Home ReviewsRefund
Home/Land Rover/Range Rover/Land Rover Range Rover L322 (2009-2012)/Repair manual/Suspension/Suspension System - General Information
Contents Wiring diagrams Section: Suspension All sections

Suspension System - General Information Land Rover Range Rover L322

Suspension 8 illustrations ~1049 words

SPECIFICATIONS

ItemSpecification
Type - FrontIndependent MacPherson strut with air springs, gas twin tube dampers, height sensors and stabilizer bar. Driver selectable ride heights - Standard, off-road and access.
Type - RearIndependent with air springs, gas single tube dampers, height sensors and stabilizer bar. Driver selectable ride heights - Standard, off-road and access.
* Nominal heights from hub center to wheel arch (not liner)
Front493 mm (19.4 in)
Rear483 mm (19.0 in)

AIR SPRING SUSPENSION

ItemLeft-handRight-handTotal/Balance
CamberNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees0.33°± 0.75°0.33°± 0.75°0°± 0.75°
Degrees/minutes20'± 45'20'± 45'0°± 45'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees1.08°0.42°1.08°0.42°0.75°0.75°
Degrees/minutes1°5'25'1°5'25'45'45'
CastorNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees6.09°± 0.75°6.09°± 0.75°0°± 0.75°
Degrees/minutes6°5'± 45'6°5'± 45'0°± 45'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees5.34°6.84°5.34°6.84°0.75°0.75°
Degrees/minutes5°20'6° 50'5°20'6° 50'45'45'
ToeNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees0°±0.10°0°±0.10°0°±0.20°
Degrees/minutes0°±6'0°±6'0°±12'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees0.10°0.10°0.10°0.10°0.20°0.20°
Degrees/minutes6'6'6'6'12'12'

WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATION (ALL MARKETS) - FRONT - VEHICLES WITH V8 NATURALLY ASPIRATED ENGINES

Note. All figures are with vehicle at 'Showroom' ride height - full fluids, full tank of fuel, no occupants/luggage, tires inflated to normal pressures

ItemLeft-handRight-handTotal/Balance
CamberNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees0.33°± 0.75°0.33°± 0.75°0°± 0.75°
Degrees/minutes20'± 45'20'± 45'0°± 45'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees1.08°0.42°1.08°0.42°0.75°0.75°
Degrees/minutes1°5'25'1°5'25'45'45'
CastorNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees6.09°± 0.75°6.09°± 0.75°0°± 0.75°
Degrees/minutes6°5'± 45'6°5'± 45'0°± 45'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees5.34°6.84°5.34°6.84°0.75°0.75°
Degrees/minutes5°20'6° 50'5°20'6° 50'45'45'
ToeNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees0.08°±0.10°0.08°±0.10°0.15°±0.20°
Degrees/minutes5'±6'5'±6'9'±12'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees0.03°0.18°0.03°0.18°0.05°0.35°
Degrees/minutes2'11'2'11'3'21'

WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATION (ALL MARKETS) - FRONT - VEHICLES WITH V8 SUPERCHARGED AND DIESEL ENGINES

Note. All figures are with vehicle at 'Showroom' ride height - full fluids, full tank of fuel, no occupants/luggage, tires inflated to normal pressures

ItemLeft-handRight-handTotal/BalanceThrust Angle
CamberNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees1.00°± 0.75°1.00°±0.75°
Degrees/minutes1°± 45'1°± 45'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees1.75°0.25°1.75°0.25°
Degrees/minutes1°45'15'1°45'15'
ToeNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees0.15°± 0.14°0.15°± 0.14°0.30°± 0.20°0°± 0.14°
Degrees/minutes9'± 8'9'± 8'18'± 12'0°± 8'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees0.01°0.29°0.01°0.29°0.10°0.50°0.14°0.14°
Degrees/minutes1'17'1'17'6'30'8'8'

WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATION (ALL MARKETS) - REAR - VEHICLES WITH V8 NATURALLY ASPIRATED ENGINES

Note. All figures are with vehicle at 'Showroom' ride height - full fluids, full tank of fuel, no occupants/luggage, tires inflated to normal pressures

ItemLeft-handRight-handTotal/BalanceThrust Angle
CamberNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees1.00°± 0.75°1.00°±0.75°
Degrees/minutes1°± 45'1°± 45'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees1.75°0.25°1.75°0.25°
Degrees/minutes1°45'15'1°45'15'
ToeNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalToleranceNominalTolerance
Decimal degrees0.10°± 0.14°0.10°± 0.14°0.20°± 0.20°0°± 0.14°
Degrees/minutes6'± 8'6'± 8'12'± 12'0'± 8'
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
Decimal degrees0.04°0.24°0.04°0.24°0°0.40°0.14°0.14°
Degrees/minutes2'14'2'14'0'24'8'8'

WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATION (ALL MARKETS) - REAR - VEHICLES WITH V8 SUPERCHARGED AND DIESEL ENGINES

Note. All figures are with vehicle at 'Showroom' ride height - full fluids, full tank of fuel, no occupants/luggage, tires inflated to normal pressures

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

For a detailed description of the Suspension System and operation, refer to the relevant Description and Operation section of the workshop information. Refer to Front Suspension and Refer to Rear Suspension .

