Wiring Diagrams for Nissan Frontier D22 (1998-2007)

Manual a/c circuit

Anti-lock brakes circuit, without traction control Anti-lock brakes circuit, with traction control Anti-lock brakes circuit, with traction control & stability assist with hill assist

Forced entry circuit Immobilizer circuit

Body control modules circuit

Computer data lines circuit

4.0l, cooling fan circuit

Cruise control circuit

Defoggers circuit

Wiring diagram engine performance 2.4l

Wiring diagram engine performance 4.0l

Back-up lamps circuit Exterior lamps circuit

Ground distribution circuit

Headlights circuit, with drl Headlights circuit, without drl

Horn circuit

Instrument cluster circuit

Courtesy lamps circuit, without power door locks Courtesy lamps circuit, with power door locks Instrument illumination circuit

Power distribution circuit

Door lock circuit, crew cab Door lock circuit, king cab Door lock & keyless entry circuit, crew cab Door lock & keyless entry circuit, king cab

Auto anti-dazzling mirror circuit Power mirror circuit

Heated seats circuit Power seat circuit

Power top/sunroof circuit

Power windows circuit, crew cab Power windows circuit, king cab

Base radio circuit Premium sound radio circuit, crew cab Premium sound radio circuit, king cab

Shift interlock circuit

Charging circuit Starting circuit, a/t Starting circuit, m/t with clutch interlock Starting circuit, m/t without clutch interlock

Supplemental restraints circuit

4wd circuit, a/t 4wd circuit, m/t A/t circuit

Warning systems circuit

Front wiper/washer circuit

45 46 CYLINDER LOCK SW CYLINDER UNLOCK SW ANTI-LOCK BRAKES SYSTEM ANTI-LOCK BRAKES, TRANS- MISSIONS SYSTEMS AUDIO AMPLIFIER CAN CAN HORN RLY CAN CAN HORN RLY GND GND LOCK IND LOCK OFF UNLOCK LOCK

ENGINE COMPT) ENGINE CONTROLS SYSTEM ENGINE CONTROLS SYSTEM TRANSMISSIONS, STARTING/CHARGING SYSTEMS ENGINE CONTROLS, ANTI-THEFT SYSTEMS WIPER/ WASHER SYSTEM HEADLIGHTS SYSTEM ENGINE CONTROLS, EXTERIOR LIGHTS, ANTI-LOCK BRAKES, INSTRUMENT CLUSTER SYSTEMS FRONT AIR MIX DOOR MOTOR FRONT BLOWER MOTOR RESISTOR (BEHIND RIGHT LEFT FRONT LIFTING MOTOR LEFT FRONT POWER WINDOW MOTOR LEFT REAR LIFTING MOTOR LEFT REAR POWER WINDOW MOTOR LEFT RECLINING MOTOR LEFT SLIDING MOTOR LEFT/RIGHT MOTOR MOTOR 1 MOTOR 2 REAR OF ENGINE COMPT) RIGHT FRONT POWER WINDOW MOTOR RIGHT REAR POWER WINDOW MOTOR RIGHT RECLINING MOTOR FWD RIGHT SLIDING MOTOR STARTER MOTOR SUN-ROOF MOTOR TRANSMISSIONS, EXTERIOR LIGHTS, SYSTEMS ENGINE CONTROLS SYSTEM UP/DOWN MOTOR UP/DOWN MOTOR LEFT/RIGHT MOTOR

ROD ANTENNA

6 14 DATA LINK CONNECTOR PNK WIRE CONSOLE POWER SOCKET MIRRORS SYSTEM DATA LINK CONNECTOR LOWER FRONT POWER SOCKET PNK 14 6 DATA LINK CONNECTOR WIRE PNK DATA LINK CONNECTOR WIRE TIRE PRESSURE WARNING CHECK CONNECTOR UPPER FRONT POWER SOCKET

ABS CONTROL UNIT ABS/ABLS CONTROL UNIT ABS/TCS/VDC CONTROL UNIT AUDIO UNIT CAN-L VLV ECU GND DIFFERENTIAL LOCK CONTROL UNIT UNIFIED METER CONTROL UNIT UNITED METER CONTROL UNIT VLV ECU GND BST PWR VLV ECU SPLY FR RH SIG FR RH PWR

