Engine Controls - Tests W/o Codes: Other Oldsmobile Achieva I

PRELIMINARY CHECKS

1. Verify the on-car diagnostics are working by performing DIAGNOSTIC CIRCUIT CHECK chart in «BASIC TESTING»(ref-19653) article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
2. Ensure the ECM/PCM and Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) are functioning properly.
3. Ensure there are no trouble codes stored, or only intermittent codes are present.
4. Ensure the fuel control system is operating properly. See «BASIC TESTING»(ref-19653) article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
5. Perform fuel system pressure test in «BASIC TESTING»(ref-19653) article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
6. Perform a careful visual inspection of all systems.

After all checks have been performed, verify customer complaint and locate correct symptom. Check items indicated under that symptom. Not all items listed under each symptom apply to all models and systems. These procedures will normally recommend testing of a system or component on vehicle, such as EGR, EST, TCC, etc. See appropriate I - SYS/COMP TESTS article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section below for test procedures.

1. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 2.3L»(ref-19614)
2. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L»(ref-19615)

Note. If ECM/PCM displays data but engine fails to start, proceed to NO START - ENGINE CRANKS OKAY in BASIC TESTING article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.

Possible Cause & Correction

Check the following items

1. Check fuel pump relay by connecting test light between fuel pump relay connector ignition feed circuit and ground. Turn ignition on. Light should illuminate for 2 seconds. If light does not illuminate for 2 seconds, see FUEL PUMP RELAY under FUEL SYSTEM in appropriate I - SYS/COMP TESTS article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section below. For location of fuel pump test connector, see COMPONENT LOCATIONS in appropriate I - SYS/COMP TESTS article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section. Check for blown injector fuse.
2. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 2.3L»(ref-19614)
3. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L»(ref-19615)
4. Check for poor quality or water contaminated fuel.
5. Ensure TP sensor is not sticking or binding.
6. Check EGR operation.
7. Check for a leaking injector. To do this on TBI systems, disconnect injector electrical connector at injector. Crank engine and watch for fuel leakage.
8. Ensure resistance of coolant sensor circuit or coolant sensor is within specification. See «SENSOR RANGE CHARTS»(ref-19664) article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
9. Check ignition system for a worn distributor shaft, bare or shorted wires, incorrect pick-up coil resistance, loose ignition coil ground or moisture in distributor cap. Check for adequate spark using Spark Tester (ST-125).
10. Check for shorts by spraying plug wires with a fine mist of water.
11. Remove spark plugs and check for wet plugs, cracks, improper gap, burned electrodes or heavy carbon deposits.
12. Check for correct fuel pressure in all speed ranges.
13. Check for faulty in-tank fuel pump check valve (MFI only). A faulty in-tank fuel pump check valve will allow fuel in lines to drain back to tank after engine is stopped. To check this condition, turn ignition off, disconnect fuel pressure line at fuel rail and remove filler cap. Connect a radiator test pump and apply 15 psi (1.0 kg/cm 2 ) pressure. If pressure will hold for 60 seconds, check valve is okay.
14. Ensure the installed PROM is correct for that particular vehicle. Check with dealer for latest application information.
15. Check for restricted exhaust system.
16. Check Idle Air Control (IAC) system. Check for vacuum leak at high idle. Check for binding of throttle blade or linkage. Check for water contaminated fuel, correct fuel pressure or a restricted injector. Check for foreign material in IAC bore of throttle body. Check for proper connection of IAC valve electrical connector. Check for faulty crankcase ventilation valve. Check for failure of A/C compressor or relay.
17. Check MAP or MAF sensor. Check for flooding.
18. Inspect crankshaft sensor clearance and resistance. Check harmonic balancer interrupter rings for bent or missing vanes.