INSPECTION AND VERIFICATION

WARNINGBefore carrying out a road test, make sure the vehicle is safe to do so. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.
CAUTIONDiagnosis by substitution from a donor vehicle is NOT acceptable. Substitution of control modules does not guarantee confirmation of a fault and may also cause additional faults in the vehicle being checked and/or the donor vehicle.

Note. Check and rectify basic faults before beginning diagnostic routines involving pinpoint tests.

  1. Gather as much information from the driver as possible and verify the customer concern by carrying out a road test, as closely as possible reproducing the conditions under which the fault occurs.
  2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical damage. VISUAL INSPECTION Mechanical Tire pressures Damaged wheels or tires Wheel bearing(s) Loose or damaged front or rear suspension components Loose, damaged or missing suspension fastener(s) Damaged or leaking air suspension components Worn or damaged suspension bushing(s) Loose, worn or damaged steering system components Damaged axle components Damaged Chassis
  3. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported condition is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the symptom chart.
  4. If the cause is not visually evident, verify the symptom and refer to the Symptom Chart, alternatively check for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and refer to the DTC Index.

SYMPTOM CHART

SymptomPossible CausesAction
CrabbingIncorrect rear thrust angle Front or rear suspension componentsCheck the rear alignment. Check the front and rear suspension for signs of damage or wear.
Drift/Pull/WanderTire pressures Uneven tire wear Damaged steering components Wheel alignment Brake drag Unevenly loaded or overloaded vehicleCheck and adjust the tire pressures (see visual inspection). Check for uneven tire wear, investigate the cause and rectify as necessary. Check the steering for wear/damage. Check and adjust the wheel alignment as necessary. Check for binding brakes, rectify as necessary. Advise the driver of the load issues.
Front bottoming or riding lowDamaged suspension components Air spring faultCheck the suspension components for damage. Check the dynamic suspension.
Uneven tire wearIncorrect tire pressure (rapid center rib or inner and outer edge wear) Incorrect front or rear toe (rapid inner or outer edge wear) Incorrect camber (rapid inner or outer edge wear) Tires out of balance (tires cupped or dished)Check and adjust the tire pressures (see visual inspection). Check and adjust the wheel alignment as necessary. Balance the wheels and tires as necessary.
Harsh rideDamaged suspension components Air spring faultCheck the suspension components for damage. Check the dynamic suspension.
Shimmy or wheel trampWheels/tires Loose wheel nut(s) Loose front suspension fasteners Front wheel bearing(s) fault Worn or damaged suspension component bushing Loose, worn or damaged ball joint(s) Loose, worn or damaged steering components Front wheel alignmentCheck the wheels and tires for condition and balance. Check and tighten the wheel nuts and suspension fasteners to specification. Check the front wheel bearings, suspension bushings, ball joints and steering components for wear or damage. Check and adjust the wheel alignment as necessary.
Poor return ability of the steering (self-centering)Steering column Ball joints Steering componentsCheck the steering column universal joints, etc. Check the ball joints and other steering components
Sway or rollLoose front or rear stabilizer bar Worn lower suspension arm stabilizer bar insulators Air spring faultCheck the stabilizer bar security and condition. Rectify as necessary. Check the function of the active stabilization system (where installed). Check the air springs.
Vehicle leans to one sideFront or rear suspension components Air spring faultCheck the front and rear suspension. Check the air springs.
Evidence of fluid on rear shock absorberFluid on shock absorber from an external source Fluid leaking from shock absorberShock absorber not faulty, do not renew GO to Pinpoint Test A.

PINPOINT TEST A : SHOCK ABSORBER FLUID LEAK DIAGNOSIS

TEST CONDITIONSDETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
A1: ASSESS LEAK
NOTE: Residual oil left over from the shock absorber assembly process may create oil staining on the shock absorber tube. This will not affect the function of the shock absorber.
NOTE: Slight seepage is considered normal.
1. Assess the extent of the oil leakage
Is the leakage serious enough to indicate that the shock absorber seal has failed? Yes GO to PINPOINT TEST B : CONFIRM LEAK No Shock absorber not faulty, do not renew
NOTE
Residual oil left over from the shock absorber assembly process may create oil staining on the shock absorber tube. This will not affect the function of the shock absorber.
NOTE
Slight seepage is considered normal.

