Engine System-General Information: Diagnosis Jaguar X-type I

Exhaust Manifold Cleaning and Inspection

1. Inspect the cylinder head joining flanges of the exhaust manifold for evidence of exhaust gas leaks.
2. Inspect the exhaust manifold for cracks, damaged gasket surfaces, or other damage that would make it unfit for further use.

Scheme 1

Scheme 2

Scheme 3

1. Inspect the flywheel for: Any cracks. Worn ring gear teeth. Chipped or cracked ring gear teeth.
2. Check the flywheel for lateral movement Rotational movement in either one or both directions, or rock on it axis in relation to the primary mass is acceptable. If there is any lateral movement, install a new flywheel.
3. Check if the locating dowels are touching the primary mass of the flywheel. If the locating dowels are touching the primary mass of the flywheel, install a new flywheel.
4. Inspect for grease along the welding. If grease is evident, install a new flywheel.

Valve Seat Inspection

Valve seat width scale 1. Measure the width of the valve seat.

Scheme 4

1. Measure the valve seat width using the.
2. If the value is not to specification rework the valve seat.

Scheme 5

1. Using a vernier gauge, measure the free length of each valve spring. Verify the length is within specification.

Scheme 6

1. Using a micrometer measure the diameter of the valve stems. If the measurements are not to specification, install a new valve.

Inspection and Verification

Since diagnosis and testing actually begins when repairs are taken on, the following procedure is recommended.

1. Verify the customer concern by operating the system.
2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical damage or electrical damage. If the concern cannot be reproduced, carry out a road test and/or visual check with the aid of the following table. DIAGNOSIS CHART Mechanical Coolant leaks Oil leaks Leaks in the fuel system Visibly damaged or worn parts Loose or missing nuts or bolts
3. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the next step.
4. If the concern is not visually evident, verify the symptom and refer to the «SYMPTOM CHART»(ref-209451-S09084334762005120900000) .

Symptom Chart

Difficult to start during hot or cold start

Possible Source(s)

1. Piston ring(s) worn, damaged, sticking or worn piston/cylinder. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Head gasket damaged. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the head gasket.

Possible Source(s)

1. Fuel system damaged or inoperative. Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Possible Source(s)

1. Ignition system inoperative. Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Poor Idling

Possible Source(s)

1. Restricted exhaust system. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the exhaust system. For additional information, refer to EXHAUST SYSTEM .

Possible Source(s)

1. Vacuum leak. Action(s) to take: CARRY out the Intake Manifold Vacuum Test in this section. REPAIR and INSTALL new components as necessary.

Possible Source(s)

1. Burned valve(s). Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve(s).

Possible Source(s)

1. Incorrect valve to valve seat contact. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve and valve seat.

Possible Source(s)

1. Head gasket damaged. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the head gasket.

Possible Source(s)

1. Fuel system damaged or inoperative. Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Insufficient power

Possible Source(s)

1. Compression leakage from valve seat. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve or valve seat.

Possible Source(s)

1. Valve sticking. Action(s) to take: INSPECT valve stem to valve guide clearance or carbon accumulation.

Possible Source(s)

1. Valve spring weak or broken. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve spring.

Possible Source(s)

1. Head gasket damaged. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the head gasket.

Possible Source(s)

1. Cylinder head cracked or distorted. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the cylinder head.

Possible Source(s)

1. Piston ring(s) worn, damaged or sticking. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Fuel system damaged or inoperative. Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Possible Source(s)

1. Brakes dragging. Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Possible Source(s)

1. Restricted exhaust system. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the exhaust system. For additional information, refer to EXHAUST SYSTEM .

Excessive or insufficient compression.

Possible Source(s)

1. Valve(s) burnt or sticking. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve(s).

Possible Source(s)

1. Valve spring(s) weak or broken. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve spring(s).

Possible Source(s)

1. Piston ring(s) worn, damaged, sticking or worn piston/cylinder. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Head gasket damaged. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the head gasket.

Possible Source(s)

1. Carbon accumulation in combustion chamber. Action(s) to take: ELIMINATE carbon build up.

Possible Source(s)

1. Fuel system damaged or inoperative. Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Excessive oil consumption

Possible Source(s)

1. Piston ring(s) worn, damaged, sticking or worn piston/cylinder. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Valve stem seal worn or missing. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve or valve stem seal.

Possible Source(s)

1. Oil leakage. Action(s) to take: REPAIR oil leakage.

Possible Source(s)

1. Valve stem or valve guide worn. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve stem or valve guide.

Possible Source(s)

1. Incorrect oil viscosity. Action(s) to take: DRAIN and FILL with new oil.

Possible Source(s)

1. Diluted oil. Action(s) to take: CHECK oil dilution. DRAIN and FILL as necessary.

Possible Source(s)

1. Crankcase overfilled. Action(s) to take: CHECK and adjust the oil level.

Possible Source(s)

1. Incorrect oil pressure. Action(s) to take: CHECK the oil pressure. REPAIR as necessary.

Engine noise

Possible Source(s)

1. Excessive crankshaft main bearing clearance. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Excessive crankshaft end play. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Excessive connecting rod bearing oil clearance. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Piston/cylinder worn. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Piston ring damaged. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Connecting rod bent. Action(s) to take: INSTALL a new engine.

