Steering System Land Rover Range Rover L322

STEERING COMPONENT LOCATION

For steering component identification and locations (Scheme 1)

Scheme 1

Servotronic

For control diagram of Servotronic steering controls (Scheme 2)

Scheme 2

Column Adjustment - Without Memory

For control diagram of column adjustment without memory (Scheme 3)

Scheme 3

Column Adjustment - With Memory

For control diagram of column adjustment with memory (Scheme 4)

Scheme 4

Steering Control Diagram - Column Lock

For control diagram of column lock (Scheme 5)

Scheme 5

Steering Control Diagram - Steering Wheel Heating

For control diagram of steering wheel heating (Scheme 6)

Scheme 6

GENERAL

Rack and pinion steering is introduced on Range Rover for the first time. A ZF power assisted steering rack is fitted on the front subframe. The rack is a conventional end take-off rack and pinion power assisted unit with the addition of ZF Servotronic 2 assistance.

Servotronic 2 adds electronic control and speed sensitive steering to the steering rack. The Servotronic 2 feature provides easy and comfortable steering operation when parking, improved ROAD FEEL at increased road speeds and adds an integrated, positive center feel feature which optimizes steering wheel torque during high speed driving.

The Servotronic 2 system is controlled by software which is incorporated into the Body Control Unit (BCU). The software responds to steering torque inputs and road speed signals and controls the assistance via a transducer valve located on the steering rack valve.

The steering column features fully electrical adjustment for tilt and reach. On vehicles fitted with memory seats, the steering wheel position control is incorporated into the memory seat ECU.

The column also features an electronically controlled steering lock. The lock is operated when the ignition switch senses that the correct key has been inserted. An ECU, located inside the steering column, controls a motor operated lock, releasing the steering lock when appropriate.

Steering Column

The steering column comprises the upper column assembly which is connected to the steering rack via several shafts which are connected via flexible couplings and universal joints. (Scheme 7)

Scheme 7

The lower column comprises upper and lower shafts which are connected together as a sliding fit. The sliding fit allows the shafts to collapse in the event of a frontal collision, preventing column intrusion into the vehicle interior. The upper shaft is connected to a flexible coupling and provides the attachment to the upper column. The lower shaft has internal splines which connect with splines on the steering rack valve input shaft. The upper shaft is fitted with a white colored sealing ring and a gaiter. On vehicles from VIN 169000 the sealing ring is no longer fitted and a modified gaiter is used. This modification can be retrofitted to vehicles before VIN 169000 if the steering column requires replacement.

The upper column also comprises two shafts which are also connected together as a sliding fit. The shafts are a double "D" section to prevent rotation. The sliding fit allows the shafts to collapse in the event of a frontal collision further preventing intrusion into the vehicle interior. The lower shaft is connected to the flexible coupling which transfers torque to the lower column and the steering rack. The upper shaft has a splined internal bore which connects with the adjustable upper column assembly.

The upper column assembly comprises two extruded aluminum sections which connect together and can slide on each other in the event of a frontal impact, further preventing column intrusion into the vehicle interior. The column is attached to the cross-car tube with four bolts. A strap is bolted to the upper of the two aluminum sections. The strap is coiled around a bush on the upper section and has a hook which locates on the lower section. In the event of a frontal impact, the strap can unwind, allowing the upper column to collapse in a controlled manner absorbing energy.

The upper column also provides the location for the steering angle sensor which is used by the ABS system.

The upper column provides the locations for the column adjustment motors and the steering lock mechanism and steering lock ECU. The steering lock operates via a locking bolt which engages with a locking sleeve located around the column shaft. The locking sleeve has a tolerance ring which is located between the sleeve and the column. The tolerance ring allows the locking sleeve to slip on the upper column shaft if a high torque is applied to the steering wheel when the lock is engaged. This prevents the locking bolt from being sheared by someone forcibly turning the steering wheel while the steering lock is engaged, yet still effectively locking the steering.

Column Adjustment

The steering column is adjusted using a four way switch located on the LH side of the steering column, below the LH column switch.

The steering column adjustment is achieved by two electric motors and a column adjustment control unit on vehicles without memory seats or by the memory seat ECU on vehicles with memory seats. Both motors are attached to the lock housing/tilt head assembly and move the column via worm drive screws. (Scheme 8)

Scheme 8

The reach adjustment motor drives a screw shaft which moves the column in and out for reach adjustment. The adjustment is achieved by the two extruded aluminum sections which slide on one another. The tilt adjustment motor also drives a screw shaft. This shaft is connected to a cam, which causes the tilt head to pivot, adjusting the column angle.

On vehicles without memory seats, inputs from the column adjustment switch are received by the adjustment control unit located under the column. The control unit interprets the signals from the switch and operates the requested adjustment motor in the required direction.

On vehicles with memory seats, the adjustment control unit is not fitted. Inputs from the column adjustment switch are received by the memory seat ECU which is incorporated into the driver's seat switch pack. The ECU interprets the signals from the switch and operates the requested adjustment motor in the required direction. The motors used on the memory vehicles have Hall effect sensors known as RIPPLE COUNTERS. These counters output the position of the column when the seat memory store function is used and applies this setting to the applicable ignition key.

Column Electronic Steering Lock

With the ignition switch located in the center console, a conventional steering lock mechanism cannot be used. An electronic system was designed which comprises an ignition switch assembly with a position switch and anti-rotational lock and a steering column assembly locking unit with integrated steering lock ECU.

The upper steering column assembly houses the column lock mechanism and ECU. The components are assembled with non-removable pins and is therefore non-serviceable. Failure of any steering lock components will require replacement of the upper steering column assembly.

STEERING LOCK

The steering column lock comprises a locking motor, locking bolt and a safety release solenoid actuator. (Scheme 9) The actuator is required to hold the locking bolt in the unlocked position in the event of power loss during operation. The locking motor drives a cam which moves the locking bolt into and out of engagement with the locking sleeve on the steering column. The locking motor is fitted with a Hall effect sensor which informs the steering lock ECU of the position (locked/unlocked) of the steering lock mechanism.

Scheme 9

STEERING LOCK ECU HARNESS CONNECTOR

For steering lock ECU harness connector location and pin identification (Scheme 10) For steering lock ECU harness connector pin description, see STEERING LOCK ECU HARNESS CONNECTOR C2055 PIN DETAILS table.

