verify that the drive belt is not too long, which would prevent the drive belt tensioner from working properly. Also if an incorrect length drive belt was installed, it may not be routed properly and may be turning an accessory drive component in the wrong direction.
9. 16: Misalignment of the pulleys may be caused from improper mounting of the accessory drive component, incorrect installation of the accessory drive component pulley, or the pulley bent inward or outward from a previous repair. Test for a misaligned pulley using a straight edge in the pulley grooves across two or three pulleys. If a misaligned pulley is found refer to that accessory drive component for the proper installation procedure for that pulley.
10. 17: This test is to verify that the pulleys are the correct diameter or width. Using a known good vehicle compare the pulley sizes.
11. 19: Replacing the drive belt when it is not damaged or there is not excessive pilling will only be a temporary repair.

The accessory drive components can have an affect on engine vibration. Vibration from the engine operating may cause a body component or another part of the vehicle to make rumbling noise. Vibration can be caused by, but not limited to the A/C system over charged, the power steering system restricted or the incorrect fluid, or an extra load on the generator. To help identify an intermittent or an improper condition, vary the loads on the accessory drive components.

The drive belt may have a rumbling condition that can not be seen or felt. Sometimes replacing the drive belt may be the only repair for the symptom.

If replacing the drive belt, completing the diagnostic table, and the noise is only heard when the drive belts are installed, there might be an accessory drive component with a failure. Varying the load on the different accessory drive components may aid in identifying which component is causing the rumbling noise.

The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.

1. 2: This test is to verify that the symptom is present during diagnosing. Other vehicle components may cause a similar symptom.
2. 3: This test is to verify that one of the drive belts is causing the rumbling noise or vibration. Rumbling noise may be confused with an internal engine noise due to the similarity in the description. Remove only one drive belt at a time if the vehicle has multiple drive belts. When removing the drive belts the water pump may not be operating and the engine may overheat. Also DTCs may set when the engine is operating with the drive belts removed.
3. 4: Inspecting the drive belts is to ensure that they are not causing the noise. Small cracks across the ribs of the drive belt will not cause the noise. Belt separation is identified by the plys of the belt separating and may be seen at the edge of the belt our felt as a lump in the belt.
4. 5: Small amounts of pilling is normal condition and acceptable. When the pilling is severe the drive belt does not have a smooth surface for proper operation.
5. 9: Inspecting of the fasteners can eliminate the possibility that the wrong bolt, nut, spacer, or washer was installed.
6. 11: This step should only be performed if the water pump is driven by the drive belt. Inspect the water pump shaft for being bent. Also inspect the water pump bearings for smooth operation and excessive play. Compare the water pump with a known good water pump.
7. 12: Accessory drive component brackets that are bent, cracked, or loose may put extra strain on that accessory component causing it to vibrate.

If the drive belt repeatedly falls off the drive belt pulleys, this is because of pulley misalignment.

An extra load that is quickly applied on released by an accessory drive component may cause the drive belt to fall off the pulleys. Verify the accessory drive components operate properly.

If the drive belt is the incorrect length, the drive belt tensioner may not keep the proper tension on the drive belt.

Excessive wear on a drive belt is usually caused by an incorrect installation or the wrong drive belt for the application.

Minor misalignment of the drive belt pulleys will not cause excessive wear, but will probably cause the drive belt to make a noise or to fall off.

Excessive misalignment of the drive belt pulleys will cause excessive wear but may also make the drive belt fall off.

The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.

