Contents Section: Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers All sections

Frame and Underbody Chevrolet Aveo I рестайлинг

Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers 27 illustrations ~1449 words

Fastener Tightening Specifications

ApplicationSpecification
MetricEnglish
Frame Brace Bolts100 N.m74 lb ft
Drive Train and Front Suspension Reinforcement Bolts50 N.m37 lb ft

Scheme 1

Scheme 1: Front Panel
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
A252.09.92
B697.027.44
C697.027.44
D200.07.87
E600.023.62
F827.032.62
G1,100.043.31
H1,295.054.88
I178.017.01
J478.018.82
K281.011.06
L920.036.22
M1,043.041.02
N1,394.054.88
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Front Panel Dimensions

Scheme 2

Scheme 2: Engine Compartment
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
A142255.98
B1,36753.82
C606.023.86
D1,07642.36
E1,32152.01
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Engine Compartment Dimensions

Scheme 3

Scheme 3: Back Panel Lower (Notch Back)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
A144556.89
B1,30351.30
C99038.98
D86133.90
E28011.02
F51520.28
G2158.46
H61624.25
I1,05141.38
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Back Panel Lower (Notch Back) Dimensions

Scheme 4

Scheme 4: Side Outer (Notch Back)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the designated position and opposite position shown in illustrations, outside-to-outside.
A350.013.78
B1091.042.95
C1074.042.28
D1147.045.16
E992.039.06
F879.034.61
G1048.041.26
H429.016.89
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the designated position and opposite position shown in illustrations, outside-to-outside.

Side Outer Dimensions (Notch Back)

Scheme 5

Scheme 5: Frame Door Opening - Front (Notch Back)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
11,40055.12
21,35553.35
31,19146.89
41,11944.06
5138954.69
61,40255.20
71,40455.20
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Frame Door Opening - Front (Notch Back) Dimensions

Frame Door Opening - Rear (Notch Back)

PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
11,40255.20
21,39354.84
31,12044.09
41,10843.62
51,29550.98
61,35653.39
71,40455.28
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Frame Door Opening - Rear (Notch Back) Dimensions

Scheme 6

Scheme 6: Hatch Back (Three Door) - Front Door Opening
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
11,393.054.84
21,355.253.35
31,295.651.01
41,189.246.82
51,133.644.63
61,108.243.63
71,110.243.71
81,200.247.25
91,385.054.53
101,399.455.09
111,404.055.28
121,404.055.28
131,404.055.28
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Hatch Back (Three Door) - Front Door Opening

Scheme 7

Scheme 7: Hatch Back (Five Door) - Front Door Opening
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
11,385.654.53
21,356.453.39
31,292.2150.87
41,211.447.68
51,14845.20
61,144.445.04
71,098.443.23
81,226.848.27
91,39254.80
101,40355.24
111,405.455.31
121,405.455.31
131,405.455.31
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Hatch Back (Five Door) - Front Door Opening

Hatch Back (Three Door) - Rear Window Opening

PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
141,453.257.21
151,344.052.91
161,192.246.94
171,187.646.76
181222.648.13
191,395.854.95
201,439.256.66
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Hatch Back (Three Door) - Rear Door Opening

Hatch Back (Five Door) - Rear Door Opening

PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
11,403.455.24
21,39654.96
31,222.648.11
41,086.642.72
51,081.642.56
61,08042.52
71,173.846.18
81,304.251.34
91,343.252.87
101,368.253.86
111,394.854.88
121,405.455.31
131,405.455.31
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Hatch Back (Five Door) - Rear Door Opening

Scheme 8

Scheme 8: Windshield and Rear Glass (Hatch Back)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
A1,10643.54
B1,42656.14
C1,39854.84
D70327.68
E1,02140.20
F1,22648.27
G34815.12
H1,32852.28
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Windshield and Rear Glass (Hatch Back)

Scheme 9

Scheme 9: Windshield and Rear Glass (Notch Back)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
A1,05241.42
B1,41555.71
C1,36853.86
D74929.49
E95737.68
F1,22248.11
G63124.84
H1,14345.00
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Windshield and Rear Glass (Notch Back) Dimensions