STEERING LOCK ECU HARNESS CONNECTOR C2055 PIN DETAILS

Scheme 10

IGNITION SWITCH & LOCKING MECHANISM

The ignition switch assembly also has a locking mechanism which works in conjunction with the immobilization ECU and the steering lock ECU. (Scheme 11) The ignition switch mechanism comprises an ignition switch lock solenoid actuator which prevents the ignition switch being rotated unless the key has been recognized by the immobilization ECU. A Hall sensor is located in the ignition switch body and senses the rotation of the ignition switch. This signal is transmitted on the K-bus and is used by the steering lock ECU to confirm the key status with the immobilization ECU. Refer to Operation later in this section for functional description.

Scheme 11

IGNITION SWITCH LOCK HARNESS CONNECTOR

For ignition switch lock harness connector location and pin identification (Scheme 12) For ignition switch lock harness connector pin description, see IGNITION SWITCH LOCK HARNESS CONNECTOR C0672 PIN DETAILS table.

IGNITION SWITCH LOCK HARNESS CONNECTOR C0672 PIN DETAILS

Scheme 12

STEERING RACK

The steering gear comprises the mechanical steering rack, the valve and an integrated hydraulic power cylinder.

The steering rack uses a rack with an integrated piston which is guided on plain bearings within the rack housing. The pinion, which is attached to the valve runs in bearings and meshes with the rack teeth. The rack is pressed against the pinion by a spring loaded yoke which ensures that the teeth mesh without any play. The pinion is connected to the valve rotor via a torsion bar.

The rotary motion of the steering wheel is converted into axial movement of the rack by the pinion and is initiated by the valve. This motion is transferred into movement of the wheels by adjustable track rod arms.

The rotary valve is used to control the pressurized fluid required for power assistance. The valve comprises a valve body, a control bush and a torsion bar. The valve body has eight control grooves in its bore. The control bush also has eight radial grooves which are matched to the valve. The control bush is positively attached to the pinion. The torsion bar is the connecting element between the valve body, the pinion and the control bush.

Torque input from the steering wheel is passed to the valve body and causes a rotary motion of the torsion bar. The valve body changes its relative position to the control bush and subsequently the relative positions of the control grooves is also changed. This allows pressurized fluid to pass via the mismatched grooves to the rack piston and provide the required assistance in the selected direction.

The piston is located at one end of the rack housing. Each side of the piston is connected to fluid pressure or fluid return via a metal external pipe which is connected to the valve housing.

Each end of the rack has a threaded hole which provides for the fitment of an inner track rod joint. (Scheme 13) The external ends of the rack are sealed with gaiters which prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture. The inner track rod joints has a long outer threaded shank which screws into the outer track rod. The steering toe can be adjusted using the threaded end of the inner track rod. When the correct toe is achieved, a locknut on the inner tie rod is tightened to prevent further inadvertent movement.

Scheme 13

Servotronic Transducer Valve

The Servotronic transducer valve is located in a port on the side of the steering rack valve housing. The valve is sealed in the housing with an "O" ring seal and is secured with two long screws into threaded holes in the housing.

The Servotronic valve is a transducer controlled valve which responds to control signals supplied from the Body Control Unit (BCU). The BCU contains a microprocessor which receives road speed signals from the ABS ECU and calculates the correct controlling signal for the Servotronic valve. The Servotronic software within the BCU has a diagnostic capability which allows TestBook/T4 to check the tune of the steering.

The Servotronic valve determines the hydraulic reaction at the steering rack rotary valve and controls the input torque required to turn the steering wheel. The Servotronic system allows the steering to be turned with minimum effort when the vehicle is stationary or maneuvered at slow speed. The hydraulic reaction changes proportional to the vehicle speed, with the required steering effort increasing as the vehicle moves faster. At high speeds, the Servotronic system provides the driver with a good feedback through the steering providing precise steering and improved stability.

A major advantage of the Servotronic system is that fluid pressure and flow through the rotary valve remains constant and allows full steering pressure to be available in an emergency where a sudden and unexpected steering correction may be required.

POWER ASSISTED STEERING (PAS) PUMP & RESERVOIR

The ZF FP6 PAS fluid pump is a vane type. The pump is driven by a polyvee belt from the engine crankshaft pulley. A tensioner is used to maintain the correct tension on the belt. (Scheme 14)

Scheme 14

The ZF FP6 PAS pump comprises a body which houses the internal components of the pump. A pressure relief valve, which also incorporates a flow control valve, is installed in the housing. Pressure at engine idle is 8 bar (116 psi). The pressure relief valve limits the maximum pressure to between 124-132 Bar (1800-1915 psi). The flow control valve limits the maximum flow to between 9.75-11.25 L/min (2.57-2.97 US gal/min).

A shaft runs longitudinally through the pump. One end of the shaft has a drive flange which accepts the drive pulley. The opposite end is closed by a cover. The shaft runs in bearings located in the body. Oil seals at each end of the shaft prevent leakage.

An oval cam ring is located in the body. Ten vanes are housed in a carrier and rotate within the cam ring. The carrier is mounted in the center of the shaft and receives positive drive from the shaft via a drive pin. The carrier is seated against an end plate which is located in the cover. The front of the carrier is covered by a port plate which is located against a seal plate in the body. The port plate controls the fluid flow into and out of the vanes during their cycle.

The fluid reservoir used is mounted remotely on the LH side of the engine compartment, adjacent to the engine coolant reservoir. (Scheme 14)

HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT OPERATION

The following hydraulic circuits show power steering operation and fluid flow for the steering in a straight ahead, neutral position and when turning right. The circuit diagram for turning left is similar to that shown for turning right.

Steering In Neutral Position

When the engine is started, the PAS pump draws fluid from the reservoir down the low pressure suction line. The fluid passes through the pump and is delivered, via a hose, to the steering rack valve unit.

The pressurized fluid flows through a connecting bore in the valve and, via the feed fluid radial groove and the transverse bores in the valve sleeve, passes to the feed fluid control groove of the valve rotor. (Scheme 15)

In the neutral (straight ahead) position, the fluid passes over the open feed fluid control edges to all valve sleeve axial grooves. The fluid then passes through the open return fluid control edges and the return fluid control grooves of the valve rotor. The fluid then passes via connecting bores to the return fluid chamber and to the reservoir via an external hose.

Simultaneously, the radial grooves of the valve body and their associated pipes provide a connection between the left and right power assist cylinders.

Scheme 15

Steering In Right Turn Position

When the steering wheel is turned to the right, the steering rack and piston moves to the left in the piston bore. The valve rotor is rotated to the right (clockwise) and pressurized fluid is directed over the further opened feed fluid control edges and to the associated axial grooves, the radial groove and via an external pipe to the left power assist cylinder chamber. The pressure applied to the piston from the left power assist cylinder chamber provides the hydraulic assistance.