CPU CPU FUSE 56 CPU FUSE 40 FUSE 41 CPU TAIL/L RLY FUSE FUSE 1 FUSE 4 FUSE 6 FUSE 20 FUSE 4 FUSE 5 FUSE 7 FUSE 8 FUSE 12 FUSE 13 FUSE 13 FUSE 14 FUSE 16 FUSE 3 FUSE 1 FUSE 14 FUSE 14 FUSE 1 FUSE 15 FUSE 17 FUSE 18 FUSE 19 FUSE 19 FUSE 18 FUSE 19 RIGHT SIDE OF DASH) (FRONTIER: FUSE 20 FUSE 21 FUSE 22 FUSE 24 FUSE 25 FUSE 26 FUSE 27 FUSE 29 FUSE 30 FUSE 30 FUSE 29 FUSE 32 FUSE 34 FUSE 34 FUSE 53 FUSE 35 FUSE 35 FUSE 34 FUSE 36 FUSE 36 CPU FUSE 37 FUSE 38 FUSE 39 FUSE 40 FUSE 40 FUSE 34 FUSE 40 FUSE 35 FUSE 41 FUSE 42 FUSE 43 FUSE 45 FUSE 46 FUSE 47 FUSE 48 FUSE 49 FUSE 49 FUSE 55 FUSE 51 FUSE 54 FUSE 50 FUSE 51 FUSE 52 FUSE 52 FUSE 39 FUSE 52 FUSE 53 FUSE 53 FUSE 55 FUSE 56 FUSE 57 FUSE 58 FUSE BLOCK FUSE, FUSIBLE LINK BOX FUSE, FUSIBLE LINK BOX (RIGHT REAR OF ENGINE

HEATER THERMOSTAT LEFT FRONT SEAT HEATER RIGHT FRONT SEAT HEATER

AIR BAG INDICATOR BRAKE INDICATOR CHARGE INDICATOR FRONT PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF INDICATOR HIGH BEAM INDICATOR MALFUNCTION INDICATOR LAMP O/D OFF INDICATOR

13 41 STOP LAMP SW ON STOP LAMP SW 56 63 BAT SAVER OUTPUT ROOM LAMP OUTPUT BAT ILL CONT LIGHT SW INTERIOR LIGHTS SYSTEM CARGO LAMP OUTPUT CARGO LAMP SW DOOR LOCKS, ANTI-THEFT, INTERIOR LIGHTS SYSTEMS DOOR LOCKS, INTERIOR LIGHTS SYSTEMS EXTERIOR LIGHTS SYSTEM WIPER/WASHER SYSTEM FRONT ROOM/MAP LAMP ASSEMBLY HEAD- LIGHTS SYSTEM HIGH MOUNTED STOP LAMP INTERIOR LIGHTS INTERIOR LIGHTS, EXTERIOR LIGHTS SYSTEMS INTERIOR LIGHTS, EXTERIOR LIGHTS, HEADLIGHTS SYSTEMS LAMP SW RR RH SIG RR RH PWR LEFT FRONT COMBINATION LAMP LEFT FRONT COMBINATION LAMP TURN PARK LEFT FRONT FOG LAMP LEFT LICENSE PLATE LAMP LEFT REAR COMBINATION LAMP MALFUNCTION IND LAMP RIGHT FRONT COMBINATION LAMP RIGHT FRONT FOG LAMP RIGHT LICENSE PLATE LAMP RIGHT REAR COMBINATION LAMP ROOM LAMP ROOM LAMP OUTPUT SECURITY IND LAMP STOP LAMP SW RR RH SIG RR RH PWR TRANSMISSIONS SYSTEM INTERIOR LIGHTS SYSTEM TRANSMISSIONS, EXTERIOR LIGHTS SYSTEMS WARNING SYSTEM INTERIOR LIGHTS SYSTEM