Scheme 10

Scheme 10: Gap Chart - Hatch Back
DescriptionLocationGapDescriptionLocationGap
IMPORTANT: Inspect for the following Items: Proper installation Clearance and level differences of main body, exterior panels, lamps and bumper Waterleaks in passenger and luggage compartment
Hood - Radiator GrilleA4.7 + 0.5 mm (0.185 + 0.020 in)Tailgate - Tail LampF3.4 ± 1 mm (0.134 ± 0.039 in)
Hood - FenderB2.4 ± 0.5 mm (0.094 ± 0.020 in)Side Outer - TailgateG4.0 ± 1 mm (0.157 ± 0.039 in)
Hood - HeadlampC4.8 ± 0.5 mm (0.189 ± 0.020 in)Hood - Front BumperH5.0 ± 1 mm (0.200 ± 0.039 in)
Tailgate - Tailgate GlassD4.0 ± 1 mm (0.157 ± 0.039 in)Side Outer - Rear BumperI2.0 ± 0.5 mm (0.078 ± 0.020 in)
Tailgate - RoofE5.09 ± 1 mm (0.232 ± 0.039 in)Tailgate - Rear BumperJ5.0 ± 1 mm (0.200 ± 0.039 in)
IMPORTANT
Inspect for the following Items: Proper installation Clearance and level differences of main body, exterior panels, lamps and bumper Waterleaks in passenger and luggage compartment

Gap Chart

Gap Chart - Notch Back

IMPORTANTInspect for the following Items: Proper installation Clearance and level differences of main body, exterior panels, lamps and bumper Waterleaks in passenger and luggage compartment

Scheme 11

Scheme 11
DescriptionLocationGapDescriptionLocationGap
Trunk Lid - Rear BumperA5.0 + 2 mm (0.197 + 0.079 in)Quarter Panel - Rear BumperF0.0 + 0.05 mm (0.0 + 0.020 in)
Trunk Lid - Tail LampB3.5 + 1 mm (0.138 + 0.039 in)Quarter Panel - Tail LampG2.0 + 0.05 mm (0.079 + 0.020 in)
Trunk Lid - Quarter PanelC3.0 + 1.0 mm (0.118 + 0.039 in)Rear Bumper - Tail LampH2.0 + 1 mm (0.079 + 0.039 in)
Quarter Panel - Tail LampD2.0 + 0.50 mm (0.079 + 0.020 in)Trunk Lid - Rear BumperI3.5 + 1.0 mm (0.138 + 0.039 in)
Fuel Filler Door - Quarter PanelE3.0 + 0.05 mm (0.118 + 0.020 in)

Gap Chart - Notch Back Measurements

Gap Chart - Doors

IMPORTANTInspect for the following Items: Proper installation Clearance and level differences of main body, exterior panels, lamps and bumper Waterleaks in passenger and luggage compartment

Scheme 12

Scheme 12
DescriptionLocationGapDescriptionLocationGap
Fender - Front DoorA3.5 + 1.0 mm (0.138 + 0.039 in)Front Door - RoofG4.0 ± 1 mm (0.157 ± 0.039 in)
Front Door - Rocker PanelB5.0 ± 1 mm (0.200 ± 0.039 in)Rear Door - RoofH4.0 + 1.0 mm (0.157 + 0.039 in)
Front Door - Windshield PillarC4.0 ± 1 mm (0.161 ± 0.039 in)Rear Door - Rear Quarter Upper Trim PanelI4.0 ± 1 mm (0.157 ± 0.039 in)
Front Door - Side OuterD4.0 ± 1 mm (0.157 ± 0.039 in)Rear Door - Side OuterJ3.5 + 1.0 mm (0.138 + 0.039 in)
Front Door - Rear DoorE4.0 ± 1 mm (0.157 ± 0.039 in)Rear Door - Front DoorK4.0 + 1.0 mm (0.157 + 0.039 in)
Rear Door - Rocker PanelF5.0 ± 1 mm (0.200 ± 0.039 in)Rear Door - Quarter PanelL3.5 + 1.0 mm (0.138 + 0.039 in)

Gap Chart - Doors Measurements

Scheme 13

Scheme 13: Floor Pan (Three Door Hatchback)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
A712.728.06
B836.732.94
C1,170.046.06
D1,560.561.43
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Scheme 14

Scheme 14: Floor Pan (Five Door Hatchback)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
A65425.75
B855.633.66
C1,557.561.30
D1,17046.06
E1,086.642.76
F1,28250.47
G1,529.460.20
H1,051.741.38
I1,46257.56
J1,54460.79
K2,29590.35
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Scheme 15

Scheme 15: Floor Pan (Notchback)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
IMPORTANT: Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.
A1,16145.71
B1,02840.72
C86934.21
IMPORTANT
Reference dimensions show the distance between the center of positioning holes shown in illustrations.