An adaptable pressure build-up is achieved by the partially or fully closed feed fluid control edges restricting or preventing a connection between the fluid pressure inlet and the other axial grooves connected to the radial groove. (Scheme 16)

Simultaneously, the fluid pressure outlet to the pressurized axial grooves are restricted or partially restricted by the closing return fluid control edges. The fluid displaced by the piston from the right power assist cylinder chamber, flows through an external pipe to the radial grooves. From there the fluid passes to the associated axial grooves and on to the return fluid control grooves, via the further opened return fluid control edges. The return flow of fluid to the reservoir passes via interconnecting bores which lead to the return fluid chamber.

When the steering wheel is turned to the left the operating sequence is as above but the pressure is applied to the opposite side of the piston.

Scheme 16

Servotronic Operation

When the vehicle is maneuvered into and out of a parking space (or other similar maneuver), the Servotronic function of the BCU uses road speed data from the ABS ECU to determine the vehicle speed, which in this case will be slow or stationary. The BCU microprocessor analyses the signals and outputs an appropriate control current to the Servotronic transducer valve. The Servotronic valve closes and prevents fluid flowing from the feed fluid radial groove to the reaction chamber. An orifice also ensures that there is return pressure in the reaction chamber. This condition eliminates any REACTION ensuring that the steering is very light to operate, reducing the effort required to turn the steering wheel.

As the vehicle is driven and the road speed increases, the BCU microprocessor analyses the road speed signals from the ABS ECU and reduces the amount of control current supplied to the Servotronic valve. The Servotronic valve reacts to the control current and opens the valve by an amount appropriate to the road speed. This allows a controlled fluid supply from the feed fluid radial groove to the reaction chamber. The orifice prevents the loss of large amounts of fluid to the return fluid chamber. The higher fluid pressure acting on the reaction piston causes compression of the balls which are located between the reaction piston and the centering piece which in turn is securely connected to the valve sleeve. When driving in a straight line, this has a positive effect on the exact centralizing of the steering valve. When the steering valve is actuated, the balls, with a higher load on them, provide additional torsional resistance to rotation of the valve rotor. This mode of Servotronic assistance requires an established higher steering wheel torque until the hydraulic assistance required in the left or right power assist cylinder is determined.

At high driving speeds, i.e. on a motorway, the Servotronic valve is fully open due to a very low or nonexistent control current supplied from the BCU. This enables maximum pressure supply from the feed fluid radial groove to the reaction piston. When the steering wheel is turned, the reaction pressure increases appropriate to the existing operating pressure and pressurizes the piston in the reaction chamber. As soon as the reaction pressure reaches its upper limit, the fluid is discharged to the return fluid chamber via the cut-off valve and prevents further increases in reaction pressure. This maintains the input torque applied through the steering wheel and provides the driver with an improved ROAD FEEL allowing precise steering and directional stability.

STEERING LOCK ECU OPERATION

The steering lock ECU operates in conjunction with the immobilization ECU and the ignition switch.

Detection Of Unlock Request

When a VALID key is inserted in the ignition switch, the immobilization ECU transmits a VALID KEY IN LOCK message on the K-bus. The steering lock ECU receives this message and starts the unlocking process of operating the steering lock motor to disengage the locking bolt.

The immobilization ECU goes into sleep mode 60 seconds after the vehicle is unlocked and a key is not inserted in the ignition switch. When the key is subsequently inserted in the ignition switch and rotated, the rotation is sensed by the Hall rotation sensor in the switch. Further rotation is prevented by the ignition switch lock solenoid actuator. The rotation sensor transmits a signal which is received by the steering lock ECU. This ECU sends a REQUEST IMMOBILIZATION ECU STATUS message on the K-bus which wakes the immobilization ECU. When the immobilization ECU confirms that a valid key is inserted, the ignition switch lock disengages and the steering lock ECU starts the unlocking process.

If the K-bus is inoperative, the unlocking operation is initiated by the rotation sensor signal. This is indicated to the driver through a delayed operation of the solenoid actuator preventing the key from being turned initially. The solenoid actuator is operated on a delay which will initially prevent the key from being turned. The solenoid actuator will unlock and allow the key to turn on the second attempt. A defect in the K-bus is detected if no response from the immobilization ECU is received after a 2.4 seconds period after the 'request immobilization ECU status' is sent.

Unlocking Of Steering Lock

If the battery voltage is 9V or less, the steering lock will be inoperative.

When a valid key is inserted and confirmed, the steering lock ECU activates the steering lock motor in the unlock direction. Movement from the locked to the unlocked position is detected by the Hall sensor in the motor and sensed by the steering lock ECU.

When the Hall sensor detects that the unlocked position has been reached, the ECU brakes the motor. The safety release solenoid actuator is de-energized and its spring loaded pin drops into a recess in the locking bolt. This forms a mechanical lock securing the locking bolt in the unlocked position preventing the steering lock from being applied when the vehicle is being operated. A Hall sensor in the safety release solenoid actuator informs the steering lock ECU of this condition. Once the unlocking procedure is successfully performed, the steering lock ECU de-energizes the steering lock motor.

Once the steering is successfully unlocked, the ignition switch lock disengages allowing the key to be turned to positions II and III.

Detection Of Locking Request

When the ignition key is turned to position 0, the ignition switch lock solenoid actuator remains active (unlocked) for 16 minutes. This function allows immediate restarting of the vehicle as long as the key is not removed from the ignition switch. When the key is removed, the immobilization ECU senses the removal and transmits a NO VALID KEY IN LOCK message on the K-bus. The steering lock ECU checks that the ignition switch position II or III outputs and the rotation sensor are not active and initiates the steering locking process. This check ensures that the steering is not locked when the vehicle may be being driven.

If the K-bus is inoperative, locking of the steering column is prevented by the steering lock ECU. This is indicated to the driver when attempting to start the vehicle through a delayed operation of the ignition switch lock solenoid actuator preventing the key from being turned initially. The solenoid actuator is operated on a delay which will initially prevent the key from being turned. The solenoid actuator will unlock and allow the key to turn on the second attempt. A defect in the K-bus is detected if no response from the immobilization ECU is received after a 2.4 seconds period after the REQUEST IMMOBILIZATION ECU STATUS is sent.

Locking Of Steering Lock

The battery voltage must be greater than 10 volts and the vehicle must be stationary.

The ABS ECU transmits vehicle speed on a hardwired connection with the steering lock ECU. The steering lock ECU uses the signal to determine when the vehicle has stopped.

When the key is removed and the steering lock ECU receives the NO VALID KEY IN LOCK message from the immobilization ECU, the steering lock motor is activated. The safety release solenoid actuator in the steering column is energized, withdrawing the pin from the locking bolt. The Hall sensor in the solenoid actuator informs the steering lock ECU that the lock is released.