1. 2: This inspection is to verify the condition of the drive belt. Damage may of occurred to the drive belt when the drive belt fell off. The drive belt may of been damaged, which caused the drive belt to fall off. Inspect the belt for cuts, tears, sections of ribs missing, or damaged belt plys.
2. 4: Misalignment of the pulleys may be caused from improper mounting of the accessory drive component, incorrect installation of the accessory drive component pulley, or the pulley bent inward or outward from a previous repair. Test for a misaligned pulley using a straight edge in the pulley grooves across two or three pulleys. If a misaligned pulley is found refer to that accessory drive component for the proper installation procedure of that pulley.
3. 5: Inspecting the pulleys for being bent should include inspecting for a dent or other damage to the pulleys that would prevent the drive belt from not seating properly in all of the pulley grooves or on the smooth surface of a pulley when the back side of the belt is used to drive the pulley.
4. 6: Accessory drive component brackets that are bent or cracked will let the drive belt fall off.
5. 7: Inspecting of the fasteners can eliminate the possibility that a wrong bolt, nut, spacer, or washer was installed. Missing. loose, or the wrong fasteners may cause pulley misalignment from the bracket moving under load. Over tightening of the fasteners may cause misalignment of the accessory component bracket.
6. 13: The inspection is to verify the drive belt is correctly installed on all of the drive belt pulleys. Wear on the drive belt may be caused by mis-positioning the drive belt by one groove on a pulley.
7. 14: The installation of a drive belt that is two wide or two narrow will cause wear on the drive belt. The drive belt ribs should match all of the grooves on all of the pulleys.
8. 15: This inspection is to verify the drive belt is not contacting any parts of the engine or body while the engine is operating. There should be sufficient clearance when the drive belt accessory drive components load varies. The drive belt should not come in contact with an engine or a body component when snapping the throttle.

Drive Belt Tensioner Diagnosis

Scheme 38

A crankcase ventilation system is used to consume crankcase vapors created during the combustion process instead of venting them to the atmosphere.

Fresh air is supplied through a filter to the crankcase, the crankcase mixes the fresh air with the blow-by gases and then passed through a positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) orificed tube into the intake manifold.

The PCV orificed tube restricts the flow rate of the blow-by gases using a 3 mm (0.118 in) (a) orifice located at the end of the tube. If abnormal operating conditions arise, the system is designed to allow excessive amounts of blow-by gases to back flow through the crankcase vent tube into the throttle body in order to be consumed by normal combustion.

Drive Belt System Description

The drive belt system consists of the following components

1. The drive belt
2. The drive belt tensioner
3. The drive belt idler pulley
4. The crankshaft balancer pulley
5. The accessory drive component mounting brackets
6. The accessory drive components The power steering pump, if belt driven The generator The A/C compressor, if equipped The engine cooling fan, if belt driven The water pump, if belt driven The vacuum pump, if equipped The air compressor, if equipped

The drive belt system may use 1 belt or 2 belts. The drive belt is thin so that it can bend backwards and has several ribs to match the grooves in the pulleys. The drive belts are made of different types of rubbers, chloroprene or EPDM, and have different layers or plys containing either fiber cloth or cords for reinforcement.

Both sides of the drive belt may be used to drive the different accessory drive components. When the back side of the drive belt is used to drive a pulley, the pulley is smooth.

The drive belt is pulled by the crankshaft balancer pulley across the accessory drive component pulleys. The spring loaded drive belt tensioner keeps constant tension on the drive belt to prevent the drive belt from slipping. The drive belt tensioner arm will move when loads are applied to the drive belt by the accessory drive components and the crankshaft.

The drive belt system may have an idler pulley, which is used to add wrap to the adjacent pulleys. Some systems use an idler pulley in place of an accessory drive component when the vehicle is not equipped with the accessory.

Scheme 39

The Northstar V8 VIN Code 9 or Y is a 4.6L (279 cu in) engine incorporating 2 intake and 2 exhaust valves per cylinder with individual cylinder head mounted camshafts for intake and exhaust functions (DOHC). The cylinder bore diameter is 93 mm (3.43 in) and the piston stroke is 84 mm (3.31 in). The cylinders are arranged in 2 banks of 4 with a 90 degrees included angle. The left (front) bank of cylinders are number 2-4-6-8 and the right (rear) bank cylinders are 1-3-5-7. Engine firing order is 1-2-7-3-4-5-6-8.