Check the following items

1. Visually check vacuum hoses for splits, kinks and proper connections as shown on Vehicle Emission Control Information label.
2. Check ignition wires for cracking, hardness and proper connections at both distributor cap and spark plugs.
3. Check wires for pinches, cuts and proper connections.
4. Ensure fuel pressure is correct at all speeds. Also, check for poor quality or water contaminated fuel.
5. Check for fouled spark plugs.
6. Ensure the installed PROM is correct for that particular vehicle. Check with dealer for latest application information.
7. Check for a binding or sticking TP sensor.
8. Ensure initial ignition timing is properly set.
9. Ensure ECM/PCM-controlled idle speed is correct.
10. Check EGR system for proper operation.
11. Disconnect fuel injector electrical connectors. Crank engine and check for injector leaks.
12. Check engine cooling system thermostat for proper operation and application.
13. Check for an open in HEI ground circuit.
14. Check canister purge system for proper operation.
15. Check charging system output. Repair charging system if voltage is less than 9 or more than 17 volts.
16. On MFI vehicles, perform INJECTOR BALANCE TEST in appropriate I - SYS/COMP TESTS article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section below.
17. Check MAP or MAF sensor output.
18. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 2.3L»(ref-19614)
19. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L»(ref-19615)

Check the following items

1. Visually check vacuum hoses for splits, kinks and proper connections as shown on Vehicle Emission Control Information label.
2. Check operation of thermostatic air cleaner damper door.
3. Ensure P/N switch is properly adjusted.
4. Check for intermittent open or short to ground in Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) or HEI by-pass circuits.
5. Check for proper operation of canister purge system.
6. Check for proper operation of ESC system.
7. Check for proper operation of EGR system.
8. Ensure initial ignition timing is properly set.
9. Check for adequate spark output using Spark Tester (ST-125).
10. Check oxygen sensor for lead or RTV sealant contamination. This will cause a false high voltage signal to ECM/PCM. ECM/PCM will respond by leaning air/fuel ratio.
11. Check in-line fuel filter, and replace if dirty or clogged.
12. Check fuel for water contamination. Ensure fuel system pressure is correct at all engine speeds.
13. Remove spark plugs and check for wet plugs, cracks, improper gap, burned electrodes or heavy carbon deposits. Also, check condition of distributor cap, rotor and spark plug wires.
14. Check charging system output. Repair charging system if voltage is less than 9 volts or more than 17 volts.
15. Check A/C for excessive charge.
16. Check for restricted exhaust system.
17. Ensure driver understands operation of TCC, VCC and A/C. See owner's manual.
18. Check speedometer calibration.
19. Check for rich or lean conditions. Check fuel system pressure when condition exists. Check for plugged injectors. On MFI vehicles, perform INJECTOR BALANCE TEST in appropriate I - SYS/COMP TESTS article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
20. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 2.3L»(ref-19614)
21. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L»(ref-19615)
22. Ensure ECM/PCM grounds are clean and tight.
23. Check for excessive use of additives in fuel.

Check following items

1. Ensure air filter and fuel filter are not plugged. Replace if necessary. Check for incorrect fuel pressure.
2. Check for proper operation of thermostatic air cleaner damper door.
3. Ensure initial ignition timing is properly set.
4. Check for proper operation of TCC or VCC system.
5. Check ESC system for excessive retard.
6. Check EST system for proper operation.
7. Ensure EGR valve is not open all the time.
8. Check exhaust system for restrictions, such as a damaged or collapsed pipe, muffler or catalytic converter.
9. Check charging system output. Repair charging system if voltage is less than 9 volts or more than 17 volts.
10. Check for A/C clutch cutout at wide open throttle.
11. Check MAP sensor output.
12. Using Spark Tester (ST-125), check for available secondary voltage.
13. Check engine valve timing and compression.
14. Check ECM/PCM grounds for clean, tight connections.
15. Check for a worn camshaft.
16. Check for excessive fuel additives.