Floor Pan Dimensions

Dimensions - Body Specifications

ApplicationSpecification
MetricEnglish
Overall Length
Four Door4 310 mm169.7 in
Five Door3 880 mm152.6 in
Overhang - Front
Four Door833 mm32.8 in
Five Door813 mm32.0 in
Overhang - Rear
Four Door997 mm39.5 in
Five Door587 mm23.1 in
Overall Width Four Door1 710 mm69.3 in
Overall Width Five Door1 670 mm65.7 in
Overall Height Four Door1 505 mm59.3 in
Overall Height Five Door1 495 mm58.9 in
Minimum Ground Clearance Four Door155 mm6.1 in
Minimum Ground Clearance Five Door150 mm5.9 in
Wheel Base2 480 mm97.6 in
Tread
Front1 450 mm57.1 in
Rear Four Door1 430 mm56.3 in
Rear Five Door1 410 mm55.1 in
ApplicationSpecification
MetricEnglish
Manual
Curb Weight - Standard1 010 kg2 227 lb
Curb Weight - Optional1 065 kg2 348 lb
Gross Vehicle Weight1 505 kg3 318 lb
Automatic
Curb Weight - Standard1 015 kg2 237 lb
Curb Weight - Optional1 070 kg2 358 lb
Gross Vehicle Weight1 510 kg3 329 lb
Passenger Capacity5

Vehicle Weights - Four Door

ApplicationSpecification
MetricEnglish
Manual
Curb Weight - Standard1 000 kg2 205 lb
Curb Weight - Optional1 055 kg2 326 lb
Gross Vehicle Weight1 505 kg3 318 lb
Automatic
Curb Weight - Standard1 005 kg2 216 lb
Curb Weight - Optional1 060 kg2 237 lb
Gross Vehicle Weight1 510 kg3 329 lb
Passenger Capacity5

Vehicle Weights - Five Door

Scheme 16

Scheme 16: Body Side View (Notchback)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
A374 mm14.72 in
B292.1 mm11.5 in
C2,480 mm97.63 in
D313.1 mm12.32 in
E786.2 mm30.95 in
F411.4 mm16.19 in
G474.8 mm18.69 in
H1,128.8 mm44.44 in
I490 mm19.29 in
J432.6 mm17.03 in
K218 mm8.6 in

Body Side View Dimensions(Notchback)

Scheme 17

Scheme 17: Underbody Reference Points (Notchback)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
A20 mm0.78 in
B12 mm0.47 in
C11 mm0.43 in
D16 mm0.62 in
E10 mm0.39 in
F14 mm0.55 in

Underbody Reference Points Measurements (Notchback)

Scheme 18

Scheme 18: Underbody Frame (Notchback)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
A42216.61
B90935.79
C1,062.641.81
D65725.87
E1,147.645.16
F1,12844.41
G1,05241.42
H1,08742.80
I1,45857.40
J1,24048.82
K1,09943.27
L1,27250.10
M56422.20
N27010.63
O1,11043.70
P1,015.239.96
Q935.436.81
R59523.43

Underbody Frame Dimensions (Notchback)

Scheme 19

Scheme 19: Rear Underbody (Notchback)
PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
A595 mm23.43 in
B320 mm12.60 in
C1,373 mm54.06 in
D1,479 mm58.23 in
E1,492 mm58.74 in
F1,421 mm55.94 in
G564 mm22.20 in
H890 mm35.04 in
I692 mm27.24 in
J364 mm14.38 in
K229 mm9.02 in
L499 mm19.65 in
M250 mm8.94 in

Rear Underbody Dimensions (Notchback)

Rear Frame (Notchback)

PointsDimensions (mm)Dimensions (in)
A564 mm22.20 in
B1,361 mm53.58 in
C1,487 mm58.54 in
D1,699 mm66.89 in
E1,491 mm58.70 in
F1,182 mm46.54 in
G1,191 mm46.89 in
H1,498 mm58.98 in
I1,706 mm67.17 in
J1,519 mm59.80 in
K1,373 mm54.06 in
L657 mm25.87 in
M440 mm17.32 in
N341 mm1.34 in

Rear Frame Dimensions (Notchback)

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/chevrolet/aveo/i-2006-2012/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Remove the bolts (1) from the frame brace (2).
  3. Remove the frame brace (2) from the vehicle.