Crankcase

The cylinder block is constructed of aluminum alloy by the die casting method and is constructed of 2 sections, an upper and a lower crankcase, split at the crankshaft center line. The grey cast iron cylinder liners are cast with the upper crankcase. The upper and lower crankcase sections are held in alignment by 4 dowel pins. Once machined, the sections must be kept together as a set. Sealing between the crankcase halves consists of a silicone rubber seal and a bead of anaerobic sealant along each side. Since the lower crankcase contains the lower main bearings, this casting adds to the structural rigidity of the engine assembly. Both upper and lower crankcases incorporate oil drain back passages isolated from the crankcase. These passages provide a direct path from the cylinder heads to the oil pan in order to prevent the needless aeration of the oil through contact with the rotating components.

Crankshaft

All designs use 5 main bearings. Crankshaft thrust is taken by the number three main bearing. The position sensor, also known as the reluctor wheel, is cast integrally with the crankshaft. The crankshaft is internally balanced and incorporates a one piece rear seal. A rolled fillet radius is incorporated on all bearing journals to improve fatigue strength.

Connecting Rods & Pistons

The connecting rod piston pin bore has an approximately 23 mm (0.906 in) diameter. The piston pin has an approximately 23 mm (0.906 in) diameter. The piston pin bore has an approximately 23 mm (0.906 in) diameter. The connecting rods are forged steel and have full floating piston pins. These pins are slip fit in the bronze bushed rods and are retained in the piston by round wire retainers. The cast aluminum pistons use 2 low tension compression rings and one multi-piece oil ring. The top compression ring is nitrided steel. The second compression ring is coated cast iron. The oil ring is a 3 piece side seal type ring which incorporates a steel expander and 2 chrome plated steel rails. The piston also incorporates a new anti-friction, anti-scuffing, protective coating applied to the skirt of the piston.

Camshaft Drive System

The 4 overhead camshafts are driven by 3 separate fine pitch chains. The primary drive chain connects the crankshaft with the intermediate shaft and sprocket located directly above the crankshaft behind the engine front cover. Each camshaft drive chain connects the intermediate sprocket with both intake and exhaust cams in the cylinder head. Two camshaft drive chains are used; one for each cylinder head. Each of the chains incorporates a hydraulic tensioner to minimize chain noise and provide accurate valve action by keeping slack out of the chain and continuously adjusting for chain wear. This is accomplished by providing engine oil pressure to each tensioner forcing a nylon pad into mesh with the slack side of the chain. As the chain stretches from wear, a ratchet mechanism inside the tensioner prevents the nylon pad from retracting when the engine is turned off and engine oil pressure ceases.

Cylinder Heads

The cylinder heads are semi permanent mold cast aluminum with powdered metal valve seat inserts and valve guides. Two 36.2 mm (1.425 in) intake valves and two 29 mm (1.141 in) exhaust valves are actuated by roller finger followers pivoting on a stationary hydraulic lash adjuster (SHLA). Separate intake and exhaust camshafts are supported by 5 bearings machined into the cylinder head with camshaft thrust taken by the first bearing (the left hand intake cam has an additional bearing to accommodate the water pump drive). The combustion chamber is roughly in the shape of a clover leaf with a nominal volume of 56.5 cc (3.448 cubic inch) and a centrally located spark plug.

Engine Cooling System

The left hand cylinder head intake camshaft extends outside the left hand cam cover providing drive mechanism for the coolant pump. A removable one piece lip seal prevents oil leakage around the camshaft. A drive pulley is pressed onto the end of the camshaft and provides drive for the engine coolant pump using a small multi rib drive belt and tensioner mechanism. The coolant pump assembly is located inside the water crossover casting. The water crossover distributes coolant to the cylinder block and collects it from the cylinder head for delivery to the radiator. The water crossover also provides important functions for the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system.