The steering lock ECU then operates the steering lock motor in the lock direction. Movement from the unlocked to the locked position is detected by the Hall sensor in the motor and sensed by the steering lock ECU. The safety release solenoid actuator is de-energized and rests on the locking bolt.

PRELIMINARY CHECKS

Prior to carrying out fault diagnosis of the steering system, the following checks must be carried out and remedial action undertaken as necessary

1. Check that tires fitted are correct to specification.
2. Check/adjust tire pressures.
3. Check that wheel nuts are tightened to the correct torque.
4. Check/adjust front and rear wheel alignment. See «SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) article.
5. Check all steering components for signs of impact damage; ensure that wheel arches are clear of mud and debris.
6. Check all steering ball joints, gaiters, dampers, springs, steering universal joints and steering rack fixings for damage, wear and security; rectify as necessary.
7. Check/top-up PAS fluid level in reservoir, check fluid for contamination - fluid should be Reddish/Brown in color. If discoloration is evident, suspect faulty steering rack seals or hoses.
8. Check reservoir filler cap for damage.
9. Check PAS pump drive belt for wear and that it is tensioned correctly.
10. Check brake pads for oil contamination/uneven wear, brake discs for condition and brake callipers for correct operation, sticking piston(s) etc.
11. Check all fluid pipes and hoses for chafing, leaks, corrosion and that they are routed correctly.
12. Check that carpets and wiring harnesses are not fouling steering column.
13. Carry out a short road test, during test, operate steering on full left and right hand lock. Check steering for unusual noises and vibration.

FAULT DIAGNOSIS

1. Steering wheel misaligned when road wheels are in the straight ahead position: Check/adjust front wheel alignment. See «SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) article.
2. Free play at the steering wheel, or the vehicle wanders from side to side on the road, when the vehicle is steered straight ahead: Check/tighten the steering wheel nut. Check steering linkage for excessive play. Check steering column universal joint(s) for wear and pinch bolts for correct torque. Check steering rack fixings for correct torque.
3. Vehicle veers to one side when driven on a level surface: Check tires for uneven wear. Check that the vehicle is not unevenly loaded or overloaded. Check/adjust front wheel alignment. Check for damaged or worn front suspension components. Steering Rack Leaking Internally Carry out power steering pressure test. Check alignment of front and rear subframes.
4. Poor self-centering: Check steering column universal joint(s) for corrosion and wear. Check that steering column nacelle is not rubbing on the steering wheel - Reposition nacelle. Check that pinion dust seal is not fouling floor aperture/steering column and that seal is in good condition. Check/adjust front wheel alignment.
5. Excessive steering effort required during low speed maneuvering/parking: Engine Idle Speed Too Low Adjust idle speed using TestBook/T4. PAS Or Fluid Cooler Hose(s) Or Pipe(s) Restricted By Debris Replace hose(s) or pipe(s) as necessary. Steering Transducer Is Not Closed/No Feed Voltage Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS. Steering Transducer Is Not Closed/Cable Fault Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS. Steering Control Module (SCM) Faulty Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS. PAS Fluid Delivery Pressure/Flow Too Low Carry out power steering pressure test. Internal Fluid Leakage Carry out power steering pressure test.
6. Steering is heavy to turn when driving but is normal when vehicle is stationary: Steering Transducer Opens Too Soon Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS. Steering Transducer Opens Too Soon/Possible Steering Control Module (SCM) Fault Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS. Steering Transducer Opens Too Soon/Possible Speedometer Signal Error Check the speedometer circuit - Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS.
7. Steering is very light when driving but is normal when stationary maneuvering: Steering Transducer Is Not Open/No PAS Fluid Flow Check PAS fluid condition - possible contamination. Steering Transducer Is Not Open/Possible Steering Control Module (SCM) Fault Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS. Steering Transducer Is Not Open/Possible Speedometer Signal Error Check the speedometer circuit - Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS. PAS Fluid Reservoir Filter Blocked Replace PAS reservoir.
8. Steering is heavy during rapid movement of the steering wheel: Air entering from the feed side of the PAS system and becoming entrained in the PAS fluid. Engine Idle Speed Too Low Adjust idle speed using TestBook/T4. PAS Fluid Delivery Pressure Or Flow Too Low Carry out power steering pressure test.
9. Steering is heavy in either direction: Lower steering column fouled by carpet or wiring harness. Check/adjust front wheel alignment. Faulty Rotary Valve/Seal Carry out power steering pressure test. Tire(s) fouling wheel arch liner/suspension components.
10. Steering is heavy in both directions: Air In PAS System Bleed PAS system. Engine Idle Speed Too Low Adjust idle speed using TestBook/T4. Faulty Rotary Valve/Seal Carry out power steering pressure test. PAS Fluid Delivery Pressure Or Flow Too Low Carry out power steering pressure test. Steering Column Shaft Universal Joint(s) Stiff Or Seized Check/replace components. Front hub or steering ball joints seized. Steering rack seized or worn.
11. Steering varies from heavy to light when driving at a constant speed: Incorrect Speedometer Signal Check the speedometer circuit - Refer to the Circuit Diagrams. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS. Steering Transducer Cable/Connection Faulty Or Grounded Refer to the circuit diagram. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS.
12. Uncharacteristic steering effort/speed relationship: Steering Transducer Circuit Refer to the circuit diagram. See «ELECTRONIC POWER STEERING»(ref-159346-S31401663622003120100000) in SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS.
13. Steering varies from light to heavy twice per steering wheel revolution: Steering Column Shaft Universal Joint(s) Binding Check/replace components.
14. Excessive kick-back through steering wheel when driven on rough terrain: Excessive free-play in steering ball joints and linkage. Steering rack badly worn. Excessive Free-Play In Front Hub Bearing Replace hub/hub bearings. Front suspension bushes worn.
15. Noise emanating from the system: PAS Pump Check pump retaining bolts, drive flange and pulley. Noise From PAS Pump When A Load Is Applied Check belt for condition and that belt is correctly tensioned. PAS Pump Drive Belt Check belt and tensioner for condition and that belt is correctly tensioned. Noise Increases When Load Is Applied To The System Check system for leaks, rectify as necessary. Carry out power steering pressure test. Start-Up Noise In Extreme Cold Conditions Noise should disappear as system warms up, if noise persists, carry out power steering pressure test. Whining Noise From System, Increasing When Load Is Applied Check system for leaks, rectify as necessary. Carry out power steering pressure test. Noise During Steering Gear Movement Possible water contamination of PAS fluid, drain system and refill with fresh fluid. Noise During Steering Gear Movement Cavitation due to restricted PAS or fluid cooler hose(s) or pipe(s) - Replace hose(s) or pipe(s) as necessary.
16. Steering vibration: Loose/worn steering ball joints. Steering rack bolts loose. Loose/worn suspension bushes or ball joints. Steering column retaining bolts loose. Steering rack mounting bushes worn. Excessive wear in steering column assembly.
17. Steering wheel shimmy (vibration) as follows: Road wheel imbalance. Worn front suspension components, mountings, loose fixings. Check/adjust steering geometry. See «SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) article. Vibration increases under light brake application - Check brake disc thickness. See «DISC»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/mechanical-hydraulic/#disc) article.