A/C RELAY ACCESSORY RELAY CLUTCH INTERLOCK CANCEL RELAY 2 COOLING FAN HIGH RELAY COOLING FAN LOW RELAY DOWN RELAY ECM RELAY FRONT FOG LAMP RELAY FRONT FOG LAMP RELAY FRONT WIPER HI RELAY FRONT WIPER HIGH RELAY FRONT WIPER RELAY FUEL PUMP RELAY FUSE 47 FUSE 46 IGNITION RELAY FUSE 48 FUSE 50 FUEL PUMP RELAY FUSE, RELAY BOX (RIGHT HEADLAMP HIGH RELAY HEADLAMP LOW RELAY HEADLIGHT HIGH RELAY HEADLIGHT LOW RELAY HEATED MIRROR RELAY FUSE 43 IGNITION RELAY REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER RELAY REV LAMP RELAY STARTER RELAY TAIL LAMP RELAY THROTTLE CONTROL MOTOR RELAY TRANSFER RELAY 1 TRANSFER RELAY 2

A/T FLUID TEMPERATURE SENSOR 1 A/T FLUID TEMPERATURE SENSOR 2 AIR BAG DIAGNOSIS SENSOR UNIT FRONT PRESSURE SENSOR (XTERRA: LEFT SIDE ILL+ ILL- A/C REQUEST RR DEF REQUEST INTAKE SENSOR SENS RETURN MODE CCW LEFT FRONT WHEEL SENSOR LEFT REAR WHEEL SENSOR REVOLUTION SENSOR RIGHT FRONT WHEEL SENSOR RIGHT REAR WHEEL SENSOR RIGHT REAR WHEEL SENSOR LEFT REAR WHEEL SENSOR SENSOR 1 SENSOR 2 STEERING COLUMN) STEERING ANGLE SENSOR TURBINE REVOLUTION SENSOR 1 TURBINE REVOLUTION SENSOR 2

LEFT FRONT DOOR SPEAKER LEFT REAR DOOR SPEAKER RIGHT FRONT DOOR SPEAKER RIGHT REAR DOOR SPEAKER

4 LO SWITCH 4 LO SWITCH ATP SWITCH ACCEL/ RESUME SWITCH ASCD STEERING SWITCH CANCEL SWITCH CARGO LAMP SWITCH CHANGE OVER SWITCH CLUTCH INTER LOCK SWITCH CLUTCH INTERLOCK CANCEL SWITCH COAST/ SET SWITCH COMBINATION SWITCH DOOR MIRROR REMOTE CONTROL SWITCH FRONT BLOWER SWITCH FRONT LIFTING SWITCH HDC SWITCH HORN SWITCH IGNITION SWITCH KEY SWITCH LEFT FRONT DOOR SWITCH LEFT FRONT HEATED SEAT SWITCH LEFT POWER SEAT SWITCH LEFT REAR DOOR SWITCH LEFT REAR LOWER DOOR SWITCH LEFT REAR POWER WINDOW SWITCH LEFT REAR UPPER DOOR SWITCH LEFT SEAT BELT BUCKLE SWITCH, LEFT POWER SEAT SWITCH LOCK SWITCH LOCK SWITCH FULL STROKE MAIN POWER WINDOW, DOOR LOCK/ UNLOCK SWITCH MIRROR SWITCH MODE SWITCH O/D CONTROL SWITCH OIL PRESS SWITCH 1 OIL PRESS SWITCH 2 OIL PRESS SWITCH 3 OIL PRESS SWITCH 5 OIL PRESS SWITCH 6 ON/OFF SWITCH PARK POSITION SWITCH PARK/NEUTRAL POSITION SWITCH POWER SWITCH REAR LIFTING SWITCH RECLINING SWITCH RIGHT FRONT DOOR SWITCH RIGHT FRONT HEATED SEAT SWITCH RIGHT PARK TURN FRONT COMBINATION HAZARD SWITCH RIGHT POWER SEAT SWITCH RIGHT POWER WINDOW, DOOR LOCK/ UNLOCK SWITCH RIGHT REAR DOOR SWITCH RIGHT REAR LOWER DOOR SWITCH RIGHT REAR POWER WINDOW SWITCH RIGHT REAR UPPER DOOR SWITCH SEEK SWITCH SHIFT SWITCH SLIDING SWITCH STOP LAMP SWITCH (ON BRACKET, ABOVE SUN ROOF SWITCH UNLOCK SWITCH UNLOCK SWITCH FULL STROKE VDC OFF SWITCH VOLUME SWITCH