Induction System

The induction manifold is a plastic, lost core casting with a removable plastic sight shield cover.

Right & Left Bank Designation

Right hand (RH) and left hand (LH) designations through the engine mechanical On-Vehicle Service section are viewed from the rear of the engine, left side of the vehicle. In certain cases where a location with respect to the vehicle is required, it will be referred to as right side or left side as viewed from inside the vehicle.

New Product Information

The purpose of New Product Information is to highlight or indicate important changes from the previous model year.

Changes may include one or more of the following items

1. Torque values and/or fastener tightening strategies
2. Changed engine specifications
3. New sealants and/or adhesives
4. Disassembly and assembly procedure revisions
5. Engine mechanical diagnostic procedure revisions
6. New special tools required
7. A component comparison from the previous year

Torque Values & Fastener Tightening Strategies

There are no engine mechanical fastener tightening specification changes for 2007.

Changed Engine Specifications

There are no changes to the engine specifications for 2007.

New Sealants & Adhesives

There are no sealant and/or adhesive changes for 2007.

Disassembly & Assembly Procedure Revisions

There are no disassembly and assembly procedure changes for 2007.

Engine Mechanical Diagnostic Procedure Revisions

There are no revisions to the engine mechanical diagnostic procedures for 2007.

New Special Tools Required

There is a new special tool required for 2007.

A sealant applicator tool EN-48072 is being used prior to installation of the crankshaft rear oil seal. See Special Tools .

A Component Comparison from the Previous Year

There are no component changes for 2007.

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The cast aluminum oil pan is used as a structural member of the powertrain by connecting the pan and the transaxle case together with a bracket. The oil pan incorporates riveted internal oil baffle plates and seals to the lower crankcase with an O-ring gasket. The oil pan also provides mounting for an oil level sensor.

The oil sump pickup is fastened to the lower crankcase and oil manifold by a bolt and nut to one stud-headed main bearing bolt. A silicone seal, integral to the oil manifold, seals this joint on the suction side of the oil system. The engine oil pump is a gerotor design mounted to the lower crankcase behind the engine front cover by three mounting bolts. Drive for the gerotor elements is provided by the clamp load of the harmonic dampener and bolt. As the pump rotates, oil is drawn from the sump through the sump pickup to a channel cast into the lower crankcase. The oil is then directed to the pump inlet cavity on the lower crankcase front face. Oil compressed by the pump re-enters the lower crankcase distribution channel through the pump outlet cavity opposite the inlet. A portion of the pump output is diverted via an internal passage to the oil pump inlet to provide a pressure seal at the crankcase interface.

The oil pump outlet channel in the lower crankcase routes the oil to the oil filter/cooler circuit connections on the (front/left) side of the lower crankcase.

The cast aluminum oil filter adapter is fastened to the crankcase with 3 bolts. The inlet and return passages are sealed with a common gasket. The adapter contains the oil pressure switch and two non-serviceable bypass valves. The oil filter bypass valve routes oil directly from the filter inlet to the filter outlet if the filter becomes plugged.

During normal operation oil flows from the adapter inlet through the oil filter. At this point oil flow is controlled by the oil cooler valve. This valve is closed when below its calibrated value and directs the oil filter output to the oil cooler located in the left hand radiator tank. Above the calibrated value the valve unseats and allows some of the oil to bypass the cooler and flow directly to the adapters return passage. Filtered and cooled oil re-enters the crankcase distribution channels and is simultaneously directed to the main bearings. Cross drilled passages in the crankshaft in turn provide oil for the connecting rod bearings and provide splash oiling for the cylinder walls. The lower crankcase distribution channel also connects with passages in the upper crankcase to provide oil to the overhead camshafts and valve lifters. This passage, beside the number one bearing, also provides oil for the three hydraulic chain tensioners as well as lubrication for the cam drive intermediate shaft ultimately lubricating the cam chains via oil splash.