Check following items

1. Check for proper valve timing.
2. Check for engine vacuum leaks and/or engine not tuned to specifications.
3. Check for faulty air injection divert valve or check valve.
4. Check for electric air switching valve or electric air divert valve not switching air pump discharge to air cleaner/atmosphere during engine starting or deceleration.
5. Check EGR valve for leaking base gasket or valve hanging open.
6. Check engine for sticking or leaking valves.
7. Check for fuel or water in vacuum hose to MAP sensor. Also check for restricted hose.
8. Using Spark Tester (ST-125), check available output voltage of ignition coil.
9. Check for crossfire between spark plugs, distributor cap and spark plug wires.
10. Check for an intermittent ignition system problem.
11. Ensure initial ignition timing is properly set.
12. Check intake and exhaust manifold passages for casting flash.
13. Check harmonic balancer interrupter rings for missing, broken or bent vanes.

Check following items

1. Check ignition wires for short or faulty insulation.
2. Check distributor cap (if equipped) for moisture, dust or cracks. Spray spark plug wires with a fine mist of water to check for shorts.
3. Using Spark Tester (ST-125), check for available secondary voltage.
4. Check ignition system for faulty grounds.
5. Ensure EST wiring harness is not routed too close to wiring which may cause induced voltage signals.
6. Check ignition coil connections.
7. Remove spark plugs and check for correct heat range, wear, cracks, wetness, improper gap or heavy deposits.
8. Check for poor quality or water contaminated fuel.
9. Check for improper fuel pressure. Check for restricted fuel filter.
10. Check MFI vehicles for plugged injectors. See INJECTOR BALANCE TEST in appropriate I - SYS/COMP TESTS article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section below.
11. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 2.3L»(ref-19614)
12. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L»(ref-19615)
13. Check ECM/PCM for proper ground circuits. Check for internal ECM/PCM intermittents.
14. Check for bent push rods, broken valve springs or worn camshaft lobes.
15. Check for EGR valve sticking open.
16. Check TP sensor for sticking and binding. TP sensor voltage should be less than 1.25 volts at idle.
17. Check for proper crank angle sensor (DIS and IDI) or pick-up coil (HEI distributor) resistance.
18. Check for restricted exhaust system.
19. Check injector drivers by disconnecting all injector harness connectors and connecting a 6-volt test light to each injector's harness terminal. Light should blink while cranking.
20. Check engine compression. Check for incorrect valve timing.
21. Check intake and exhaust manifold passages for casting flash.

Misfire Isolation

1. Start engine. Disconnect IAC motor. Using insulated pliers, remove one spark plug wire from a spark plug and ground it against the engine.
2. Note engine RPM as wire is grounded. Reconnect spark plug wire. Repeat procedure for all cylinders. Stop engine and reconnect IAC motor.
3. If engine speed dropped equally (within 50 RPM) on all cylinders, see ROUGH, UNSTABLE OR INCORRECT IDLE, STALLING symptom. If there is no engine RPM drop or if there is excessive variation on one or more cylinder, check spark on the respective cylinder(s).

Check following items

1. Ensure throttle linkage and/or TP sensor is not sticking or binding. Ensure throttle bore is free of foreign material.
2. Ensure initial ignition timing is properly set.
3. Check for vacuum leaks.
4. Check engine idle speed (both base idle and ECM/PCM idle).
5. Check Idle Air Control (IAC) system. Check for vacuum leak at high idle. Check for binding of throttle blade or linkage. Check for water contaminated fuel, correct fuel pressure or a restricted injector. Check for foreign material in IAC bore of throttle body. Check for proper connection of IAC valve electrical connector. Check for faulty crankcase ventilation valve. Check for failure of A/C compressor or relay.
6. Check for proper operation of EGR system.
7. Check P/N switch circuit. Ensure P/N switch is properly adjusted.
8. Check power steering pressure switch operation.
9. Check charging system output. Repair charging system if voltage is less than 9 volts or more than 17 volts.
10. If rough idle only occurs when engine is hot, check PCV valve for proper operation.
11. On MFI vehicles, check for fuel in pressure regulator vacuum line. If fuel is present, replace regulator.
12. Check evaporative emission control system.
13. Check for proper spark plug gap, and check engine compression.
14. Check ECM/PCM grounds for clean and tight connections.
15. Check A/C signal to ECM/PCM. If problem exists only when A/C is on, check A/C system operation and pressures.
16. Check for broken motor mounts.
17. Ensure the installed PROM is correct for that particular vehicle. Check with dealer for latest application information.
18. Check MAP or MAF sensor for proper operation.
19. Check oxygen sensor operation. Check for silicone contamination or incorrect RTV sealant.
20. Check for excessive fuel additives.
21. Check for shorted or open injector windings. Check fuel pressure.
22. Check for leaking injectors. On MFI vehicles, perform INJECTOR BALANCE TEST in appropriate I - SYS/COMP TESTS article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
23. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 2.3L»(ref-19614)
24. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L»(ref-19615)
25. Check PCV valve operation. Check for manifold vacuum at inlet end of crankcase vent tube assembly with engine idling.
26. Check ignition system. Check for moisture, dust, cracks, burns, etc. Check for shorts by spraying spark plug wires with a fine water mist. Check ignition wires for shorts and faulty insulation.
27. Check to see if condition is caused by engine running either rich or lean.
28. Check air injection system.
29. Check for worn camshaft or weak valve springs.
30. Check CTS for proper temperature-to-resistance values.
31. Check exhaust system for restrictions, such as a damaged or collapsed pipe, muffler or catalytic converter.

