Tires and Wheels Cadillac ATS I

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers

Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers

Scheme 1

Inspection Procedure

1. Inspect the front tire wear.
2. Inspect the rear tire wear.
3. Rotate the tires if any of the following conditions exist: The amount of time or mileage since the last tire rotation matches the maintenance schedule. The outer tread blocks are worn more than the middle tread blocks (1). The outer tread blocks are worn more than the inner tread blocks (2). The middle tread blocks are worn more than the outer tread blocks (4).
4. Measure the wheel alignment if any of the following conditions exist: The tread blocks have feathered edges (3). The outer tread blocks are worn more than the inner tread blocks (2). The inner tread blocks are worn more than the outer tread blocks (2).
5. Inspect the struts or the shock absorbers if the tire tread exhibits a cupped appearance (3).

Scheme 2

Tire waddle is a side to side movement at the front of the vehicle and/or the rear of the vehicle. Tire waddle can be caused by the following conditions

1. A steel belt not being straight within the tire
2. Excessive lateral runout of the tire
3. Excessive lateral runout of the wheel

The tire waddle is most noticeable at a low speed of about 8-48 km/h (5-30 mph). Tire waddle may appear as ride roughness at 80-113 km/h (50-70 mph). Tire waddle may appear as a vibration at 80-113 km/h (50-70 mph).

1. Raise and support the vehicle with safety stands. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
2. Perform the following preliminary inspection: Mark the tire with a crayon in order to note the start and the stop position. Rotate each tire and wheel by hand. Inspect the tire for bulges or bent wheels. Replace as necessary.
3. Use tire substitution in order to identify the faulty tire. Perform the following steps for a tire substitution check: Use a comparable tire in order to replace each tire, one at a time. Test drive the vehicle. If the problem is tire or wheel related, you will eliminate the problem when you remove the faulty tire from the vehicle.

Wheel Mounting Surface Check

Replace any wheels that are bent or dented, or have excessive lateral or radial runout. Wheels with runout greater than specified may cause objectionable vibrations.

1. Thoroughly clean the wheel mounting surface with a clean shop towel and denatured alcohol, or equivalent.
2. Use a straight edge 203-229 mm (8-9 in) long. Place the straight edge on the wheel inboard mounting surface. Try to rock the straight edge up and down within the mounting surface.
3. For aluminum flat-mount wheels, repeat the procedure in step 2 on at least 3-4 different positions on the inboard mounting surface. If you can rock the straight edge, the mounting surface is bent and you must replace the wheel.
4. Inspect the mounting wheel/nut holes for damage caused from over-torquing the wheel/nuts. Inspect for collapsed wheel/nut bosses. Inspect for cracked wheel bosses.
5. For steel wheels, repeat the procedure in step 2 on at least 3-4 different positions on the inboard mounting surface. The outer mounting ring is designed to be raised slightly above the inner mounting ring. If you can rock the straight edge, the mounting surface is bent and you must replace the wheel.
6. Inspect the mounting wheel/nut holes for damage caused from over-torquing the wheel/nuts. Inspect for collapsed wheel/nut bosses. Inspect for cracked wheel bosses.
7. Replace the wheel if the wheel is bent.
8. Replace the wheel if the wheel/nut boss area is cracked.

Identify steel wheels with a 2 or 3-letter code stamped into the rim near the valve stem. Aluminum wheels have the code, the part number, and the manufacturer identification cast into the back side of the wheel.

Radial Tire Lead/Pull Correction

Radial Tire Lead/Pull Correction

Aluminum Wheel Porosity Repair

1. Remove the tire and wheel. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-and-wheel-removal-and-installation) .
2. Inflate the tire to the manufactures specified pressure as stated on the tire.
3. Submerge the tire/wheel into a water bath in order to locate the leak.
4. Inscribe a mark on the wheel in order to indicate the leak areas.
5. Inscribe a mark on the tire at the valve stem in order to indicate the orientation of the tire to the wheel.
6. Remove the tire from the wheel. Refer to «Tire Dismounting and Mounting»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-dismounting-and-mounting) .
7. Use number 80 grit sandpaper to scuff the inside of the rim surface at the leak area.
8. Use general purpose cleaner such as 3M®, P/N 08984 or equivalent, to clean the leak area.
9. Apply 3 mm (0.12 in) thick layer of adhesive/sealant, GM US P/N 12378478 (Canada P/N 88900041) or equivalent, to the leak area.
10. Allow for the adhesive/sealant to dry.
11. Align the inscribed mark on the tire with the valve stem on the wheel.
12. Install the tire to the wheel. Refer to «Tire Dismounting and Mounting»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-dismounting-and-mounting) .
13. Pressurize the tire to 276 kPa (40 psi).
14. Submerge the tire/wheel into a water bath in order ensure the leak is sealed.
15. Inflate the tire to the specified pressure as stated on the tire placard.
16. Balance the tire and wheel. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - On-Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/oem-general-information/#vibration-diagnosis-and-correction__tire-and-wheel-assembly-balancing) .
17. Install the tire and wheel. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-and-wheel-removal-and-installation) .