Designed into the upper crankcase behind the camshaft drive intermediate shaft is a chamber that feeds two passages in the upper crankcase. Each passage directs oil flow up to the cylinder block deck through the cylinder head gasket and into each cylinder head. The cylinder head passage connects with a cross drilled passage that feeds two valvetrain oiling passages that run the length of the cylinder head. Each valvetrain passage delivers oil to each set of exhaust and intake camshaft bearing journals in addition to the corresponding stationary hydraulic lifter assemblies (SHLAs).

Oil returns to the sump either through the cam chain area or by way of cast oil drain back passages on the outside walls of the cylinder heads, upper and lower crankcases and oil pan. The lubrication system also includes a baffle, attached by the main bearing bolts, and channels oil thrown from the crankshaft back into the oil sump.

Cleanliness & Care

An automobile engine is a combination of many of the following surfaces

1. Machined
2. Honed
3. Polished
4. Lapped

The tolerances of these surfaces are measured in the ten-thousandths of an inch. When you service any internal engine part, cleanliness and care are important. Apply a liberal coating of engine oil to the friction areas during assembly in order to protect and lubricate the surfaces on initial operation. Throughout this section, practice proper cleaning and protection procedures to the machined surfaces and to the friction areas.

Note. Engine damage may result if an abrasive paper, pad, or motorized wire brush is used to clean any engine gasket surfaces.

Whenever you remove the valve train components, keep the components in order. Follow this procedure in order to install the components in the same locations and with the same mating surfaces as when removed.

Disconnect the negative battery cables before you perform any major work on the engine.

Separating Parts

In addition to the room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) sealant's sealing capabilities, the RTV sealants may form an adhesive bond between the components. This may make the components difficult to remove or to separate. If possible, bump the components sideways rather than using prying tools in order to remove the components. This technique prevents damage when the bonding strength of the RTV sealant is stronger than the component itself. Perform bumping at the bends or at the reinforced areas in order to prevent part distortion.

Gasket Reuse & Applying Sealant

1. Do not reuse any gasket unless specified.
2. Gaskets that can be reused will be identified in the service procedure.
3. Do not apply sealant to any gasket or sealing surface unless specified in the service procedure.

Separating Components

1. Use a rubber mallet in order to separate the components.
2. Bump the part sideways in order to loosen the components.
3. Bumping of the component should be done at bends or reinforced areas of the component to prevent distortion of the components.

Cleaning Gasket Surfaces

1. Use care to avoid gouging or scraping the sealing surfaces.
2. Use a plastic or wood scraper in order to remove all the sealant from the components. Do not use any other method or technique to remove the sealant or the gasket material from a part.
3. Do not use abrasive pads, sand paper, or power tools to clean the gasket surfaces. These methods of cleaning can cause damage to the component sealing surfaces. Abrasive pads also produce a fine grit that the oil filter cannot remove from the engine oil. This fine grit is an abrasive and can cause internal engine damage.

Assembling Components

1. Assemble components using only the sealant (or equivalent) that is specified in the service procedure.
2. Sealing surfaces must be clean and free of debris or oil.
3. Specific components such as crankshaft oil seals or valve stem oil seals may require lubrication during assembly.
4. Components requiring lubrication will be identified in the service procedure.
5. Apply only the amount of sealant specified in the service procedure to a component.
6. Do not allow the sealant to enter into any blind threaded holes, as the sealant may prevent the fastener from clamping properly or cause component damage when tightened.
7. Tighten the fasteners to the proper specifications.

Sealant Types

The following 2 major types of sealant are commonly used in engines

1. Anaerobic sealant room temperature vulcanizing (RTV)
2. Anaerobic sealant, which include the following: Gasket eliminator Pipe Threadlock

Anaerobic Type Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV) Sealant

Anaerobic type room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) sealant cures in the absence of air. This type of sealant is used where 2 components, such as the intake manifold and the engine block, are assembled together.