Scheme 17

1. Clean PAS fluid reservoir around filler cap and fluid level indicators.
2. Check power steering fluid, if aerated, wait until fluid is free from bubbles then top-up reservoir to UPPER level mark with recommended fluid. (Scheme 17)
3. Fit reservoir filler cap.

Bleed

1. Remove filler cap from reservoir and fill to UPPER level mark with recommended fluid. Fluid must always be present in reservoir during bleeding. (Scheme 18)
2. Start engine and allow to run at idle for 10 seconds. Stop engine.
3. Top-up steering fluid reservoir.
4. Start engine and turn steering fully to LH and RH locks. Stop engine.
5. Top-up steering fluid reservoir.
6. Start and run engine for 2 minutes, turn steering fully to RH and LH locks. CAUTION: DO NOT hold steering at full lock for longer than 10 seconds.

FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT - CHECK & ADJUST

Note. Before disconnecting the battery, ensure all text and cautions in the battery disconnection section are observed. See ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS .

For wheel alignment specifications and procedures. See SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES article.

STEERING GEOMETRY

Note. Before disconnecting the battery, ensure all text and cautions in the battery disconnection section are observed. See ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS .

For steering geometry checks and adjustments. See SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES article.

POWER STEERING PRESSURE TEST

Note. Before disconnecting the battery, ensure all text and cautions in the battery disconnection section are observed. See ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS .

Check

1. Position vehicle on lift.
2. Disconnect battery earth lead.
3. Siphon PAS fluid from reservoir.
4. Remove undertray. See «76.11.81 UNDERTRAY -- FRONT»(ref-208059-S32217400672005120200000).
5. Position a suitable container below PAS pump.
6. Loosen union nut, disconnect PAS outlet hose from pump and discard "O" ring. (Scheme 19)
7. Fit adaptor LRT-57-034A to high pressure port of PAS pump. (Scheme 20)
8. Fit adaptor LRT-57-035 to existing high pressure hose.
9. Fit hose LRT-57-002 to each adapter.
10. Fit pressure gauge LRT-57-005 to test valve LRT-57-001.
11. Connect hoses LRT-57-002 to LRT-57-001 and tighten unions.
12. Connect battery earth lead.
13. Ensure steering system and test equipment are free from leaks.
14. Maintain maximum fluid level during test.
15. With the test valve open, start the engine.
16. With the engine at idle, slowly turn the steering wheel and hold on full lock.
17. Repeat procedure for other lock.
18. Record pressure reading.
19. With the engine at idle, release the steering wheel. Pressure should read below 7 bar (101.5 psi).
20. Pressures outside the above tolerance indicates a fault.
21. To determine if fault is in steering pump or steering rack, close the test valve for a maximum of 5 seconds. CAUTION: Pump damage will occur if test valve is closed for longer periods.
22. If figures recorded fall outside the values specificed, replace the PAS pump. See «POWER ASSISTED STEERING (PAS) PUMP & RESERVOIR»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__power-assisted-steering-pas-pump) under DESCRIPTION.
23. If maximum pump pressure is correct, suspect the steering rack.
24. On completion stop engine, disconnect battery earth lead and siphon fluid from PAS reservoir.
25. Dismantle test equipment.
26. PAS pump and pipe union.
27. Fit NEW "O" ring to high pressure outlet pipe union, align to PAS pump and tighten PAS pump high pressure pipe union to 25 Nm (18 ft. lbs.).
28. Remove container from below PAS pump.
29. Dispose of PAS fluid and clean container.
30. Connect battery earth lead.
31. Refill and bleed PAS system. See «POWER ASSISTED STEERING (PAS) SYSTEM - BLEED»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system).
32. Fit undertray. See «76.11.81 UNDERTRAY -- FRONT»(ref-208059-S32217400672005120200000).

Scheme 18

Scheme 19

REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

Note. Before disconnecting the battery, ensure all text and cautions in the battery disconnection section are observed. See ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS .

Scheme 20

Scheme 21

Scheme 22

Scheme 23

Scheme 24

Scheme 25

Scheme 26

Scheme 27

Scheme 28

1. Position the vehicle on a lift.
2. Rotate steering wheel to straight ahead position, align pinion timing marks and remove ignition key. CAUTION: DO NOT turn the steering wheel with the intermediate shaft or universal joint disconnected as damage to the rotary coupler and the steering wheel switches may occur.
3. Disconnect battery earth lead. CAUTION: After switching off the ignition, wait 2 minutes before disconnecting the battery. Failure to wait two minutes will damage the navigation computer.
4. Loosen the 6 nuts securing both LH and RH front air springs to suspension turrets. (Scheme 21)
5. Remove front road wheels.
6. Raise vehicle.
7. Remove undertray. See «76.11.81 UNDERTRAY -- FRONT»(ref-208059-S32217400672005120200000).
8. Remove 4 bolts securing the differential air flow panel and remove the panel. (Scheme 22)
9. Remove nut securing LH height sensor link to lower arm and release link. (Scheme 23)
10. Remove and discard cable tie, disconnect LH height sensor multiplug. (Scheme 24)
11. Remove 2 bolts securing LH height sensor and remove height sensor. (Scheme 25)
12. Remove and discard nut securing LH track rod end ball joint to steering arm.
13. Fit an M14 nut to ball pin, flush with end of pin.
14. Using LRT-57-036 separate ball pin from steering arm. Remove M14 nut and release ball pin from steering arm. (Scheme 26) CAUTION: Ensure ball joint seal is not damaged. A damaged seal will lead to premature failure of the joint.
15. Remove and discard nut securing RH track rod end ball joint to steering arm.
16. Fit an M14 nut to ball pin, flush with end of pin.
17. Using LRT-57-036 separate ball pin from steering arm. Remove M14 nut and release ball pin from steering arm. (Scheme 27) CAUTION: Ensure ball joint seal is not damaged. A damaged seal will lead to premature failure of the joint.
18. Remove and discard bolt securing LH lower arm to subframe. (Scheme 28)
19. Remove and discard bolt securing LH tie rod to subframe. (Scheme 29)
20. Release lower arm and tie rod from subframe. Support weight of both arms.
21. Fit LRT-54-026 to the LH driveshaft inboard joint. (Scheme 30)
22. Using levers, release driveshaft from differential and remove and discard clip.
23. Support the LH driveshaft.
24. Remove LRT-54-026 from LH driveshaft inboard joint.
25. Remove 2 nuts securing links to anti-roll bar and disconnect links. (Scheme 31) CAUTION: Use an open ended spanner on flats provided to prevent ball joint rotating.
26. Remove and discard Torx bolt from steering column lower clamp. (Scheme 32)
27. Disconnect steering column from steering rack pinion.
28. Disconnect multiplug from steering rack pinion sensor. (Scheme 33)
29. Remove bolt securing PAS feed hose to steering rack. see scheme 34
30. Position container to collect PAS fluid spillage. CAUTION: Before disconnecting or removing components, ensure the immediate area around joint faces and connections are clean. Plug open connections to prevent contamination.
31. Remove banjo bolts securing fluid feed and return pipes to steering rack and discard sealing washers. see scheme 35 CAUTION: Note fitted position of PAS feed and return pipes for refit.
32. Remove and discard 2 bolts and 2 nuts securing steering rack to subframe. see scheme 36
33. With assistance, carefully release and rotate steering rack. Remove rack from LH side. see scheme 37
34. Loosen track rod end locknuts. see scheme 38
35. Remove track rod ends, note the number of turns for refit.
36. Remove and discard locking rings.
37. Remove locking nuts.

