ESC Detonation Retard Operation
Some models use an Electronic Spark Control (ESC) retard system along with the HEI-EST system. System consists of a knock (detonation) sensor, a high energy ignition system, an ESC controller (some models) and the control module. On some models, the function of the ESC controller is built into the Memory Calibration (MEM-CAL) unit of the control module.
When engine knock (detonation) occurs, knock sensor produces a low voltage AC signal. This signal goes to the ESC controller or directly to the MEM-CAL unit inside the control module, depending upon application.
On models using an ESC controller, controller supplies the control module with a 12-volt signal. When detonation occurs, controller grounds the 12-volt signal to the control module, pulling the signal down to near zero volts. The control module interprets this as a signal to retard timing. The control module then retards spark timing until the ESC controller returns the 12-volt signal. If signal wire becomes open or grounded on models using ESC controller, control module continuously provides full ignition timing retard.
On "C", "K" and "P" Series vehicles using control modules containing MEM-CAL units, the control module supplies a 5-volt DC reference signal on the knock sensor signal line. Internal circuitry of the knock sensor pulls this voltage down to about 2.5 volts. When knock occurs, the knock sensor produces an AC voltage signal which rides on the 2.5-volt DC signal to the control module. The voltage and frequency of this signal depend upon knock signals received by the sensor. The control module retards spark timing until signals from detonation sensor cease.
A malfunction in the ESC circuit should set a related trouble code. If a code is not present and ESC system is suspected cause of driveability problems, perform functional check of ESC system. See SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS - 7.4L article.