< WAVEFORM OBSERVATION POINTS >
| PHENOMENON | PROBABLE CAUSE | SOLUTION |
|---|---|---|
| Waveform amplitude is too small or not output at all | ABS sensor fault | Replace the sensor |
| Excessive waveform amplitude (However allowed if above the minimum amplitude of 100 mV) | Excessive vibration or concentricity of the axle hub | Replace the hub |
| AWD-ECU earth fault | Correct | |
| Noise in the waveform or waveform is abnormal | Open circuit of the sensor | Replace the sensor |
| Open circuit of the harness | Replace the harness | |
| ABS sensor installation fault | Correct the installation of the sensor | |
| Chipping or flattening of the ABS rotor | Replace the ABS rotor |
WAVEFORM REFERENCE