DIRECT CLUTCH SOLENOID FRONT BRAKE SOLENOID HIGH, LOW REVERSE CLUTCH SOLENOID INPUT CLUTCH SOLENOID LINE PRESSURE SOLENOID LOW COAST BRAKE SOLENOID SHIFT LOCK SOLENOID SOLENOID VALVE TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH SOLENOID VIAS CONTROL SOLENOID VALVE

1 2 3 PNK WIRE 1 2 PNK WIRE 2 3 4 PNK COMBI SW INPUT 5 COMBI SW INPUT 4 COMBI SW INPUT 3 WIRE 2 3 PNK WIRE 3 2 1 PNK WIRE 3 4 CAN-H CAN-L PNK WIRE 3 4 PNK WIRE 3 8 4 PNK WIRE 4 2 INSTRUMENT ILLUMINATION CIRCUIT PNK WIRE 4 2 PNK WIRE 4 5 6 7 PNK WIRE 5 4 13 CAN-H CAN-L K-LINE PNK WIRE 11 20 18 PNK WIRE 12 11 3 PNK WIRE 12 11 23 13 PNK WIRE 12 11 CAN-H CAN-L PNK WIRE 12 11 PNK WIRE 13 14 15 PNK WIRE 16 17 18 PNK WIRE 24 PNK WIRE 33 34 PNK WIRE 36 29 30 26 PNK TXD RXD EARTH WIRE 39 40 28 9 27 CAN-H CAN-L FAN ON RR DEF SW A/C REQUEST PNK WIRE 39 40 29 CAN-H CAN-L HAZARD SW PNK WIRE 39 40 CAN-H CAN-L PNK WIRE 40 PNK WIRE 47 48 DR SW DR SW PNK WIRE 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 PNK WIRE 49 70 67 73 PNK AVCC PDPRESS GND A TW WIRE 94 86 CAN-H CAN-L PNK WIRE AVCC PDPRES PNK WIRE BLK BLK WIRE BLK WIRE BLK/RED WIRE BLK/WHT WIRE BLK/YEL WIRE BLU WIRE BLU/BLK WIRE BLU/RED WIRE BLU/WHT WIRE BLU/YEL WIRE BRN WIRE BRN/WHT WIRE BRN/YEL WIRE C-VTC PS PRES POS PHASE PNK WIRE COMPUTER DATA LINES SYSTEM PNK WIRE DEFOGGER SYSTEM PNK WIRE GND 02 IGN 6 IGN 4 IGN 2 GND A PNK WIRE GRN WIRE GRN/BLK WIRE GRN/RED WIRE GRN/WHT WIRE GRN/YEL WIRE GRY WIRE KLINE PNK WIRE LT BLU WIRE LT GRN WIRE NCA WIRE ORG/ WIRE PNK 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 WIRE PNK 35 36 WIRE PNK 39 40 WIRE PNK 86 94 WIRE PNK CAN-L WIRE PNK CARGO LAMP OUTPUT TRAILER RIGHT FLASHER TRAILER LEFT FLASHER WIRE PNK COMB SW IN 5 WIRE PNK COMPUTER DATA LINES SYSTEM PNK WIRE PNK OUTPUT 5 OUTPUT 4 OUTPUT 3 WIRE PNK OUTPUT 5 WIRE PNK QA+ WIRE PNK TXD RXD WIRE PNK WIRE PNK/BLU WIRE RED WIRE RED/BLK WIRE RED/BLU WIRE RED/WHT WIRE RED/YEL WIRE RUN WIRE VB VB BATT PNK WIRE VIO WIRE WHT WIRE WHT/BLK WIRE WHT/BLU WIRE WHT/GRN WIRE WHT/RED WIRE WHT/YEL WIRE YEL WIRE YEL/BLK WIRE YEL/GRN WIRE YEL/RED WIRE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PPL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TEMP+ TEMP- GND PPL 1 2 3 4 SIGNAL GND SIGNAL 1 2 3 VCC VOUT GND 1 2 6 CAN-H CAN-L K-LINE 1 2 CAN L CAN H 1 49 IGN ODS IN 2 8 3 4 1 3 1 4 5 2 PWR BATT CAN-H CAN-L GND 2 11 15 29 25 DIAG-K CAN-H CAN-L 2.5L 4.0L 3 1 2 K-LINE CAN-H CAN-L 3 1 2 PWR GND SIG 3 5 1 2 