Installation

1. Fit locking nuts to track rods.
2. Fit NEW locking rings to track rods, ensure taper faces track rod end. see scheme 39
3. Fit track rod ends to track rods by the number of turns noted on removal.
4. Fit steering rack, tighten new bolts and nuts to 100 Nm (74 ft. lbs.), then tighten a further 90°.
5. Align PAS feed hose to steering rack and tighten securing bolt.
6. Clean fluid hoses and mating faces.
7. Using NEW sealing washers, fit PAS pipes and tighten M16 banjo bolt to 40 Nm (30 ft. lbs.) and M14 banjo bolt to 36 Nm (26 ft. lbs.).
8. Connect multiplug to steering rack pinion sensor.
9. Ensure pinion timing marks are aligned and connect steering column to steering rack pinion. Fit and tighten new clamp Torx bolt to 24 Nm (18 ft. lbs.). see scheme 40
10. Remove LH driveshaft support.
11. Fit new clip to LH driveshaft.
12. Fit LH driveshaft to differential ensuring clip is fully engaged. CAUTION: Pull the drive shaft to ensure the clip is fully engaged and retains the shaft.
13. Remove LH tie rod and lower arm support.
14. Position LH lower arm and align to subframe fit new bolt but do not tighten at this stage. CAUTION: Nuts and bolts must be tightened with weight of vehicle on suspension.
15. Position LH tie rod and align to subframe fit new bolt but do not tighten at this stage. CAUTION: Nuts and bolts must be tightened with weight of vehicle on suspension.
16. Connect anti-roll bar links, fit nuts and tighten to 100 Nm (74 ft. lbs.).
17. Position height sensor assembly to subframe, fit and tighten bolts to 2.5 Nm (1.8 ft. lbs.). CAUTION: Ensure height sensor arm is pointing outwards.
18. Connect height sensor multiplug.
19. Correctly position height sensor harness and secure with new cable tie.
20. Connect track rod ends to steering arms, fit new nuts and tighten to 80 Nm (59 ft. lbs.).
21. Fit air flow panel and tighten bolts to 45 Nm (33 ft. lbs.).
22. Fit undertray. See «76.11.81 UNDERTRAY -- FRONT»(ref-208059-S32217400672005120200000).
23. Fit road wheel(s) and tighten nuts to 140 Nm (103 ft. lbs.).
24. Lower vehicle.
25. Tighten bolt securing LH lower arm to subframe to 165 Nm (121 ft. lbs.) plus a further 90°.
26. Tighten bolt securing LH tie rod to subframe to 165 Nm (121 ft. lbs.) plus a further 90°.
27. Tighten front air spring securing nuts on both RH and LH suspension turrets to 56 Nm (42 ft. lbs.).
28. Connect the battery earth lead.
29. Bleed PAS system. See «POWER ASSISTED STEERING (PAS) SYSTEM - BLEED»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system).
30. Check and adjust front wheel alignment. See «SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) article.

Removal

1. Disconnect battery earth lead.
2. Remove front grille. See «76.55.03 FRONT GRILLE»(ref-208059-S30557235592005120200000).
3. Remove radiator assembly. See «DRAINING & REFILLING COOLING SYSTEM»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/accessory-drive-belts/#specifications-drive-belt-routing__draining-refilling-cooling-system).
4. Position container to collect PAS fluid spillage.
5. Release and disconnect PAS hoses from fluid cooler. see scheme 41 CAUTION: Before disconnecting or removing components, ensure the immediate area around joint faces and connections are clean. Plug open connections to prevent contamination.
6. Release cooling pack from LH mounting bracket. see scheme 42
7. Release 2 clips securing fan cowl to cooling pack and position the fan cowl aside. see scheme 43
8. Carefully release and remove PAS cooler from the cooling pack. see scheme 44

1. Clean PAS cooler pipe connections.
2. Fit and secure PAS cooler.
3. Fit and secure fan cowl to the cooling pack.
4. Fit cooling pack to the mounting bracket.
5. Fit and secure PAS hoses to cooler.
6. Fit radiator assembly. See «DRAINING & REFILLING COOLING SYSTEM»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/accessory-drive-belts/#specifications-drive-belt-routing__draining-refilling-cooling-system) .
7. Fit front grille. See «76.55.03 FRONT GRILLE»(ref-208059-S30557235592005120200000) .
8. Connect the battery earth lead.
9. Top-up PAS reservoir and bleed system. See «POWER ASSISTED STEERING (PAS) SYSTEM - BLEED»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system) .

PUMP - POWER STEERING

Note. Before disconnecting the battery, ensure all text and cautions in the battery disconnection section are observed. See ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS .

Scheme 29

1. Position vehicle on lift.
2. Disconnect battery earth lead.
3. Remove undertray. See «76.11.81 UNDERTRAY -- FRONT»(ref-208059-S32217400672005120200000).
4. Loosen 2 ancillary drive belt tensioner bolts. see scheme 45
5. Rotate tensioner fully clockwise to release tension on drive belt.
6. Release ancillary drive belt from tensioner pulley. see scheme 46
7. Release ancillary drive belt from PAS pump pulley.
8. Place container beneath PAS pump, release pipe union and allow fluid to drain. see scheme 47 Plug connections.
9. Release clip and disconnect PAS feed hose from PAS pump. Plug connections.
10. Remove 2 Allen bolts and 1 nut. see scheme 48 Remove PAS pump. NOTE: DO NOT carry out further dismantling if component is removed for access only.
11. Hold PAS pump center shaft using an Allen key and loosen PAS pump pulley bolts.
12. Remove bolts and remove PAS pump pulley.
13. Remove 5 Torx screws and remove brackets from PAS pump.

