TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT
Toe-in is the width measured at the rear of the tires subtracted by the width measured at the front of the tires at about spindle height. A positive figure would indicate toe-in and a negative figure would indicate toe-out. If the distance between the front and rear of the tires is the same, toe measurement would be zero. To adjust
- Measure toe-in with front wheels in straight ahead position and steering wheel centered. To adjust toe-in, loosen clamps and turn adjusting sleeve or adjustable end on right and left tie rods. (Scheme 1)
- Turn equally and in opposite directions to maintain steering wheel in centered position. Face of tie rod end must be parallel with machined surface of steering rod end to prevent binding.
- When tightening clamps, make certain that clamp bolts are positioned so there will be no interference with other parts throughout the entire travel of linkage.
Wheel Toe-In. Scheme 1
TOE-OUT ON TURNS
- Toe-out on turns (turning radius) is a check for bent or damaged parts, and not a service adjustment. With caster, camber, and toe-in properly adjusted, check toe-out with weight of vehicle on wheels. (Scheme 2)
- Use a full floating turntable under each wheel, repeating test with each wheel positioned for right and left turns. Incorrect toe-out generally indicates a bent steering arm. Replace arm, if necessary, and recheck wheel alignment.
| CAUTION | Do not attempt to correct by straightening parts. Damaged parts must be replaced. |
Wheel Toe-Out On Turns (Turning Radius). Scheme 2
Scheme 2: Wheel Toe-Out On Turns (Turning Radius)
STEERING AXIS INCLINATION
- Steering axis inclination is a check for bent or damaged parts, and not a service adjustment. Vehicle must be level and camber should be properly adjusted. (Scheme 3)
- If camber cannot be brought within limits and steering axis inclination is correct, steering knuckle is bent. If camber and steering axis inclination are both incorrect by approximately the same amount, the upper and lower control arms are bent.
| CAUTION | Do not attempt to correct by straightening parts. Damaged parts must be replaced. |
Checking Steering Axis Inclination. Scheme 3
Scheme 3: Checking Steering Axis Inclination
| Application | Specification |
|---|
| Camber (Degrees) Front | 0.25 +/- 0.5 |
| Camber (Degrees) Rear | 0.5 +/- 0.5 |
| Caster (Degrees) Front | +0.8 +/- 0.8 |
| Caster (Degrees) Rear | N/A |
| Toe-In (Inches) Front | +1/8 +/- 1/8 |
| Toe-In (Inches) Rear | +1/16 +/- 1/32 |
| Toe-In (Millimeters) Front | 0 +/- 0.5 |
| Toe-In (Millimeters) Rear | +3 +/- 1.5 |
| Toe-In (Degrees) Front | 0 +/- 1/16 |
| Toe-In (Degrees) Rear | +1/8 +/- 1/16 |
| Toe-Out On Turns Inner (Front) | 40° |
| Toe-Out On Turns Outer (Front) | 33° |
| Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) (Front) | N/A |
| Wheelbase Inches | 95 3/4 |
| Wheelbase Millimeters | 2431 |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
| Application | Ft. Lbs. (N.m) |
|---|
| Front Suspension |
| Axle Shaft Nut | 137 (186) |
| Ball Joint-to-Control Arm | 47 (64) |
| Ball Joint-to-Steering Knuckle | 82 (111) |
| Brake Line Flexible Hose | 11 (15) |
| Caliper-to-Steering Knuckle | 65 (88) |
| Lower Control Arm Bracket | 64 (87) |
| Lower Control Arm Bushing | 76 (103) |
| Lower Control Arm-to-Body | 105 (142) |
| Strut Shaft-to-Upper Support | 105 (142) |
| Strut-to-Steering Knuckle | 105 (142) |
| Tie Rod-to-Steering Knuckle | 36 (49) |
| Upper Strut-to-Body | 13 (17) |
| Wheel Lug Nuts | 76 (103) |
| Rear Suspension |
| Axle Hub Nut | 90 (122) |
| Hub & Bearing-to-Carrier Bolt | 59 (80) |
| Strut Rod Mounting Bolt | 64 (87) |
| Strut Support-to-Body Mounting Nut | 17 (23) |
| Strut-to-Carrier Nut | 105 (142) |
| Strut-to-Support Nut | 36 (49) |
| Suspension Arm-to-Body Bolt | 64 (87) |
| Suspension Arm-to-Carrier Bolt | 64 (87) |
| Wheel Lug Nuts | 76 (103) |