Possible Source(s)

1. Valve spring(s) broken. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve spring(s).

Possible Source(s)

1. Excessive valve guide clearance. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the valve guide or valve.

Possible Source(s)

1. Cooling system inoperative (water pump, vibration of radiator). Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Possible Source(s)

1. Fuel system inoperative. Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Possible Source(s)

1. Excessive carbon buildup. Action(s) to take: ELIMINATE carbon buildup.

Possible Source(s)

1. Exhaust gas leakage. Action(s) to take: REPAIR leakage. For additional information, refer to EXHAUST SYSTEM .

Possible Source(s)

1. Incorrect drive belt tension. Action(s) to take: INSPECT the drive belt tension. For additional information, refer to FRONT END BODY PANELS .

Possible Source(s)

1. Generator front bearing worn. Action(s) to take: For additional information, refer to .

Tappet noise, engine running

Possible Source(s)

1. Incorrect tappet clearance. Action(s) to take: CHECK and ADJUST the tappet clearance as necessary.

Oil Consumption Test

The following diagnostic procedure is used to determine the source of excessive oil consumption.

Note. Oil use is normally greater during the first 16,100 km (10,000 miles) of service. As mileage increases, oil use decreases. Vehicles in normal service should get a least 16,000 km (10,000 miles) per liter. High speed driving, towing, high ambient temperature and other factors may result in greater oil use.

1. Define excessive consumption, such as the number of miles driven per liter of oil used. Also determine customers's driving habits, such as sustained high speed operation, towing, extended idle and other considerations.
2. Verify that the engine has no external oil leaks as described under Engine Oil Leaks.
3. Verify that the engine has the correct oil level.
4. Verify that the engine is not being run in an overfilled condition. Check the oil level at least five minutes after a hot shutdown with the vehicle parked on a level surface. In no case should the level be above the top of the cross-hatched area and the letter "F" in FULL. If significantly overfilled, carry out step 5, sub steps 1 through 4.
5. Carry out an oil consumption test: Drain engine oil and fill with one liter less than the recommended amount. Run the engine for three minutes (10 minutes if cold), and allow oil to drain back for at least five minutes with vehicle parked on level surface. Remove the oil level indicator and wipe clean. (Do not wipe with anything contaminated with silicone compounds.) Install the oil level indicator making sure to seat the oil level indicator firmly in the oil level indicator tube. Remove the oil level indicator and draw a mark on the back (unmarked) surface at the indicated oil level. (This level should be about the same as the ADD mark on the face of the oil level indicator.) Add one liter of oil. Start the engine and allow to idle for at least two minutes. Shut off the engine and allow the engine oil to drain back for at least five minutes. Mark the oil level dipstick, using the procedure above. (This level may range from slightly below the top of the cross-hatched area to slightly below the letter "F" in FULL. Record the vehicles mileage. Instruct the customer to drive the vehicle as usual and: Check the oil level regularly at intervals of 160--240 km (100--150 miles). Check the oil level regularly at intervals of 160--240 km (100--150 miles). Check the oil level regularly at intervals of 160--240 km (100--150 miles). Return to the service point when the oil level drops below the lower (ADD) mark on the oil level indicator. Return to the service point when the oil level drops below the lower (ADD) mark on the oil level indicator. Return to the service point when the oil level drops below the lower (ADD) mark on the oil level indicator. Add only full liters of the same oil in an emergency. Note the mileage at which the oil is added. Add only full liters of the same oil in an emergency. Note the mileage at which the oil is added. Add only full liters of the same oil in an emergency. Note the mileage at which the oil is added. Check the oil level under the same conditions and at the same location as in steps 3 and 4 . Measure the distance from the oil level to the UPPER mark on the oil level indicator and record. Measure the distance from the oil level to the UPPER mark on the oil level indicator and record. Measure the distance from the oil level to the UPPER mark on the oil level indicator and record. Measure the distance between the two scribe marks and record. Measure the distance between the two scribe marks and record. Measure the distance between the two scribe marks and record. Divide the first measurement by the second. Divide the first measurement by the second. Divide the first measurement by the second. Divide the distance driven during the oil test by the result. This quantity is the approximate oil consumption rate in kilometers per liter or in mile per quart. Divide the distance driven during the oil test by the result. This quantity is the approximate oil consumption rate in kilometers per liter or in mile per quart. Divide the distance driven during the oil test by the result. This quantity is the approximate oil consumption rate in kilometers per liter or in mile per quart. If the oil consumption rate is unacceptable go to Step 6. If the oil consumption rate is unacceptable go to Step 6. If the oil consumption rate is unacceptable go to Step 6.
6. Check the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system. Make sure the system is not plugged.
7. Check for plugged oil drain-back holes in the cylinder head and cylinder block.
8. If the condition still exists after carrying out the above tests go to step 9.
9. Carry out a cylinder compression test. Refer to the : Compression Test. This can help determine the source of oil consumption such as valves, piston rings or other areas.
10. Check valve guides for excessive guide clearance. Install new valve stem seals after verifying valve guide clearance.
11. Worn or damaged internal engine components can cause excessive oil consumption. Small deposits of oil on the tips of the spark plugs can be a clue to internal oil consumption.

Intake Manifold Vacuum Test

Bring the engine to normal operating temperature. Connect a vacuum gauge or equivalent to the intake manifold. Run the engine at the specified idle speed.

The vacuum gauge should read between 51-74 kPa (15-22 in-Hg) depending upon the engine condition and the altitude at which the test is performed. Subtract 4.0193 kPa (1 in-Hg) from the specified reading for every 304.8 m (1,000 feet) of elevation above sea level.

The reading should be steady. As necessary, adjust the gauge damper control (where used) if the needle is fluttering rapidly. Adjust the damper until the needle moves easily without excessive flutter.