Use the following information when using RTV sealant

1. Do not use RTV sealant in areas where extreme temperatures are expected. These areas include: The exhaust manifold The head gasket Any other surfaces where a different type of sealant is specified in the service procedure
2. Always follow all the safety recommendations and the directions that are on the RTV sealant container.
3. Use a plastic or wood scraper in order to remove all the RTV sealant from the components.
4. The surfaces to be sealed must be clean and dry.
5. Use a RTV sealant bead size as specified in the service procedure.
6. Apply the RTV sealant bead to the inside of any bolt holes areas.
7. Assemble the components while the RTV sealant is still wet to the touch, within 3 minutes.
8. Tighten the fasteners in sequence, if specified, and to the proper torque specifications.

Anaerobic Type Gasket Eliminator Sealant

Anaerobic type gasket eliminator sealant cures in the absence of air. This type of sealant is used where 2 rigid parts, such as castings, are assembled together. When 2 rigid parts are disassembled and no sealant or gasket is readily noticeable, then the 2 parts were probably assembled using an anaerobic type gasket eliminator sealant.

Use the following information when using gasket eliminator sealant

1. Always follow all the safety recommendations and directions that are on the gasket eliminator sealant container.
2. Apply a continuous bead of gasket eliminator sealant to one flange. The surfaces to be sealed must be clean and dry.

Note. Do not allow the sealant to enter a blind hole. The sealant may prevent the fastener from achieving proper clamp load, cause component damage when the fastener is tightened, or lead to component failure.

Anaerobic Type Threadlock Sealant

Anaerobic type threadlock sealant cures in the absence of air. This type of sealant is used for threadlocking and sealing of bolts, fittings, nuts, and studs. This type of sealant cures only when confined between 2 close fitting metal surfaces.

Use the following information when using threadlock sealant

1. Always follow all safety recommendations and directions that are on the threadlock sealant container.
2. The threaded surfaces to be sealed must be clean and dry.
3. Apply the threadlock sealant as specified on the threadlock sealant container.
4. Tighten the fasteners in sequence, if specified, and to the proper torque specifications.

Anaerobic Type Pipe Sealant

Anaerobic type pipe sealant cures in the absence of air and remains pliable when cured. This type of sealant is used where 2 parts are assembled together and require a leak proof joint.

Use the following information when using pipe sealant

1. Do not use pipe sealant in areas where extreme temperatures are expected. These areas include: The exhaust manifold The head gasket Surfaces where a different sealant is specified
2. Always follow all the safety recommendations and the directions that are on the pipe sealant container.
3. The surfaces to be sealed must be clean and dry.
4. Use a pipe sealant bead of the size or quantity as specified in the service procedure.
5. Apply the pipe sealant bead to the inside of any bolt hole areas.
6. Apply a continuous bead of pipe sealant to one sealing surface.
7. Tighten the fasteners in sequence, if specified, and to the proper torque specifications.

Tools & Equipment

1. Special tools are listed and illustrated throughout this section, with a complete listing at the end of the section. These tools, or their equivalents, are designed to quickly and safely accomplish the operations for which they are intended. The use of these special tools also minimize possible damage to engine components. Some precision measuring tools are required for inspection of certain critical components. Torque wrenches and a torque angle meter are necessary for the proper tightening of various fasteners.
2. To properly service the engine assembly, the following items should be readily available: Approved eye protection and safety gloves A clean, well-lit, work area A suitable component cleaning tank A compressed air supply Trays or storage containers to keep components and fasteners organized An adequate set of hand tools Approved engine repair stand An approved engine lifting device that adequately supports the weight of the components