Installation Procedure

  1. Install the frame brace (2) from the vehicle.
  2. Install the bolts (1) to the frame brace (2) and tighten to 100 N.m (74 lb ft).
  3. Lower the vehicle.
  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/chevrolet/aveo/i-2006-2012/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Remove the bolts (1) from the frame reinforcement (2).
  3. Remove the frame reinforcement (2) from the vehicle.
  1. Install the frame reinforcement (2) from the vehicle.
  2. Install the bolts (1) to the frame reinforcement (2) and tighten to 50 N.m (37 lb ft).
  3. Lower the vehicle.

Underbody Inspection

An accurate method of determining the alignment of the underbody uses a measuring tram gage. The tram gage set used to perform the recommended measuring checks must include a vertical pointer able to reach 457 mm (18 in).

Two types of measurements can be made with a tram gage: direct point-to-point measurements and measurements calculated on a horizontal plane, datum line, parallel to the underbody. Point-to-point measurements are generally taken on steering and suspension engine compartment parts and simply require the vertical pointers to be set equally.

For horizontal plane measurements, the vertical pointers must be set as specified for each point to be measured.

Dimensions-to-gage holes are measured to the center of the holes and flush to the adjacent surface metal unless otherwise specified. It is recommended that the diagonal dimensions to the cross-body be checked on both sides in order to verify the dimensional accuracy of the vehicle underbody.

Floor Pan Insulators

The floor pan insulators have been designed for the higher floor pan temperatures that result from the use of the catalytic converter in the exhaust system. Therefore, when servicing a vehicle, it is essential that any insulators that may have been disturbed or removed be reinstalled in the original sequence and location. Also, an insulator needs to be replaced. Use only the insulation specified for that location on the floor pan.

When servicing or replacing interior insulators, observe the following instructions

  1. Install the insulators in the original position and sequence. Butt the pieces together in order to avoid gapping or overlapping.
  2. If it is necessary to replace an insulator, use only the specified insulation.
  3. Use the original part to determine the amount of replacement material required and as a template for cutting and fitting the new piece to the floor pan.
  4. When installing the insulator, do not enlarge any cutouts or holes that are used for the attachment of interior parts such as the instrument panel or the floor console.
  5. Route the cross-body harness for interior parts over the floor pan insulators. Clip it in the original location.
  6. Do not apply spray-on deadeners or trim adhesives to the top of the floor pan at the area directly over the catalytic converter or the muffler.

This vehicle is constructed with a unitized body which incorporates integral front and rear frame side rails.

The front suspension lower control arms are bolted to and retained by supports, one each on the right and left sides. The front suspension lower control arm supports are attached to the underbody with 3 bolts at 2 locations. The engine is bolted to the integral front side rails. The suspension strut towers must be dimensionally correct in relation to the remainder of the underbody in order to maintain specified suspension strut and caster/camber angles.

Since the individual underbody parts contribute directly to the overall strength of the body, it is essential to observe proper welding techniques during service repair operations. The underbody parts should be properly sealed and rustproofed whenever body repair operations destroy or damage the original sealing and rustproofing. When rustproofing critical underbody parts, use a good-quality type of air-dry primer, such as a corrosion resistant chromate or an equivalent material. Combination-type primer/surfacers are not recommended.

Engine Under Covers

The engine under covers are molded pieces of plastic that serve as shields for the underside of the engine. The covers help protect the engine from small rocks, gravel and other objects that would otherwise come into contact with the engine during normal driving conditions.

Frame Reference Point Description

Whenever possible, make judgements and conclusions based on measurement. Measure the wheel alignments so as to prevent any future trouble like unsymmetrical wear of the tires or catching of the steering wheel.

  1. If there are any deviations, use a tram tracking gage and measure parts of the body (A).
  2. If there is any twisting to the body, measure using a frame centering gage (B). Specifications Pointer B - Short pointer height adjustment 15-290 mm (0.59-11.42 in) Pointer B - Long pointer height adjustment 185-450 mm (7.28-17.72 in)
  3. When measuring body dimensions, use a universal tram gage (C).