Finish Damage Evaluation Procedure

1. Inspect the wheels for damage from uncoated wheel balance weights or from automatic car wash facilities.
2. Inspect the wheels for the following conditions: Corrosion Scrapes Gouges
3. Verify the damage is not deeper than what sanding can remove.
4. Inspect the wheels for cracks. If a wheel has cracks, discard the wheel.
5. Inspect the wheels for bent rim flanges. If a rim flange is bent, discard the wheel.

Refinishing Procedure

1. Remove the tire and wheel assembly from the vehicle. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-and-wheel-removal-and-installation) .
2. Remove the balance weights from the wheel.
3. Remove the tire from the wheel. Refer to «Tire Dismounting and Mounting»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-dismounting-and-mounting) .
4. Use a suitable cleaner in order to remove the following contaminants from the wheel: Lubricants Wax Dirt
5. Use plastic media blasting in order to remove the paint from the wheel.
6. If the wheel had a machined aluminum finish, spin the wheel and use sand paper in order to restore the circular machined appearance.
7. Mask the wheel mounting surface and the wheel nut contact surface.
8. Follow the paint manufacturer's instructions for painting the wheel.
9. Unmask the wheel.
10. Install a new valve stem.
11. Install the tire to the wheel. Refer to «Tire Dismounting and Mounting»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-dismounting-and-mounting) .
12. Use a suitable cleaner in order to remove the following contaminants from the wheel mounting surface: Corrosion Overspray Dirt
13. Install the tire and wheel assembly to the vehicle. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-and-wheel-removal-and-installation) .

Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation

Special Tools

1. CH-41013 Rotor Resurfacing Kit
2. CH-42450-A Wheel Hub Resurfacing Kit

For equivalent regional tools, refer to Special Tools .

Removal Procedure

1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
2. Remove the wheel cover, if equipped.
3. Remove the wheel nut caps (1), if equipped.
4. Remove the wheel nuts (1).
5. Remove the tire and wheel assembly (1).
6. If the tire and wheel assembly is difficult to remove or cannot be removed, perform the following steps: Hand install the wheel nuts. Loosen the wheel nuts 2 complete turns. Lower the vehicle. Rock the vehicle from side to side. Repeat the procedure if necessary.
7. When the tire and wheel assembly loosens, raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
8. Remove the wheel nuts.
9. Remove the tire and wheel assembly.
10. If necessary and equipped , remove the center cap.

Installation Procedure

1. Using a wire brush or wire wheel, clean the wheel to brake rotor or drum mating surface.
2. Using the CH-41013 Rotor Resurfacing Kit , clean the rotor or drum to wheel contact area.
3. Using the CH-42450-A Wheel Hub Resurfacing Kit , clean the surfaces around the wheel studs.
4. Clean the threads of the wheel studs.
5. If the threads of the wheel stud are damaged, replace the wheel stud. Refer to «Wheel Stud Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/suspension-front/#front-suspension-system__wheel-stud-replacement) , or «Wheel Stud Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/suspension-rear/#rear-suspension-system) .
6. After cleaning all of the wheel and brake rotor or drum contact areas, use brake cleaner or denatured alcohol to remove any dirt and debris from the wheel nuts and the brake rotor or drum.
7. Inspect and clean the contact areas of the wheel. Refer to «Wheel Mounting Surface Check»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__wheel-mounting-surface-check) .
8. Apply a small amount of lubricant to the inner diameter of the wheel hub pilot hole (1) where it contacts the wheel hub flange. Refer to «Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__adhesives-fluids-lubricants-and-sealers) .
9. Install the tire and wheel assembly (1).
10. Hand install the wheel nuts (1).
11. Using a torque wrench and the appropriate socket, alternately and evenly tighten the wheel nuts to 140 (103 lb ft) in the sequence illustrated.
12. Install the wheel nut caps (1), if equipped.
13. Install the wheel center cap or wheel cover, if equipped.