PINPOINT TEST B : CONFIRM LEAK

TEST CONDITIONSDETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS
B1: ROAD TEST
1. Clean all traces of oil from the shock absorber
2. Drive the vehicle over a speed bump or similar ten times
Is any fluid visible on the outside of the shock absorber? Yes Install a new shock absorber No Shock absorber not faulty, do not renew

DTC INDEX

FOUR-WHEEL ALIGNMENT

SPECIAL TOOLS Tool Illustration Tool Name Tool Number Camber setting tool 211-318(LRT-57-045)

Scheme 1

Scheme 1: FOUR-WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Scheme 1: FOUR-WHEEL ALIGNMENT

Note. A change in camber means a change in toe, therefore camber must always be adjusted first.

ALL VEHICLES

Scheme 2

Scheme 2
Scheme 2

Scheme 3

Scheme 3
Scheme 3

Scheme 4

Scheme 4
Scheme 4

Scheme 5

Scheme 5
Scheme 5

Scheme 6

Scheme 6
Scheme 6

Scheme 7

Scheme 7
Scheme 7
  1. Check the tie rod ends, suspension joints, wheel bearings and wheels and tires for damage, wear and free play. Check and adjust the tire pressures. Roll the vehicle backwards and forwards to settle the steering and suspension. Make sure the wheel alignment equipment is properly calibrated.
  2. Note the readings from the steering geometry test equipment and adjust the geometry as required.
  3. Adjust the rear wheel alignment.
  4. Adjust the rear camber. Loosen the rear camber adjusting bolt. Rotate the rear camber adjusting bolt until the correct value is obtained. Tighten the nut to 165 Nm (121 lb.ft). Repeat the above procedure for the other side.
  5. Adjusting the toe. Loosen the tie-rod end lock nut. Turn the eccentric and adjust the toe to the specified value. Tighten the nut to 165 Nm (121 lb.ft). Repeat the above procedure for the other side.
  6. Adjust the front wheel alignment.
  7. Remove the mass damper assembly. Remove the 2 mass damper bolts. Repeat the above procedure for the other side.
  8. Adjust the front camber. Disconnect the active damping wiring. Break off the damper location pin. Loosen the damper nut illustrated. Repeat the above procedure for the other side.
  9. Adjust the front camber. Remove the suspension turret cap. Break off the damper location pin. Loosen the damper nut illustrated. Repeat the above procedure for the other side.
  10. Install the special tool. Loosen the 2 remaining damper nuts. Adjust the camber to the specified value by rotating the nut on the special tool. Tighten the 3 strut nuts to 56 Nm (41 lb.ft). Repeat the above procedure for the other side.
  11. Attach the active damping wiring. Repeat the above procedure for the other side.
  12. Install the mass damper. Tighten the mass damper bolts to 9 Nm (7 lb.ft). Repeat the above procedure for the other side.
  13. Adjust the front toe.
  14. Loosen the tie-rod end lock nut. Align the steering to straight ahead. Adjust the steering gear tie rod, rotate using the hexagon on the tie rod. Check, and if necessary, repeat the wheel alignment procedure until the correct values are obtained. Tighten the tie rod end lock nut to 55 Nm (40 lb.ft). Repeat the above procedure for the other side.

FRONT WHEEL BEARING AND WHEEL HUB RUNOUT CHECK

Note. Some variation in the illustrations may occur, but the essential information is always correct.

Note. LH illustration shown, RH is similar.

Scheme 8

Scheme 8: FRONT WHEEL BEARING AND WHEEL HUB RUNOUT CHECK
Scheme 8: FRONT WHEEL BEARING AND WHEEL HUB RUNOUT CHECK
  1. Raise and support the vehicle.
  2. Remove the road wheel
  3. Release the brake caliper and tie aside.
  4. Remove the front brake disc. Remove the Allen screw.
  5. Thoroughly clean the hub mounting face.
  6. Using special tool (100-053) mount a Dial Test Indicator (DTI) to and secure to the backplate using the upper backplate fixing.
  7. Position the DTI probe on the outer edge of the hub face.
  8. Zero the DTI and rotate the hub one complete revolution to measure hub runout. The hub runout limit is 0.0135 mm.
  9. For additional information, refer to: «FRONT WHEEL BEARING AND WHEEL HUB - REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION»(ref-514458-S24100644292012112100000)
  10. Remove the DTI.
  11. Install the brake disc. Tighten the Torx screw to 35 Nm (26 lb.ft).
  12. Install the brake caliper and tighten the bolts. TORQUE: 275 Nm
  13. Install the road wheel and tighten nuts to 140Nm (103 lb-ft).
  14. Repeat the above procedure on the opposite side.
  15. Depress the brake pedal several times to set brake pads.
  16. Lower the vehicle.