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Scheme 5
Circuit/System Description
B218R Side Object Sensor Module - Right communicates on a private communication data bus with the B218L Side Object Sensor Module - Left. The B218L Side Object Sensor Module - Left is the master and can set this code if the B218R Side Object Sensor Module - Right determines it has an internal fault. DTC U18A6 will set if the left module is unable to communicate with the right side module.
The object sensors are 3-wire sensors that are used to determine the distance between the vehicle and an object of interest. The parking assist control module supplies 8 V to the object sensors via the 8 V reference circuit and provides ground via the low reference circuit. The parking assist control module triggers the sensors in a sequential loop. After each sensor transmits, the parking assist control module uses the sensor echo received through the signal circuit to calculate the distance and position of an object.
The parking assist can be enabled/disabled by pressing the parking assist switch. If the parking assist is enabled, engaging the reverse gear activates the park assist feature. By subsequently pressing the parking assist switch the parking assist can be disabled again. The indicator in the parking assist switch shows the status of the parking assist. If the lamp is ON, parking assist is activated.
The parking assist feature is enabled by the parking assist switch pulling the signal circuit from the front and rear parking assist control module to ground. The LED is illuminated by the front and rear parking assist control module providing the ground to the LED.
The lane departure warning is enabled and disabled through a switch located in the left steering wheel controls switch. When enabled, the frontview camera module will illuminate the indicator located in the switch.
The front view camera module permanently monitors the serial data bus for error messages. When a malfunction is detected by the front view camera module, the system will be disabled and an error message will be stored in the front view camera module disable history buffer which is used to store information about the front camera features that are disabled.
When the ignition is turned ON, the parking assist control module and the frontview camera module receives the vehicle identification number (VIN) from the body control module. The modules will compare the VIN received to the VIN stored in memory.
The side detection system uses two modules B218L Side Object Sensor Module - Left and B218R Side Object Sensor Module - Right. The left module is the master and is on the vehicle's serial data bus and communicates to the right module on a private bus. The internal fault detection is handled inside the B218L Side Object Sensor Module - Left. No external circuit diagnosis is involved.
When the vehicle is placed in reverse with the engine running, a voltage signal is sent to the rearview camera to turn on and send a video signal to the Human Machine Interface Control Module. If the Human Machine Interface Control Module does not see a signal from the camera it will set B127B 2B and display "Service Rear Vision System".
The object sensors are 3-wire sensors that are used to determine the distance between the vehicle and an object of interest. The parking assist control module supplies 8 V to the object sensors via the object sensor supply voltage circuit and provides ground via the object sensor low reference circuit. The parking assist control module triggers the sensors in a sequential loop. After each sensor transmits, the parking assist control module uses the sensor echo received through the object sensor signal circuit to calculate the distance and position of an object.
The haptic seats, also known as Active Safety Seats, provide a vibration to alert the driver in certain circumstances. There are two motors in the driver's seat cushion. Either the right or left motor can run or both depending on the alert. The K40D Seat Memory Control Module - Driver provides the output voltage for the motors. The K40D Seat Memory Control Module - Driver receives serial data requests from other modules to activate the appropriate seat motors with the number of pulses requested. While the motors are activated, the K40D Seat Memory Control Module - Driver checks for either shorts to voltage or shorts to ground. Due to the nature of the PWM signal, if a motor circuit is open, it may be reported as either a short to voltage or short to ground.
The Vehicle Direction Warning Switch DTC detects a short to ground on the circuit that contains the lane departure warning and forward collision setting switches. The lane departure warning feature is enabled and disabled through the lane departure switch located in the left steering wheel controls switch. When enabled, the frontview camera module will illuminate the indicator located in the switch. The forward collision alert distance is adjustable using the forward collision switch located in the left steering wheel controls switch. The setting is shown in the driver information center.
The cruise control vehicle distance sensor module is constantly sending a serial data message to the engine control module requesting engine speed or torque reduction. The engine control module sets DTC P15F6 when it detects a discrepancy in the structure of the message causing the integrity of the message to be questioned. An intermittent fault in the serial data circuits will cause the engine control module to set DTC P15F6.