Scheme 3

Note. Repairable area on a radial tire. NEVER repair tires worn to the tread indicators 1.59 mm (2/32 in) remaining depth. NEVER repair tires with a tread puncture larger than 6.35 mm (1/4 in). NEVER substitute an inner tube for a permissible or non-permissible repair. NEVER perform an outside-in tire repair (plug only, on the wheel). Every tire must be removed from the wheel for proper inspection and repair. Regardless of the type of repair used, the repair must seal the inner liner and fill the injury. Consult with repair material supplier/manufacturer for repair unit application procedures and repair tools/repair material recommendations.

Three basic steps for tire puncture repair

1. Remove the tire from the wheel for inspection and repair.
2. Fill the injury (puncture) to keep moisture out.
3. Seal the inner liner with a repair unit to prevent air loss.

External Inspection

1. Prior to demounting, inspect the tire surface, the valve and the wheel for the source of the leak by using a water and soap solution. Mark the injured area and totally deflate the tire by removing the valve core.
2. Demount the tire from the wheel and place the tire on a well-lighted spreader.

Internal Inspection

1. Spread the beads and mark the puncture with a tire crayon.
2. Inspect the inner tire for any signs of internal damage.
3. Remove the puncturing object, noting the direction of the penetration.
4. Probe the injury with a blunt awl in order to determine the extent and direction of the injury.
5. Remove any loose foreign material from the injury.
6. Punctures exceeding 6.35 mm (1/4 in) should not be repaired.

Cleaning

1. Clean the area around the puncture thoroughly with a proper liner cleaner, clean cloth and a scraper. This step serves to remove dirt and mold lubricants to insure proper adhesion and non-contamination of the buffing tool.
2. Refer to information on the product or manufacturer's Material Safety Data Sheet and follow guidelines for handling and disposal.

Clean the Injury Channel

1. Use a proper hand reamer, carbide cutter or drill bit to ream the puncture channel from the inside of the tire in order to clean the injury.
2. Remove steel wires protruding above the liner surface to prevent damage to the repair unit.
3. Consult your repair material supplier for recommended reaming tool(s).

Fill the Injury

1. It is necessary to fill the injury channel to provide back up for the repair unit and to prevent moisture from entering the tire fabric and steel wires.
2. For combination repair/plug units skip this step. Cement the injured channel and fill the injury from the inside of the tire with the repair plug per repair material manufacturer's recommendations. Without stretching the plug, cut the plug off just above the inside tire surface.
3. Consult your repair material supplier for proper repair material selection.

Repair Unit Selection

1. Center the repair unit over the injury as a reference and outline an area larger than the unit so that buffing will not remove the crayon marks.
2. Remove the repair unit.
3. DO NOT overlap previous or multiple repair units.
4. Consult your repair material supplier for proper repair unit selection.

Buffing

1. To prevent contamination and preserve the outline, buff within the marked area thoroughly and evenly with a low speed buffing tool using a fine wire brush or gritted rasp.
2. Buff to a smooth velvet surface (RMA #1 or #2 buffed texture).
3. Use caution not to gouge the inner liner or expose casing fabric.
4. Remove any buffing dust with a vacuum cleaner.
5. Consult your repair material supplier for a proper buffing tool.

Scheme 4

Apply chemical cement according to the repair material manufacturer's procedures.

Scheme 5

The tire must be in the relaxed position when the repair unit is installed. Do not spread the beads excessively.

Two-Piece Plug and Repair Units

1. If applicable, install the repair unit so that the alignment is correct.
2. Center the repair unit over the injury and stitch down thoroughly with the stitching tool, working from the center out.
3. Being careful not to stretch the plug material, cut the plug flush with the outer tread.

Combination Repair/Plug Units

1. Pull the plug through the injury until the repair just reaches the liner. Stitch down thoroughly.
2. Follow the repair material manufacturer's recommendations for further installation instructions. Consult your repair material supplier for the proper stitching tool.

Scheme 6

Some run flat tires may require more than 275 kPa (40 psi) to seat the bead. In such a case, a tire safety cage must be used. Consult the tire manufacturer for its individual repair policy.

Final Inspection

1. After remounting and inflating the tire, check both beads, the repair and the valve with a water and soap solution in order to detect leaks.
2. If the tire continues to lose air, the tire must be demounted and reinspected.
3. Balance the tire and wheel assembly. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - Off Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/oem-general-information/#vibration-diagnosis-and-correction__tire-and-wheel-assembly-balancing) .