Check the following items

1. Check for proper operation of thermostatic air cleaner damper door. Also check for a clogged air filter.
2. Check coolant level. Check cooling system thermostat for proper heat range and operation.
3. Check coolant sensor for shift in calibration. See «SENSOR RANGE CHARTS»(ref-19664) article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
4. Check A/C for "full time" operation.
5. Ensure initial ignition timing is properly set, and check for proper operation of EST and ESC.
6. Check for proper operation of TCC or VCC.
7. On vehicles with TWC/OC, check for the following conditions: air pump output not shifting to catalytic converter upon signal from ECM/PCM, and/or faulty electrical and/or vacuum circuits.
8. Check exhaust system for restrictions, such as a damaged or collapsed pipe, muffler or catalytic converter.
9. Check oxygen sensor for silicone or lead contamination.
10. Remove spark plugs and check for wet plugs, cracks, improper gap, burned electrodes or heavy carbon deposits.
11. Ensure speedometer is properly calibrated.
12. Check engine compression.
13. Check for dragging brakes.
14. Check for correct tire pressure. Check with operator to see if vehicle is operated under excessive acceleration or is heavily loaded.

Check the following items

1. Check for binding throttle linkage.
2. Check for leaking injectors. On MFI vehicles, perform INJECTOR BALANCE TEST in appropriate I - SYS/COMP TESTS article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
3. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 2.3L»(ref-19614)
4. «SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 3.1L»(ref-19615)
5. Check Idle Air Control (IAC) system. Check for vacuum leak at high idle. Check for binding of throttle blade or linkage. Check for water contaminated fuel, correct fuel pressure or a restricted injector. Check for foreign material in IAC bore of throttle body. Check for proper connection of IAC valve electrical connector. Check for faulty crankcase ventilation valve. Check for failure of A/C compressor or relay.
6. Check engine for overheating.
7. Check for excessive use of fuel additives.

Check the following items

1. Check for obvious overheating problems.
2. Ensure initial timing is correct.
3. Check TP sensor adjustment and operation.
4. Check fuel system for low pressure or volume. Also check for induction air leaks.
5. Ensure ESC system is operating properly.
6. Ensure EGR valve is operating properly.
7. Ensure TCC or VCC system is operating properly.
8. Remove carbon from engine with top engine cleaner.
9. If excessive carbon exists in combustion chamber, check for excessive oil burning due to leaking valve guide seals.
10. Check for incorrect basic engine parts such as camshaft, cylinder heads and pistons.
11. Ensure the installed PROM is correct for that particular vehicle. Check with dealer for latest application information.
12. Check coolant sensor for shift in calibration. See «SENSOR RANGE CHARTS»(ref-19664) article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section.
13. Check for rich or lean running conditions.
14. Check spark plugs for proper application and heat range.
15. Check engine compression.
16. Check P/N switch circuit. Ensure P/N switch is properly adjusted.
17. Check for contaminated or poor quality fuel. Check vehicle operation using a higher octane fuel.