The rear parking assist control module is constantly sending a serial data message to the engine control module requesting engine speed or torque reduction. The engine control module sets DTC P15F7 when it detects a discrepancy in the structure of the message causing the integrity of the message to be questioned. An intermittent fault in the serial data circuits will cause the engine control module to set DTC P15F7.
The forward collision alert system is controlled by the front view camera module mounted on the windshield. The system is designed to detect vehicles directly ahead, within a distance of approximately 60 meters (197 feet). The forward collision alert system operates at speeds above 40 km/h (25 mph). When the system detects a vehicle in the path ahead, the green vehicle ahead alert indicator in the driver information center and/or head up display is illuminated. Refer to owner's manual for exact location of the vehicle ahead indicator. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash and the radio will beep or the haptic seat will pulse (if equipped), depending on user configuration. The red collision alert display will stay continuously illuminated if the vehicle ahead remains much too close. These actions are requested by the front view camera module via serial data. The forward collision alert switch is part of the left steering wheel controls and is used to adjust the timing sensitivity of the front collision alert system.
The ultrasonic parking assist system is designed to identify and notify the driver of an object in the vehicle's path when moving reverse at speeds of less than 8 km/h (5 MPH). The distance and location of the object is determined by 4 object sensors, located in the rear bumper. The parking assist system will notify the driver using an audible signal through the radio.
When the transmission is placed into REVERSE, a 12 V signal is sent to the rearview camera indicating that camera operation is requested. Ignition voltage and ground are supplied to the rearview camera. The rearview camera sends video information to the radio through a video signal + and a video signal - circuit. A grounded shielding also wraps the video signal circuits to reduce electronic interference which may degrade the video signal and cause a distorted or otherwise degraded image.
The side object sensor modules are located on each side of the vehicle behind the rear fascia and are not directly visible from outside the vehicle. The sensors use radar to determine the presence of objects nearby. The left side object sensor is the master that communicates on serial data. There is a private communication network between the left and right sensors. The scan tool can communicate only with the left sensor.
Side blind zone alert is active when the vehicle is out of park or the parking brake is off on manual transmission vehicles. If a vehicle is detected in the side blind zone, the warning symbols will turn illuminate on the appropriate side. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions.
When an object is detected in the left side blind zone, the side object sensor module sends a message to the right sensor through serial data. The right sensor then supplies voltage to illuminate the visual indicator on the left side outside rear view mirror. When an object is detected in the right side blind zone, the right side object sensor will supply a voltage to illuminate the visual indicator on the right side outside rear view mirror. Each sensor is supplied B+ and ground. Ground is provided through the outside rearview mirror harness.
The lane departure warning system is enabled and disabled through the lane departure switch. When enabled, the lane departure warning indicator will illuminate. The switch and indicator are connected to the Frontview Camera Module. The Frontview Camera Module supplies a reference voltage to the lane departure switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is grounded. When enabled, the Frontview Camera Module will illuminate the indicator located in the switch when lane departure warning system is enabled.
When the system is operating and can detect the lane markings, the front view camera module will request via serial data communications that the instrument cluster illuminates the green lane departure ready-to-assist indicator. If the front view camera module detects that the vehicle unintentionally crosses a lane marking without the turn signal being used, the module will request the vehicle direction display to flash the amber lane departure warning indicator. An audible warning will also sound three times when the amber lane departure warning indicator in the vehicle direction display is flashing.
Object Detection Description and Operation (with Front and Rear Park Assist, UD5)
The parking assist system is designed to identify and notify the driver of an object in the vehicle path when moving forward or reversing at speeds of less than 8 km/h (5 MPH). The distance and location of the object is determined by 8 object sensors: 4 located in the rear bumper and 4 located in the front bumper. The parking assist system will notify the driver using an audible beep signal through the radio.
The parking assist system is made up of the following components
- Advanced parking assist control module
- Front object alarm sensors
- Rear object alarm sensors
- Parking assist switch
- Parking assist switch indicator
Advanced Parking Assist Control Module
The advanced parking assist control module provides a reference voltage and a low reference to the 8 object alarm sensors. The advanced parking assist control module receives individual signals from each of the 8 sensors and determines the location and distance of an object based on these inputs. When an object is detected, the advanced parking assist control module will send a data message via CAN-Bus to the radio requesting an audible alert.
