NOTICES, CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS
As you read through the various procedures, you will encounter Notices, Cautions and Warnings. Each one is there for a specific purpose. Notices give you added information that will assist you in completing a particular procedure. Cautions prevent you from making an error that could damage the vehicle. Warnings remind you to be especially careful in specific areas where carelessness can cause personal injury.
The following items contain general procedures you should always follow when working on a vehicle
PROTECTION OF VEHICLE
Always cover fenders, seats, and floor areas before starting work. Operate the engine only in a well-ventilated area to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.
Scheme 20
A WORD ABOUT SAFETY
The following precautions must be followed when jacking up the vehicle
- Block the wheels.
- Use only the specified jacking positions.
- Support the vehicle with safety stands.
The engine compartment must be clear of tools and people before starting the engine.
Scheme 21
PREPARATION OF TOOLS AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT
All necessary tools and measuring equipment should be available before starting any work.
Scheme 22
SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS (SST'S)
Use special service tools when they are required. SST's can be found under "preparation" prior to any procedure requiring them.
Scheme 23
ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS
All disassembled parts should be carefully arranged for reassembly. Separate or otherwise identify the parts to be replaced from those that will be reused.
Scheme 24
CLEANING PARTS FOR REUSE
All parts that will be reused should be carefully and thoroughly cleaned using appropriate methods.
Scheme 25
RUBBER PARTS AND TUBING
Prevent gasoline or oil from contacting rubber parts or tubing.
Scheme 26
VOLTMETER
The DC voltmeter measures circuit voltage. A voltmeter with a range of 15V or more is used by connecting the positive (+) probe (red lead wire) to the point where voltage is be measured, and the negative (-) probe (black lead wire) to a body ground.
Scheme 27
OHMMETER
The ohmmeter is used to measure the resistance between two points in circuit and also to check for continuity and the diagnosis of short circuits.
| CAUTION | Do not attempt to connect the ohmmeter to any circuit in which voltage is applied. Such a connection may damage the ohmmeter. |
Scheme 28
BATTERY CABLE
Before disconnecting connectors or replacing electrical parts, disconnect the negative battery cable.
Scheme 29
Scheme 30
Scheme 31
- Never pull on the wiring harness when disconnecting connectors.
- Connectors can be removed by pressing or pulling lock lever.
CONNECTORS (LOCKING A CONNECTOR)
Listen for a click when locking connectors. This sound indicates that they are securely locked.
Scheme 32
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Scheme 34
- When a tester is used to check for continuity or to measure voltage, insert tester probe from wire harness side.
- Check terminals of waterproof connectors from connector side because they cannot be accessed from harness side. NOTE: Use a fine wire to prevent damage to the terminal. Do not damage the terminal when inserting the tester lead.
FEMALE
Insert a thin piece of metal from the terminal side of the connector, and then, with the terminal locking tab pressed down, pull the terminal out of the connector.
Scheme 35
MALE
Follow the same procedure as female-type terminal.
Scheme 36
SENSORS, SWITCHES, AND RELAYS
Always handle sensors, switches and relays carefully.
Do not drop them or accidentally strike them against other parts.
Scheme 37
TOWING
If the vehicle needs to be towed, a wheel lift or as flat-bed method is recommended.
| CAUTION | Never tow the vehicle by the method of a suspension (front or rear) lift. |
Scheme 38
Scheme 39
ENGLISH/METRIC CONVERSION TABLE
| Multiply | By | To get equivalent number or | Multiply | By | To get equivalent number or |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length | Acceleration | ||||
| Inch (in) | 25.4 | Millimeters (mm) | Foot/sec 2 | 0.3048 | Meter/sec 2 (m/s 2 ) |
| Foot (ft) | 0.3048 | Meters (m) | Inch/sec 2 | 0.0254 | Meter/sec 2 (m/s 2 ) |
| Yard | 0.9144 | Meters (m) | Torque | ||
| Mile | 1.609 | Kilometers (km) | Inch-pound | 0.11298 | Newton-meters (N.m) |
| Foot-pound | 1.3558 | Newton-meters (N.m) | |||
| Area | Power | ||||
| Inch 2 (in 2 ) | 645.2 | Millimeters 2 (mm 2 ) | Horsepower (HP) | 0.746 | Kilowatts (kw) |
| 6.45 | Centimeters 2 (cm 2 ) | Pressure | |||
| Foot (ft 2 ) | 0.0929 | Meters 2 (m 2 ) | Pounds/inch 2 | 6.895 | Kilopascals (kPa) |
| Yard | 0.8361 | Meters 2 (m 2 ) | (psi) | ||
| Volume | Energy | ||||
| Inch 3 (in 3 ) | 16387 | Mm 3 | Foot-pound | 1.3558 | Joules (J) |
| 16.387 | Cm 3 | Kilowatt-hour | 3,600,000 | Joules (J) | |
| 0.0164 | Liters (I) | ||||
| Quart (qt) | 0.9464 | Liters (I) | |||
| Gallon | 3.7854 | Liters (I) | |||
| Yard | 0.7646 | Meters 3 (m 3 ) | |||
| Mass | Fuel performance | ||||
| Pound (lb) | 0.4536 | Kilograms (kg) | Miles/gal (mpg) | 0.4251 | Kilometers/liter (km/I) |
| Ton | 907.18 | Kilograms (kg) | |||
| Force | Velocity | ||||
| Kilogram | 9.807 | Newtons (N) | Miles/hour (mph) | 1.6093 | Kilometers/hour |
| Ounce (oz) | 0.2780 | Newtons (N) | |||
| Pound (lb) | 4.448 | Newtons (N) | |||
| Temperature | |||||
| To convert fahrenheit | To convert celsius | ||||
| Temperature to celsius | Temperature to fahrenheit | ||||
| Temperature, use formula | Temperature, use formula | ||||
| C = 5/9 (F-32) | F = 9/5 C + 32 | ||||
ENGLISH/METRIC CONVERSION
UNITS
| Ft-lb or in-lb (N.m) | Torque |
|---|---|
| Rpm | Rotational speed |
| A | Amperes |
| V | Volts |
| Ohms | Resistance (OHMS) |
| Psi (kPa) | Pressure |
| InHg (mmHg) | Pressure (usually negative vacuum) |
| W | Watts (electrical power) |
| US qt (liters) | Volume |
| In (mm) | Length |
UNITS