1. Fit brackets to PAS pump and tighten 5 Torx bolts securing PAS pump brackets to 25 Nm (18 ft. lbs.).
2. Position PAS pump pulley to PAS pump, fit and finger tighten bolts.
3. Secure PAS pump center shaft using an Allen key and tighten 3 bolts securing PAS pump pulley to 25 Nm (18 ft. lbs.).
4. Position PAS pump to mounting, fit Allen bolts and securing nut. Tighten Allen bolts to 10 Nm (7 ft. lbs.) and securing nut to 25 Nm (18 ft. lbs.).
5. Remove plug connections, connect PAS feed hose to PAS pump and secure with clip.
6. Clean PAS pump and pipe union.
7. Fit new "O" ring to high pressure pipe union, align to PAS pump and tighten PAS pump high pressure pipe union to 25 Nm (18 ft. lbs.).
8. Fit ancillary drive belt to all pulleys except tensioner pulley. see scheme 49
9. Fit ancillary drive belt to tensioner pulley. Ensure ancillary drive belt is aligned to all pulleys.
10. Tension ancillary drive belt.
11. Tighten tensioner clamp bolts to 30 Nm (22 ft. lbs.).
12. Fit undertray. See «76.11.81 UNDERTRAY -- FRONT»(ref-208059-S32217400672005120200000).
13. Connect battery earth lead.
14. Fill and bleed PAS system. See «POWER ASSISTED STEERING (PAS) SYSTEM - BLEED»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system).

COLUMN ASSEMBLY - INNER & OUTER

Note. Before disconnecting the battery, ensure all text and cautions in the battery disconnection section are observed. See ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS .

1. Move drivers seat fully rearwards for access.
2. Remove drivers side footwell closing panel. See «76.46.28 CLOSING PANEL -- DRIVER'S SIDE»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/exteriorinterior-trim/#interior-fittings).
3. Secure bonnet in upright position using service clips.
4. If steering wheel is not locked, turn wheel to obtain better access to steering column shaft upper Torx clamp bolt.
5. Disconnect battery earth lead.
6. Working from under bonnet, remove and discard upper Torx bolt from steering coupling. see scheme 50
7. Remove rotary coupler assembly: For 2002 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(ref-150763-S07407098522002112100000). For 2003 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems). For 2004-05 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(ref-170462-S26672941462005011000000).
8. On models with manual steering column control only: Disconnect multiplug from steering column control module. see scheme 51
9. Disconnect multiplugs from steering column adjustment and lock motors. see scheme 52
10. Remove cable tie and disconnect multiplug from steering angle sensor. Protect fascia shroud adjacent to steering column aperture.
11. Release closing panel light harness, from securing clip in column frame. see scheme 53
12. Remove 4 bolts from steering column, carefully release column shaft from steering coupling and with assistance, remove column assembly from vehicle. see scheme 54
13. Ensure nylon sealing ring is fitted to steering shaft. If sealing ring is missing, remove it from column gaiter and fit to redundant steering shaft. see scheme 55 NOTE: DO NOT carry out further dismantling if component is removed for access only.
14. Remove nut and bolt from lower steering shaft to column, remove shaft. see scheme 56
15. Models with manual steering column control only: Remove 2 screws from steering control module and remove module.

1. Models with manual steering column control only: Fit steering control module, secure with screws.
2. Fit lower steering shaft to column and secure with nut and bolt, tighten to 25 Nm (18 ft. lbs.).
3. Lubricate steering column nylon sealing ring.
4. Carefully position steering column assembly to vehicle. With assistance align steering column shaft to steering coupling, ensure groove in shaft aligns with bolt hole in steering column.
5. Fit steering coupling Torx bolt to ensure shaft is correctly aligned.
6. Ensure nylon sealing ring is located in groove within steering column gaiter.
7. Fit and finger tighten bolts securing steering column to fascia rail.
8. Ensure fascia rail locating pegs are aligned to steering column assembly, tighten bolts to 25 Nm (18 ft. lbs.).
9. Working from under bonnet, tighten steering coupling Torx bolt to 25 Nm (18 ft. lbs.).
10. Fit closure panel light harness clip to frame and secure harness to column.
11. Connect multiplug to steering angle sensor, secure harness with cable tie.
12. Connect multiplugs to steering column adjustment and lock motors.
13. Models with manual steering column control only: Connect multiplug to steering column control module.
14. Fit rotary coupler assembly: For 2002 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(ref-150763-S07407098522002112100000) . For 2003 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems) . For 2004-05 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(ref-170462-S26672941462005011000000) .
15. Fit drivers side footwell closing panel. See «76.46.28 CLOSING PANEL -- DRIVER'S SIDE»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/exteriorinterior-trim/#interior-fittings) .
16. Connect battery earth lead.
17. Connect bonnet support gas struts to body.
18. Check operation of steering column tilt, extension and lock motors.
19. Testbook/T4 must be used to initiate a NEW steering angle sensor. The initiation procedure can be found in Testbook/T4 by selecting the following icons: System Diagnosis ABS Vehicle Maintenance

1. Remove steering column assembly. See «COLUMN ASSEMBLY - INNER & OUTER»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__column-assembly-inner-outer).
2. Release steering angle sensor from retaining clip and remove from shaft. see scheme 57

1. Position steering angle sensor to shaft and secure to retaining clip. NOTE: Make sure the steering angle sensor is correctly aligned to the steering shaft.
2. Fit steering column assembly. See «COLUMN ASSEMBLY - INNER & OUTER»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__column-assembly-inner-outer) .
3. Testbook/T4 must be used to initiate a new steering angle sensor. The initiation procedure can be found in Testbook/T4 by selecting the following icons: System Diagnosis ABS Vehicle Maintenance

Scheme 30

1. Fully extend the steering column for access.
2. Remove 3 Torx screws securing steering column nacelle. Steering wheel removed from graphic for illustration purposes only. see scheme 58
3. Release nacelle from clips securing assembly to column extension gaiter.
4. Remove steering column nacelle.

1. Push steering column extension gaiter fully forwards and fit lower half of nacelle.
2. Fit and tighten the 2 T25 Torx screws. ENSURE the lower half of nacelle does not foul the steering wheel.
3. Fit upper half of nacelle and ensure that clips engage with lower half.
4. Secure upper half of nacelle with T20 Torx screw.
5. Fit and secure steering column extension gaiter to nacelle. ENSURE the nacelle does not foul the steering wheel.