Object Alarm Sensors
The object alarm sensors are located in the front and rear bumpers of the vehicle. The sensors are used to determine the distance between an object and the bumper. Each sensor emits an ultrasonic frequency which is reflected off any object located in front of or behind the vehicle. These reflections are received by the sensors. The time difference between the emission of the frequency and when the reflection is received is known as sensor echo time, it is used to determine the distance to the object. The sensors report this information to the advanced parking assist control module.
Parking Assist Switch
The parking assist can be activated and deactivated by pressing the parking assist switch. By engaging the reverse gear the parking assist can also be activated. By subsequently pressing the parking assist switch the parking assist can be disabled again.
Parking Assist Switch Indicator
The indicator in the parking assist switch shows the status of the parking assist. If the lamp is ON, the parking assist is activated.
Parking Assist Operation
When an object is within the measuring range of the sensor, the ultrasonic pulse is reflected and is received by the sending or a neighboring sensor. The sensor converts this signal into a voltage signal and sends this signal to the parking assist control module. The advanced parking assist control module evaluates the received sensor signals. As soon as an object is within the measuring range, the advanced parking assist control module sends a message via CAN-Bus to the radio in order to give out the acoustic distance signal.
The parking assist system can detect objects greater than 7.6 cm (3 in) wide and 25.4 cm (10 in) tall. The system cannot detect objects below the bumper, underneath the vehicle. If an object is detected, one of the following will occur
- The measuring range of the front object alarm sensors is between 30-120 cm (11.8-47.2 in). From a distance of 120 cm (47.2 in), the acoustic signal is active. The frequency of the beep sound increases with decreasing distance. From a distance less than 30 cm (11.8 in), the sound becomes continuous.
- The measuring range of the rear object alarm sensors is between 30-250 cm (11.8-98.4 in). From a distance of 250 cm (98.4 in), the acoustic signal is active. The frequency of the beep sound increases with decreasing distance. From a distance less than 30 cm (11.8 in), the sound becomes continuous.
The parking assist can be activated and deactivated by pressing the parking assist switch. When REVERSE gear is selected, park assist automatically is engaged for both front and rear sensors. When the vehicle is put into DRIVE from REVERSE the front assist sensors will be active up to speeds of 8 km/h (5 MPH) to assist with parking maneuvers. Once the vehicle is above 8 km/h (5 MPH) the front sensors are disabled and will not be re-enabled until either REVERSE gear is selected or the parking assist switch is pressed to activate the system. Once the parking assist switch is pressed during a key cycle the front sensors become active at speeds under 8 km/h (5 MPH). If the park assist switch is pressed again in the same key cycle the message "Park Assist Off" will be displayed in the driver information center if the vehicle speed is under 8 km/h (5 MPH) and front sensors detect an object within 120 cm (47.2 in). The LED indicator on the parking assist switch provides the ON/OFF state of the system. If the indicator is ON, the system is active and ready to assist.
The advanced parking assist control module carries out a self test and monitors the sensors for electrical and mechanical faults. Monitored is the power supply of each sensor and the sensor signals, which need to alter when the vehicle moves. If this is not the case, the sensor is acoustically blocked or faulty. Mud, ice and snow may cause obstruction of the function of the sensors. Besides that the advanced parking assist control module checks whether the correct type of sensor is installed. If any of these tests fails, a DTC with corresponding symptom is set, the parking assist is deactivated and the parking assist indicator in the instrument panel cluster is activated.
Rear Vision Camera System Operation
The rear vision camera system consists of a video camera located at the rear of the vehicle and the navigation radio.
When the transmission is placed into REVERSE, a 12 volt signal is sent to the rear vision camera by the body control module (BCM). This signal indicates to the camera that the vehicle is in reverse and image display is requested. The rear vision camera receives ignition voltage and a constant ground to power the camera. Video signal + and video signal - circuits carry the video image from the rear vision camera to the navigation radio. Additionally, the video signal circuits are shielded to prevent any interference which may lead to a loss of video signal resolution and a degraded video image. The shield is provided a ground path by the rear vision camera.