Special Tools

Illustration Tool Number/Description EN 46109 Guide Pins EN 46327 Timing Chain Retention Tool EN 46745 Piston Pin Clip Remover/Installer EN 47701 Piston Ring Compressor EN 48072 Sealant Applicator GE 48326 Sealant Dispenser J 7872 Magnetic Base Dial Indicator J 8001 Dial Indicator Set J 8062 Valve Spring Compressor - Head Off J 8087 Cylinder Bore Gage J 8358 Carbon Removal Brush J 21867 Pressure Gage J 22738-B Valve Spring Tester J 28410 Gasket Remover J 28428-E High Intensity Black Light Kit J 28467-B Universal Engine Support Fixture J 28467-501 Engine Support Fixture Adapters J 35667-A Cylinder Head Leakdown Tester J 37097-A Heater Hose Clamp Tool J 38185 Hose Clamp Pliers J 38416-2 Crankshaft Button J 38820 Valve Stem Seal Installer J 38821 Valve Spring Compressor Adapter J 38823 Water Pump Pulley Installer J 38825 Power Steering and Water Pump Pulley Remover J 39313 Spark Plug Port Adapter J 39580 Power Pack Stand Engine and Transaxle Assembly Support Remove/Installer J 39946 Crankshaft Socket - 4.0L and 4.6L J 41623-B Cooler Quick Connect Tool J 41816 Crankshaft Balancer Remover J 41998-B Crankshaft Balancer Installer J 42385-2000 Thread Insert Kit J 42385-2030 M11 x 2.0 Cylinder Head Bolt - Northstar/Premium V8 Thread Repair Kit J 42640 Steering Column Anti-rotation Pin J 42841-A Rear Oil Seal Remover J 42907 Oil Pressure Tester J 43059-A Valve Retainer Remover/Installer J 43690 Rod Bearing Clearance Checking Tool J 43690-100 Rod Bearing Clearance Checking Tool - Adapter Kit J 43965 Thread Repair Extension Kit J 44211 On-Vehicle Valve Spring Compressor J 44212 Camshaft Holding Tool J 44214 Flywheel Holder J 45059 Angle Meter J 45299 Engine Preluber J 45930-A Crankshaft Rear Oil Seal Installer

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See also:
• Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle
• Strategy Based Diagnosis
• Checking Aftermarket Accessories
• Drive Belt Replacement
• Engine Flywheel Replacement
• Crankshaft Balancer Replacement
• Diagnostic Starting Point - Engine Cooling
• Spark Plug Inspection
• Symptoms - Engine Controls
• Cylinder Head Cleaning and Inspection
• Cylinder Head Replacement - Left Side
• Cylinder Head Replacement - Right Side
• Engine Replacement
• Water Crossover Removal
• Water Crossover Cleaning and Inspection
• Water Crossover Installation
• Battery Disconnect Caution
• Spark Plug Replacement
• Oil Pump Disassemble
• Piston, Connecting Rod, and Bearing Installation
• Engine Block Assemble - Upper
• Cylinder Head Assemble
• Valve Lifters Cleaning and Inspection
• Engine Oil and Oil Filter Replacement
• Belt Dressing Notice
• Fastener Notice
• Vibration Analysis - Engine
• Water Pump Replacement
• Disassembled Views
• Drive Belt System Description
• New Product Information
• Base Engine Misfire without Internal Engine Noises
• Base Engine Misfire with Abnormal Internal Lower Engine Noises
• Base Engine Misfire with Abnormal Valve Train Noise
• Base Engine Misfire with Coolant Consumption
• Base Engine Misfire with Excessive Oil Consumption
• Engine Noise on Start-Up, but Only Lasting a Few Seconds
• Upper Engine Noise, Regardless of Engine Speed
• Lower Engine Noise, Regardless of Engine Speed
• Engine Noise Under Load
• Engine Will Not Crank - Crankshaft Will Not Rotate
• Oil Consumption Diagnosis
• Oil Pressure Diagnosis and Testing
• Oil Leak Diagnosis
• Cylinder Leakage Test
• Special Tools
• Engine Mechanical Specifications (LD8)
• Engine Mechanical Specifications (L37)
• Fastener Tightening Specifications
• Drive Belt Tensioner Diagnosis