CLU P CLU GND CAN-L CAN-H 4 3 2 1 PPL PWR 4 3 SIG SIG GND 4 7 2 8 VIGN REV RLY CAN-L START RLY 4.0L 4.0L 2.5L 6 25 20 11 IGN RR DEF GND RR DEF REQ 9 10 1 6 BATT-1 BATT-2 CAN-H K-LINE 9 38 39 40 RR DEF SW IGN SW CAN-H CAN-L 16 17 20 REV SEN GND REV SEN VOUT REV SEN VIN 19 20 18 SIGNAL PWR SIGNAL SIG GND 23 12 13 DR SW DR SW DR SW 25 39 40 ANT SIG CAN-H CAN-L 37 38 40 39 KEY SW IGN SW CAN-L CAN-H 46 50 49 EARTH TX RX 51 52 TRAILER LH FLASH TRAILER RH FLASH 67 70 GND BAT 73 67 TW GND-A 85 94 86 K-LINE CAN-H CAN-L & N (AT LEFT REAR WHEEL (BELOW LEFT SIDE OF DASH, NEAR +IG A/C REQUEST FAN ON HAZARD SW 28 29 30 A/T ASSEMBLY A/T CHECK A/T M/T ABS IND. ACTR SW 1 ACTR SW 2 ACTR SW 3 ACTR SW 4 AIR BAG IND AIR BAG OFF IND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONING, DEFOGGER SYSTEMS ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM AT DEVICE ATF SENS 2- ATP IND ATP IND SSOF ATP-SW AUTO ANTI-DAZZLING INSIDE MIRROR AUTO ANTIDAZZLING INSIDE MIRROR BACK-UP LAMPS CIRCUIT BAT ILL CONT LIGHT SW SPEED BETWEEN FULL STROKE, BETWEEN FULL STROKE, N BPFS NC BST PWM BPFS NO BPFS SIG BR FL SW BR FL SW HDC SW BRAKE IND BRAKE NEUT BRAKE PEDAL) BRAKE SW BWD BWD CAN L CAN-H CAN-H CAN-L GND GND CAN-L CAN-H CHARGE IND CLOSE OPEN CLSTR GND CLSTR SUPPLY COMB SW IN 1 COMB SW IN 2 COMB SW IN 3 COMB SW IN 4 COMB SW OUT 1 COMB SW OUT 2 COMB SW OUT 3 COMB SW OUT 4 COMB SW OUT 5 COMBINATION METER COMPT) COMPUTER DATA LINES SYSTEM CONDENSER 1 COOLING FAN CREW CAB CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM CRUISE IND DEFOGGER SYSTEM DEFOGGER, COOLING FANS SYSTEMS DOOR DOOR DOOR DOOR IND DOOR LOCKS SYSTEM DOOR LOCKS, ANTI-THEFT SYTEMS DOOR LOCKS, HEADLIGHTS SYSTEMS DOOR MIRROR DEFOGGER DRIVER AIR BAG MODULE EQUIPPED) EXPRESS DOWN FL IN SOL FL OUT SOL FR BLOWER BAT GND MODE FEED BACK BLEND FEED BACK FR FOG FR IN SOL FR LH PWR FR LH SIG MTR GND FR OUT SOL FRONT AIR FRONT AIR CONTROL FRONT PASSENGER AIR BAG MODULE FTRPS PHASE RH TA FUEL GAUGE FUEL INJECTOR 1 FUEL INJECTOR 2 FUEL INJECTOR 3 FUEL INJECTOR 4 FUEL INJECTOR 5 FUEL INJECTOR 6 FULL STROKE FULL STROKE BETWEEN FULL STROKE, N FUSIBLE LINK A FUSIBLE LINK B FUSIBLE LINK C FUSIBLE LINK D FUSIBLE LINK E FUSIBLE LINK F FUSIBLE LINK G FUSIBLE LINK H FUSIBLE LINK I FUSIBLE LINK J FUSIBLE LINK L FUSIBLE LINK M FUSIBLE LINK N GND 02 GND 2 GND A GND A GND A GND GND GND GND CDCV GND MEM B/U GND PWR GND SIG GND-1 H/LP HI H/LP LO H/LP LO H/LP HI HEADLIGHTS SYSTEM HEADLIGHTS SYSTEM