The following conditions may cause a degraded rear vision camera image
- Ice, snow, or mud has built up on the rear vision camera
- Dark conditions
- Extreme light conditions, such as glare from the sun or the headlights of another vehicle
- Damage to the rear of the vehicle
- Extreme high temperatures or extreme temperature changes
If a malfunction is detected in the system, Service Rear Vision Camera may be displayed on the navigation radio as an indicator to the customer that a problem exists that requires service.
Object Detection Description and Operation (with Lane Departure Warning, UFL)
The lane departure warning system is a convenience feature of the front view camera that issues a warning when the system detects that the vehicle has unintentionally crossed a lane marking. The front view camera is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detecting any lane markings. When the vehicle unintentionally leaves a detected lane, a visual and audible alert is given to the driver.
The lane departure warning system is made up of the following components
- Front view camera module
- Lane departure warning switch
- Instrument cluster / Vehicle Direction Display
- Radio
Front View Camera Module
The camera detects visual queues such as lane markings. When it is determined that the vehicle has unintentionally moved outside of the lane, a visual and audible warning is given to the driver. The front view camera module receives an input from the lane departure warning switch and controls the lane departure warning switch indicator output. The front view camera module also communicates via serial data with the instrument cluster and radio to request visual and audible alerts.
Lane Departure Warning Switch
The lane departure warning switch provides an input to the front view camera module to turn the lane departure warning system ON and OFF. The front view camera module provides a signal voltage to the normally open momentary switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is pulled to ground, indicating to the front view camera module that the system has been requested to turn ON or OFF. The lane departure warning switch also contains the lane departure warning switch indicator, which is controlled by the front view camera module to indicate the ON and OFF status of the lane departure warning system. When the system has been enabled by the lane departure warning switch, the front view camera module applies ground to the switch indicator and illuminates the LED. The location of the lane departure warning switch can vary with different vehicles. For the exact location please refer to the user's manual.
Instrument Cluster
The vehicle direction display contains green and amber lane departure warning indicators. These indicate to the driver the current status of the lane departure warning system and are controlled via serial data by the front view camera module. When the vehicle speed is above 56 km/h (35 MPH) and the system has detected the required lane markings and is ready to assist, the green indicator will be illuminated on the vehicle direction display. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the amber indicator will flash.
Radio
The radio controls the audible alert for the lane departure warning. If the vehicle has unintentionally left the lane, the radio will command three beeps as an audible alert to the driver.
Lane Departure Warning Operation
System operation can be describe by the following modes
- Off State: The system has been turned off by the driver, using the lane departure warning switch. The lane departure warning indicator will not be illuminated.
- Not Ready To Assist: The system is enabled and the lane departure warning indicator is illuminated, but not ready to assist when any of the following conditions is true: Vehicle speed is less than 56 km/h (35 MPH). The system is designed to function at speeds greater than 56 km/h (35 MPH). The system cannot detect lane markings. This may be because there are no lane markings, as on a country road or that the lane markings cannot be determined due to snow, rain, or other driving conditions. The windshield area in front of the camera or the camera lens is blocked by fog, dirt, damage to the windshield or other elements that may prevent the camera from detecting lane markings.
- Ready To Assist: The system is enabled and ready to warn of the unintentional lane crossing. The system is ready to assist when the green lane departure warning indicator is illuminated on the vehicle direction display.
Lane Crossing Alerts
- When one of the following conditions are met, the system will not give alerts: The correct turn signal is activated. An activated turn signal is interpreted as an intentional lane crossing. The operator makes an intentional steering maneuver. The operator makes an intentional accelerating maneuver. The operator makes an intentional braking maneuver.
- Lane crossing alert consists of the following: Three chimes are activated through the radio. The amber lane departure warning indicator will flash.