1. Remove rotary coupler: For 2002 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(ref-150763-S07407098522002112100000). For 2003 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems). For 2004-05 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(ref-170462-S26672941462005011000000).
2. Release clip securing switch to rotary coupler and remove switch assembly. see scheme 59

1. Position switch assembly to rotary coupler, fit and secure clip.
2. Fit rotary coupler: For 2002 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(ref-150763-S07407098522002112100000) . For 2003 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems) . For 2004-05 models, see «ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)»(ref-170462-S26672941462005011000000) .

1. Raise front of vehicle. WARNING: DO NOT work on or under a vehicle supported only by a jack. Always support the vehicle on safety stands.
2. Remove front road wheel.
3. Loosen track rod end locknut.
4. Remove nut from ball pin and discard.
5. Fit an M14 nut to ball pin, flush with end of pin.
6. Using LRT-57-036 separate ball pin from steering arm. Remove M14 nut and release ball pin from steering arm. see scheme 60
7. Remove track rod end, note the number of turns for refit.
8. Remove and discard locking ring.

1. Fit locking ring ensuring taper faces towards track rod end. see scheme 39
2. Fit track rod end to track rod the number of turns noted on removal.
3. Clean track rod end taper and taper seat.
4. Connect track rod end to steering arm, fit new nut and tighten to 80 Nm (59 ft. lbs.).
5. Fit road wheel and tighten nuts to 140 Nm (103 ft. lbs.).
6. Remove stands and lower vehicle.
7. Check and adjust front wheel alignment. See «FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT - CHECK & ADJUST»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/manual-power-steering/#steering-system__front-wheel-alignment-check).

Scheme 31

Scheme 32

1. Remove airbag module from steering wheel: For 2002 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-150763-S39206298822002112100000). For 2003 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems). For 2004-05 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-170462-S42785469752005011000000).
2. Models with heated steering wheel: Disconnect multiplug from rotary coupler. CAUTION: Centralize the steering wheel with the road wheels in the straight ahead position. This will ensure that the rotary coupler is locked as the steering wheel is removed.
3. Restrain steering wheel and remove retaining bolt. see scheme 61
4. On RHD vehicles: With the wheels in the straight ahead position, the bottom timing mark on the steering column must be aligned with the steering wheel mark. see scheme 62 NOTE: The steering column timing marks are 105° apart.
5. LHD vehicles: With the wheels in the straight ahead position, the bottom timing mark on the steering column must be aligned with the steering wheel mark. see scheme 63 NOTE: The steering column timing marks are 105° apart.
6. Note wheel to column alignment marks and remove steering wheel. NOTE: DO NOT carry out further dismantling if component is removed for access only.
7. On models with heated steering wheel: Release multiplugs from clips on steering wheel and ECU, disconnect multiplug and remove the heated steering wheel ECU.
8. Remove 4 screws securing steering wheel trim and remove trim pieces.
9. Remove airbag retainers.

1. Fit airbag retainers.
2. Fit trim and secure with screws.
3. On models with heated steering wheel: Position heated steering wheel ECU, connect multiplug and fit ECU into location. Fit multiplugs into clips.
4. Ensure road wheels are straight ahead and rotary coupler is locked in correct position.
5. Carefully fit steering wheel, engage coupler and align to column.
6. Fit steering wheel retaining bolt and tighten to 63 Nm (46 ft. lbs.).
7. On models with heated steering wheel: Connect multiplug to rotary coupler.
8. Fit drivers airbag: For 2002 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-150763-S39206298822002112100000) . For 2003 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems) . For 2004-05 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-170462-S42785469752005011000000) .

SWITCH UNIT - STEERING WHEEL

Note. Before disconnecting the battery, ensure all text and cautions in the battery disconnection section are observed. See ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS .

1. Make the SRS system safe: For 2002 models, see «DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM»(ref-150763-S21419908862002112100000). For 2003 models, see «DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems). For 2004-05 models, see «DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM»(ref-170462-S05676289472005011000000). WARNING: ALWAYS disconnect both battery leads before beginning work on the SRS system. Disconnect the negative lead first. Never reverse connect the battery.
2. Remove airbag module from steering wheel: For 2002 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-150763-S39206298822002112100000). For 2003 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems). For 2004-05 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-170462-S42785469752005011000000).
3. Remove 2 Torx screws and release switch unit from airbag. see scheme 64
4. Disconnect multiplugs from switch unit and remove switch.

1. Position switch unit and connect multiplugs.
2. Fit switch unit to airbag and tighten Torx screws to 2.5 Nm (1.8 ft. lbs.).
3. Fit airbag module to steering wheel: For 2002 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-150763-S39206298822002112100000) . For 2003 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems) . For 2004-05 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-170462-S42785469752005011000000) .
4. Connect battery leads, earth lead last.

ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU) - HEATED STEERING WHEEL

Scheme 33

1. Make the SRS system safe: For 2002 models, see «DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM»(ref-150763-S21419908862002112100000). For 2003 models, see «DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems). For 2004-05 models, see «DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM»(ref-170462-S05676289472005011000000). WARNING: ALWAYS disconnect both battery leads before beginning work on the SRS system. Disconnect the negative lead first. Never reverse connect the battery.
2. Remove airbag module from steering wheel: For 2002 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-150763-S39206298822002112100000). For 2003 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems). For 2004-05 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-170462-S42785469752005011000000).
3. Disconnect multiplug from rotary coupler. see scheme 65
4. Release multiplugs from clips on steering wheel and ECU, disconnect multiplug and remove the ECU.

1. Position ECU, connect multiplug and fit ECU into location. Fit multiplugs into clips.
2. Connect multiplug to rotary coupler.
3. Fit airbag module to steering wheel: For 2002 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-150763-S39206298822002112100000) . For 2003 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(/land-rover/range-rover/l322-2002-2005/remont/airbag/#air-bag-restraint-systems) . For 2004-05 models, see «DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE»(ref-170462-S42785469752005011000000) .

TORQUE SPECIFICATION

TORQUE SPECIFICATION

See also:
• SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES
• DISC
• ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS
• DRAINING & REFILLING COOLING SYSTEM
• 76.46.28 CLOSING PANEL -- DRIVER'S SIDE
• ROTARY COUPLER (CLOCKSPRING)
• STEERING LOCK ECU HARNESS CONNECTOR C2055 PIN DETAILS
• POWER ASSISTED STEERING (PAS) PUMP & RESERVOIR
• COLUMN ASSEMBLY - INNER & OUTER
• FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT - CHECK & ADJUST