For additional tire puncture repair information, contact

Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA)

1400 K Street, N.W., Suite 900

Washington

DC

20005-2403

Telephone: 202-682-4800

E-mail: info@rma.org

Website: www.rma.org

Tire Dismounting and Mounting

1. Remove the valve core from the valve stem.
2. Deflate the tire completely.
3. Use the tire changer in order to remove the tire from the wheel. Follow steps 4-7 to remove the tire from the wheel.
4. When separating the tire bead from the wheel, position the bead breaking fixture 90, 180 and 270 degrees from the valve stem.
5. Position the wheel and tire so the valve stem is at the 7 o'clock position relative to the head. Apply tire bead lubricant to the pry bar to prevent damage to the tire bead. The tire iron or pry bar can be inserted when prying the outer tire bead up and over the mounting/dismounting head.
6. Position the wheel and tire so the valve stem is again at the 7 o'clock position relative to the head. The tire iron or pry bar can be inserted when prying the inner tire bead up and over the mounting/dismounting head.
7. Remove all residual liquid sealant from the inside of the tire and wheel surfaces. If any tire sealant is noted upon tire dismounting on vehicles equipped with TPM, replace the tire pressure sensor. Refer to «Tire Pressure Indicator Sensor Replacement (Snap in style)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/warning-system/#tire-pressure-monitoring-system) , «Tire Pressure Indicator Sensor Replacement (Clamp in style)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/warning-system/#tire-pressure-monitoring-system) .
8. Use medium coarseness steel wool in order to remove any rubber, light rust or corrosion from the wheel bead seats.
9. Apply mounting lubricant to the tire bead and the wheel rim. Refer to «Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__adhesives-fluids-lubricants-and-sealers) .
10. Position the rim so the valve stem (1) is at the 7 o'clock position relative to the head (2). This will protect the sensor when the bottom bead seats.
11. Using the tire machine, rotate the tire/wheel assembly clockwise when transferring the tire bead to the inside of the wheel rim. Ensure that the valve stem (1) is at the 7 o'clock position.
12. After the bottom bead is on the wheel, reposition the wheel and tire so that the valve stem (1) is at the 7 o'clock position relative to the head. This will protect the sensor while mounting the tire bead to the outside of the wheel.
13. Use the tire changer in order to install the tire to the wheel.
14. Inflate the tire until it passes the bead humps. Be sure that the valve core is not installed at this time.
15. Install the valve core to the valve core stem.
16. Inflate the tire to the proper air pressure.
17. Ensure that the locating rings are visible on both sides of the tire in order to verify that the tire bead is fully seated on the wheel.

Tire Rotation (Directional)

Rotate the tires and wheels at frequent intervals to equalize wear. Refer to the Owners Manual for the proper maintance schedule. In addition to scheduled rotation, rotate the tire and wheel whenever uneven tire wear is noticed.

Radial tires tend to wear faster in the shoulder area, particularly in front positions. Radial tires in non-drive locations may develop an irregular wear pattern that may increase tire noise. This makes regular rotation especially necessary. Refer to Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation .

Scheme 7

Always use a 4-wheel rotation. After rotation, check the wheel nuts for specified torque. Refer to Fastener Tightening Specifications , . Then, set the tire pressure. Refer to Vehicle Certification, Tire Placard, Anti-Theft, and Service Parts ID Label .

After performing tire rotation and setting pressure, it is necessary to relearn the tire pressure sensors. Refer to Tire Pressure Indicator Sensor Learn .

Tire Rotation (Non-Directional)

Rotate the tires and wheels at frequent intervals to equalize wear. Refer to the Owners Manual for the proper maintance schedule. In addition to scheduled rotation, rotate the tire and wheel whenever uneven tire wear is noticed.

Radial tires tend to wear faster in the shoulder area, particularly in front positions. Radial tires in non-drive locations may develop an irregular wear pattern that may increase tire noise. This makes regular rotation especially necessary. Refer to Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation .

Scheme 8

Always use a 4-wheel rotation. After rotation, check the wheel nuts for specified torque. Refer to Fastener Tightening Specifications , . Then, set the tire pressure. Refer to Vehicle Certification, Tire Placard, Anti-Theft, and Service Parts ID Label .

After performing tire rotation and setting the tire pressure it is necessary to relearn the tire pressure sensors. Refer to Tire Pressure Indicator Sensor Learn

Scheme 9

Most GM vehicles are equipped with steel belted all-season radial tires as standard equipment. These tires qualify as snow tires, with a higher than average rating for snow traction than the non-all season radial tires previously used. Other performance areas, such as wet traction, rolling resistance, tread life, and air retention, are also improved. This is done by improvements in both tread design and tread compounds. These tires are identified by an M + S molded in the tire side wall after the tire size. The suffix MS is also molded in the tire side wall after the TPC specification number.