Object Detection Description and Operation (with Forward Collision Alert, UEU)
The forward collision alert system is a convenience feature of the front view camera that issues a warning to the driver when a potential collision risk exists. The front view camera is located behind the windshield, looking out at the road ahead and detecting vehicles directly ahead, within a distance of approximately 60 meters (197 ft). The forward collision alert system is always active and operates at speeds above 40 kph (25 mph). When the system detects a vehicle in the path ahead, the green vehicle ahead indicator in the vehicle direction display is illuminated. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash in the vehicle direction display. Simultaneously an audible alert sounds. Forward collision alert does not warn the driver of any objects that are not detected as a vehicle, like e.g. pedestrians, animals, signs, guard rails, bridges, construction barrels or other stationary or slow moving objects. The forward collision alert timing sensitivity to control the distance to the vehicle ahead can be set using the forward collision alert switch in the left steering wheel controls.
In some cases the camera may detect a vehicle that is not in the path ahead, or the system may occasionally provide unrealistic alerts. This could respond to a turning vehicle ahead, guard rails, traffic signs, or other stationary objects. This is normal operation, the vehicle does not need service. Forward collision alert may sometimes set unnecessary alerts to turning vehicles, vehicles in other lanes, objects that are not vehicles, or shadows. These alerts are normal operation and the vehicle does not need service.
The forward collision alert system is made up of the following components
- Front view camera module
- Forward collision alert switch
- Instrument cluster / Vehicle direction display
- Radio
Front View Camera Module
The camera detects vehicles in front of the host vehicle. The front view camera module requests the green vehicle ahead alert indicator in the vehicle direction display ON via serial data when the front view camera system has detected a vehicle in the driving path ahead. The front view camera module also communicates via serial data with the driver information center and the radio to request visual and audible alerts.
- Lane departure warning system unavailable
- Forward collision alert OFF
- Service front camera
Forward Collision Alert Switch
The forward collision alert switch provides an input to the front view camera module to select the alert timing sensitivity when approaching another vehicle too rapidly. The front view camera module provides a signal voltage to the normally open switch. When the switch is pressed, the signal circuit is pulled to ground, indicating to the front view camera module that the system has been requested to change the alert timing sensitivity. The first button press shows the current alert timing setting on the driver information center. With every button press, the alert timing sensitivity is changed. The current alert timing setting will be maintained until it is changed. The preset alert timing setting is displayed in the top line of the driver information center. The position of the forward collision alert switch can vary with different vehicles. For the exact position please refer to the user's manual.
Instrument Cluster
The Vehicle direction display contains the green vehicle ahead indicator, which indicates to the driver that the Front View Camera system has detected a vehicle in the driving path ahead and is controlled via serial data. When approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the collision alert symbol will flash in the Vehicle direction display. The red Front collision alert display will stay continuously illuminated if the vehicle ahead remains much too close.
Radio
The radio controls the audible alert for the forward collision alert system. If the host vehicle is approaching another vehicle too rapidly, the radio will command an audible alert to the driver.
Side Blind Zone Alert Operation
The side blind zone alert system shall detect and report "objects of interest" on either side of the vehicle, within a specified "blind spot" zone. The system is designed to alert the driver, with a visual display placed on the side view mirror, to the presence of objects of interest that may not be visible in the inside rearview mirror and outside rear view mirrors. Although this system is intended to help drivers avoid lane change crashes, it does not replace driver vision and therefore should be considered a lane change aid. Even with the side blind zone alert system, the driver must check carefully for objects outside of the reporting zone before changing lanes. In the event that the system senses a malfunction through its diagnostic routines, the system will be disabled and the driver will be visually notified.
When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions. Side blind zone alert is active when the vehicle is out of park or the parking brake is off on manual transmission vehicles. When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone while driving forward, an amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing as an extra warning not to change lanes.
The system is designed to detect objects of interest as small as a 125cc motorcycle with rider. The detection zone starts at the outside rearview mirror and extends out to 3.5 m (11 ft) at the back corner of the vehicle and 5m (16 ft) behind the vehicle at a height of 0.5 m (1.5 ft) to 2.0 m (6 ft) above the ground. The side blind zone system does not detect stationary objects such as guardrails, posts, curbs, walls, berms, bridges, or parked vehicles.
If the vehicle is towing a trailer or has an object such as a bicycle rack attached to the rear of the vehicle, the side blind zone system may not function properly and the indicators may illuminate intermittently or remain illuminated all the time. The driver information center may display "SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM UNAVAILABLE".