Check the following items

1. Check for lead contamination of catalytic converter. Look for removal/tampering at restrictor in fuel filler neck.
2. Check coolant level. Check cooling system thermostat for proper operation and application.
3. Check cooling fan for proper operation.
4. Ensure air is not diverted to exhaust manifold, but is diverted to catalytic converter (TWC/OC) or atmosphere during normal (warm) engine operation.
5. If emission test shows excessive carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions, and vehicle is also emitting excessive odor, check all systems and components that could cause engine to run rich. See DIAGNOSTIC AIDS in CODE 45/P0132 chart in appropriate G - TESTS W/ CODES article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section below. Check EGR system.
6. «TESTS W/CODES - 2.3L»(ref-19584)
7. «TESTS W/CODES - 3.1L»(ref-19583)
8. Ensure the installed PROM is correct for that particular vehicle. Check with dealer for latest application information.
9. If emission test shows excessive oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions, check all systems and components that could cause engine to run lean or to run too hot. See DIAGNOSTIC AIDS in CODE 44/P0131 chart in appropriate G - TESTS W/ CODES article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section below.
10. «TESTS W/CODES - 2.3L»(ref-19584)
11. «TESTS W/CODES - 3.1L»(ref-19583)
12. Ensure fuel filler cap is properly installed.
13. Check for plugged or stuck PCV valve. Check for fuel in crankcase.
14. Check for vacuum leaks.
15. Check for excessive carbon build-up. Remove with top engine cleaner.
16. Check for use of excessive fuel additives.

INTERMITTENTS

Intermittent Simulation

To reproduce the conditions causing intermittent fault, use the following methods

1. Lightly vibrate component.
2. Heat component.
3. Wiggle or bend wiring harness.
4. Spray component with water.
5. Remove/apply vacuum source.

Monitor circuit/component voltage or resistance while simulating intermittent. If engine is running, monitor for self-diagnostic codes. Use test results to identify a faulty component or circuit.

To track down possible causes of an intermittent MIL, check the following items

1. Check for poor mating of one connector to another. Terminals may not be fully seated. Check for improperly formed or damaged terminals. Check wire to terminal connections.
2. Check for poor connection from ignition coil to ground or arcing at spark plug wires or plugs.
3. Check wire from MIL to ECM/PCM for short to ground.
4. Check wire from test terminal "B" of Data Link Connector (DLC) for intermittent short to ground (if equipped).
5. Check for poor connections in ECM/PCM ground terminals.
6. Check for loss of trouble code memory. To check code memory on fuel injected models, disconnect TP sensor and run engine at idle until MIL comes on. TP sensor code should be stored and retained in memory when ignition is turned off. If code is not stored, ECM/PCM is faulty.
7. Check for electrical system interference caused by a defective relay, or an ECM/PCM-driven solenoid or switch which may cause sharp electrical surge. This type of problem will normally occur when faulty component is operated.
8. Check for aftermarket parts which may not have been produced to manufacturer's specifications. Solenoids without original -equipment diodes for circuit protection, and HEI-EST module or voltage regulator using transistors instead of silicon -chip circuitry may possibly cause voltage surges (up to 300 volts) in ECM/PCM wiring, causing temporary ECM/PCM shutdown. ECM/PCM shutdown is a normal response to system overvoltage (greater than 16-17 volts on most models). ECM/PCM will repower when condition no longer exists. This could cause a flickering MIL and stumble, with no codes set in memory.
9. Check for any open diodes in A/C or engine wiring.
10. Check for improper installation of electrical accessories such as auxiliary lights or 2-way radios.
11. Ensure EST wires are kept away from spark plug wires, distributor wires, distributor housing, ignition coil and generator. Ensure ground wire from ECM/PCM to distributor or ignition module is connected to a good ground.