The optional handling tires used on some vehicles now also have the MS marking after the tire size and the TPC specification number.

General Description

The factory installed tires are designed to operate satisfactorily with loads up to and including the full rated load capacity when these tires are inflated to the recommended pressures.

The following factors have an important influence on tire life

1. Correct tire pressures
2. Correct wheel alignment
3. Proper driving techniques
4. Tire rotation

The following factors increase tire wear

1. Heavy cornering
2. Excessively rapid acceleration
3. Heavy braking

Metric Wheel Nuts and Bolts Description

Metric wheel/nuts and bolts are identified in the following way

1. The wheel/nut has the word Metric stamped on the face.
2. The letter M is stamped on the end of the wheel bolt.

The thread sizes of metric wheel/nuts and the bolts are indicated by the following example: M12 x 1.5.

1. M = Metric
2. 12 = Diameter in millimeters
3. 1.5 = Millimeters gap per thread

Scheme 10

Replacement tires should be of the same tire performance criteria (TPC) specification number. This will ensure the same size, the same load range, and the same construction as those originally installed on the vehicle.

Replacement Wheels Description

Replace the wheel if any of the following conditions exist

1. The wheel exhibits excessive runout.
2. The wheel is bent.
3. The wheel is cracked.
4. The wheel is severely corroded.
5. The wheel leaks air.

Replace the wheel, the wheel studs and the wheel/nuts, or the wheel bolts if applicable, if any of the following conditions exist

1. The wheel has elongated bolt holes.
2. The wheel/nuts, or bolts if applicable, loosen repeatedly.

Aluminum wheel identification is cast into the inboard side of the wheel.

Tire Inflation Description

This vehicle has been engineered to operate up to the stated load capacity with wheel and tire assemblies of the type, size, construction, and configuration as originally installed. Maintenance of the tire inflation pressures is critical to the continued satisfactory performance, handling, and operating economy of the vehicle. Operation with incorrectly or improperly inflated tires can adversely affect vehicle performance and may contribute to the following

1. Reduced fuel economy
2. Tire overloading
3. Shortened tire life
4. Excessive tire wear
5. Uneven tire wear
6. Vehicle handling concerns

Inspect the tire pressures when the vehicle has not been driven for at least 3 hours or not more than 1.6 km (1 mi) and when the tires are cool to the touch.

Tire inflation pressures should be inspected monthly and before an extended trip and adjusted to meet the specifications listed for the particular vehicle. Replace any missing or damaged tire valve stem extensions and/or caps to prevent the intrusion of water and contaminates.

One pound per square inch (psi) equals 6.9 kilopascals (kPa). The following table illustrates the conversion of kilopascals to pounds per square inch

Inflation Pressure Conversion (Kilopascals to PSI)

For the correct inflation pressures refer to the vehicle's tire placard.

Tires inflated to a higher than recommended pressure can contribute to the following conditions

1. A hard ride
2. Tire bruising
3. Rapid tread wear at the center of the tire

Tires inflated to a lower than recommended pressure can contribute to the following conditions

1. Tire squeal on turns
2. Hard steering
3. Rapid and/or uneven wear on the outer edges of the tread
4. Tire rim bruises and tire rim rupture
5. Tire cord breakage
6. High tire temperatures
7. Sluggish vehicle handling
8. Higher fuel consumption

Unequal pressure on the same axle can cause the following conditions

1. Uneven braking action
2. Steering lead
3. Imprecise vehicle handling

Scheme 11

The original equipment tires have tread wear indicators that show when you should replace the tires.

The location of these indicators are at 60 degree intervals around the outer diameter of the tire. The indicators appear as a 6 mm (0.25 in) wide band when the tire tread depth becomes 1.6 mm (2/32 in).

Special Tools

Illustration Tool Number/ Description CH 41013 J 41013 Rotor Resurfacing kit CH 42450-A J 42450-A Wheel Hub Resurfacing Kit

Scheme 12

Scheme 13

See also:
• Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle
• Vehicle Leads/Pulls
• Wheel Alignment Measurement
• Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - On-Vehicle
• Wheel Stud Replacement
• Wheel Stud Replacement
• Fastener Caution
• Tire Pressure Indicator Sensor Replacement (Snap in style)
• Vehicle Certification, Tire Placard, Anti-Theft, and Service Parts ID Label
• Tire Pressure Indicator Sensor Learn
• Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation
• Tire Dismounting and Mounting
• Special Tools
• Wheel Mounting Surface Check
• Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers
• Fastener Tightening Specifications