Foul weather may affect the operation of the side blind zone system. Occasional missed alerts can occur under normal circumstances and will increase in wet conditions. The number of missed alerts will increase with increased rainfall or road spray. Heavy rainfall, as well as mud, dirt, snow, ice, or slush build-up on the rear fascia, can completely disable the system. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions.
Lane Change Alert Operation
The lane change alert system shall detect and report "objects of interest" in the driver's blind zone, or approaching on either side of the vehicle, within a specified lane change zone. The system is designed to alert the driver, with a visual display placed on the side view mirror, to the presence of objects of interest that may not be visible in the inside rearview mirror and outside rear view mirrors. Although this system is intended to help drivers avoid lane change crashes, it does not replace driver vision and therefore should be considered a lane change aid. Even with the lane change alert system, the driver must check carefully for objects outside of the reporting zone before changing lanes. In the event that the system senses a malfunction through its diagnostic routines, the system will be disabled and the driver will be visually notified.
When the vehicle is started, both outside mirror displays will briefly come on to indicate that the system is operating. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions. Lane change alert is active when the vehicle is out of park or the parking brake is off on manual transmission vehicles. When the system detects a vehicle in the side blind zone or approaching in the lane change alert zone while driving forward, an amber warning symbol will light up in the appropriate outside mirror. This indicates that it may be unsafe to change lanes. If the driver then activates the turn signal, the amber warning symbol starts flashing as an extra warning not to change lanes.
The system is designed to detect objects of interest as small as a 125cc motorcycle with rider. The detection zone starts at the outside rearview mirror and extends out to 3.5 m (11 ft) at the back corner of the vehicle and 70m (230 ft) behind the vehicle at a height of 0.5 m (1.5 ft) to 2.0 m (6 ft) above the ground. The side blind zone system does not detect stationary objects such as guardrails, posts, curbs, walls, berms, bridges, or parked vehicles.
If the vehicle is towing a trailer or has an object such as a bicycle rack attached to the rear of the vehicle, the lane change alert system may not function properly and the indicators may illuminate intermittently or remain illuminated all the time. The driver information center may display "SIDE DETECTION SYSTEM UNAVAILABLE".
Foul weather may affect the operation of the lane change alert system. Occasional missed alerts can occur under normal circumstances and will increase in wet conditions. The number of missed alerts will increase with increased rainfall or road spray. Heavy rainfall, as well as mud, dirt, snow, ice, or slush build-up on the rear fascia, can completely disable the system. The warning symbols will vary brightness based on the ambient light conditions.
Rear Cross Traffic Alert Operation
The rear cross traffic alert system is designed to detect objects of interest as small as a 125cc motorcycle with rider. The detection zone extends approximately 30m (99 ft) from the rear corner of the car and covers an area from behind the vehicle to 125 degrees towards the front at a height of 0.45m (1.5 ft) to 2m (6.5 ft) above ground. The system operates when vehicle speed is 10 kph (6 mph) or less and is designed to detect objects moving at speeds up to 36 kph (22 mph).
When the vehicle is backing up, the side object sensors receive energy that is reflected from external objects and determine if the objects are objects of interest or not. The system may at times detect pedestrians, shopping carts, or similar moving objects. This is normal and should not be considered as a false alert or problem with the system. The rear cross traffic alert system will estimate vehicle travel trajectory and use the information in conjunction with object travel trajectory information to determine if there is a potential collision between the vehicle and the object of interest. The rear cross traffic alert function will only alert on objects of interest that pose a potential collision with the host vehicle. The system is not designed to provide an alert to objects that have no potential collision with vehicle. In addition, the system will not alert to stationary objects such as signs, parked cars, etc.
If the vehicle is towing a trailer or has an object such as a bicycle rack attached to the rear of the vehicle, the rear cross traffic alert system may not function properly.
Foul weather may affect the operation of the rear cross traffic alert system. Occasional missed alerts can occur under normal circumstances and will increase in wet conditions. The number of missed alerts will increase with increased rainfall or road spray. Heavy rainfall, as well as mud, dirt, snow, ice, or slush build-up on the rear fascia, can completely disable the system.