Scheme 20

Scheme 20
CalloutComponent Name
1Adjust Screw A
2Pointer C Holder
3Reference Scale
4Expanding/Contracting Scale
5Pointer B
6Adjust Screw C
7Adjust Screw B
8Pointer C
9Adjust to the Diameter of the Wheel Disc
10Adjust to the Vehicle
11Pointer A
12Clip
13Set Screw
14Move Within A Range of 250-1,570 mm (9.84-61.81 in)
15Frame
16Pointer 4
17Set Ring
18Height

Welding Description

IMPORTANTRemember to remove all paint and other impurities from the surface of the material you intend to weld for reliable results.

Spot welding is also known as resistance spot welding and it is the most suitable method of welding for automobiles. It has 3 main features

  1. The welding can be performed instantaneously
  2. It exercises very little effect on the original material
  3. It reduces the generation of distortion to the absolute minimum

Scheme 21

Scheme 21: Welding Conditions

When performing spot welding (3), make absolutely sure that you conform to the conditions governed by the current (2), conductivity time (1), welding pressure, holding time, and shutdown time recommended for the spot welder.

Scheme 22

Scheme 22: Plate Thickness and Minimum Welding Pitch

When the welding intervals (1) are too small, this leads to branching, making it impossible to maintain the desired soldering state.

MetricEnglish
Plate Thickness0.6 mm0.024 in
Minimum Intervals0.9 mm0.035 in
1.2 mm0.047 in
1.6 mm0.063 in
11 mm0.433 in
16 mm0.630 in
20 mm0.787 in
24 mm0.944 in

Scheme 23

Scheme 23: Plate Thickness and Tip Diameter
MetricEnglish
Plate Thickness0.6 mm0.024 in
Minimum Tip Diameter (1)0.9 mm0.035 in
1.2 mm0.047 in
1.6 mm0.063 in
4.5 mm0.177 in
5.0 mm0.197 in
5.5 mm0.217 in
6.0 mm0.236 in

Scheme 24

Scheme 24: Welding Strength Test

Even if you perform the welding in accordance with the conditions, the strength of the welded sections may fluctuate widely with drops in the voltage and other factors. The quality of the welding cannot be evaluated unless the welded sections are destroyed.

Provide yourself with a steel plate of the same thickness and conduct a destruction test.

  1. If holes appear in the steel plates (1, 4), this means that the welding is standard strength.
  2. Drive a wedge (2) between 2 panels near the nugget. If the welded parts do not come apart and the diameter of the nugget (3) appears more than 3 mm, the welding should be satisfactory.
IMPORTANTIt is difficult to perform spot welding in the following circumstances. When it is not possible to remove any rust or paint attached to the welding surfaces. When the tip of the spot welder cannot be inserted into the welding section. When the welding surfaces can be seen from the outside and welding will impair the exterior appearance.

In all these cases, it is recommended that the gas welding method be employed. However, if it is not possible to perform spot welding because of space restrictions, plug welding based on the arc welding method may be performed instead. Here the welding sections must be close together.

Gas Welding

Gas welding is indispensable for body repair because of the broad range of its applications from joining the body panels, cutting the materials that construct the body and applying heat to reform panels and also because it is easy to get hold of the tools. However, this method requires experience.

Scheme 25

Scheme 25: Gas Welding
CalloutComponent Name
1Gas Adjuster
2Cutter
3Welder
4Oxygen/Acetylene Tanks
5Butt Welding
6Fillet Welding or Soldering
7Drilling and Plug Welding

Scheme 26

Scheme 26

The illustration is an example of how not to perform gas welding, avoid operations like the following

  1. Welding the bending angle of a flange (1)
  2. Melting the finger end of a flange (2)

Carbon Dioxide Arc Welder (MIG ARC Welding)

This welding process uses inexpensive carbon dioxide instead of expensive inert gases as a shielding means. Consumable metal electrodes are employed. It has a wide range of applications, including butt welding of thin plate, fillet welding, plug welding, and MIG spot welding. In terms of the weld strength, it is also highly stable.

Scheme 27

Scheme 27: Carbon Dioxide Arc Welder (MIG ARC Welding)
CalloutComponent Name
1Single Phase 110V/Three Phase 200-240V
2Gas Regulator
3Carbon Dioxide or Argon and Carbon Dioxide
4Welding Power Supply (Built in Wire Feed Mechanism)
5Welding Torch
6Work Piece
7Work Cable
8Ground Wire
9Input Cable
10Gas Hose
11Butt Weld
12Fillet Weld
13Spot Weld
14Plug Weld