DOOR LOCKS SYSTEM HEADLIGHTS, ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM HIGH BEAM HIGH BEAM IND HORNS SYSTEM HOT AT ALL TIMES HOT IN ACC OR ON HOT IN ON AND START HOT IN ON OR ACC HOT IN ON OR HOT IN ON OR HOT IN ON OR START IG B+ IGN 3 IGN 1 IGN 4 IGN 2 GND A IGN 5 IGN 3 IGN 1 IGN SW IGNITION KEYHOLE ILLUMINATION IND WASHER INJ 3 INJ 1 INJ 4 INJ 2 INJ 5 INJ 3 INJ 1 INJ 6 INJ 4 INJ 2 INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 3 INPUT 4 INPUT 5 INSTRUMENT ILLUMINATION CIRCUIT IPDM E/R (INTELLIGENT POWER K LINE KING CAB LEFT DOOR MIRROR LEFT FRONT POWER SEAT LEFT FRONT TWEETER LEFT REAR DOOR TWEETER LEFT SEAT BELT BUCKLE LEFT TURN IND LINEAR SOL LOW BEAM LOW FUEL IND LOW HIGH OFF LOW OFF ILLUM M/T A/T METER ILLUM MTR - GND NEUT SW MTR GND MTR SPLY DIAG-K ODS LED OF DASH) OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON OIL PRESSURE IND ON DOOR OUTPUT 1 OUTPUT 2 OUTPUT 3 OUTPUT 4 P/WARN CHECK PDPRES CIR SEN PLUG SPARK POWER WINDOWS SYSTEM PPL 4 5 PRESSURE SW CPU OIL PRH - PWR GND R IN SOL R OUT SOL RADIO TUNER REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER RECIRC DOOR CCW IGN REMOTE KEYLESS ENTRY RECEIVER REQ RX TX RIGHT DOOR MIRROR RIGHT FRONT POWER SEAT RIGHT FRONT TWEETER RIGHT REAR DOOR TWEETER RIGHT REAR UPPER DOOR RIGHT TURN IND RL IN SOL RL OUT SOL RR IN SOL RR LH PWR RR LH SIG RR LH PWR RR LH SIG VDC OFF SW RR OUT SOL RX, TX SEAT BELT IND SEATS SYSTEM SEATS, WARNING, DOOR LOCKS, ANTI-THEFT, POWER WINDOWS SYSTEMS SECURITY IND SECURITY IND OUTPUT SENS SUPPLY+ TURBINE SENS 2 SET- SIDE OF DASH) SIG GND SIGNAL GND SIGNAL PWR SLIDE LIMIT SW TILT LIMIT SW SLIP IND SOUND SYSTEM SPARK PLUG SPIRAL CABLE STARTING/ CHARGING SYSTEM STARTING/CHARGING SYSTEM STEERING WHEEL AUDIO CONTROL SWITCHES STOP SW SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINTS SYSTEM SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINTS SYSTEM SEATS SYSTEM TAIL STOP TAIL/L RLY TC BNCSW IGN SW TCM A/T ASSEMBLY TIRE PRESSURE IND TIRE PRESSURE IND, BUZZER TRAILER) TRANSMISSIONS SYSTEM TRANSMISSIONS SYSTEM STARTING/CHARGING SYSTEM TURBINE SENS 1 UN- FASTENED UN- FASTENED FASTENED V MOT VCC V OUT GND VDC OFF IND VIGN MTR + VIGN VIGN W/ CREW CAB W/ FRONT PASSENGER POWER SEAT W/ KING CAB W/O CREW CAB W/O FRONT PASSENGER POWER SEAT W/O HEATED MIRRORS W/ HEATED MIRRORS W/O KING CAB W/O SERVICE REPLACEMENT W/SERVICE REPLACEMENT WARN-LP WARNING SYSTEM WASHER IND WATER TEMP GAUGE WIPER/ WASHER SYSTEM