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Rear Drive Axle Cadillac ATS I

Differentials & Drive Axles 13 illustrations ~3687 words

Fastener Tightening Specifications

ApplicationSpecification
MetricEnglish
Differential Carrier Cover Bolts (195 mm Axle)52 N.m38 lb ft
Differential Carrier Cover Bolts (218 mm Axle)60 N.m44 lb ft
Differential Carrier Front Mounting Bolts
First Pass50 N.m37 lb ft
Final PassPlus 90 degrees
Differential Carrier Front Mounting Nuts
First Pass50 N.m37 lb ft
Final PassPlus 90 degrees
Differential Carrier Rear Mounting Bolt
First Pass220 N.m162 lb ft
Final PassPlus 60 degrees
Differential Drive Pinion Gear Nut105 N.m77 lb ft
Drain Plug33 N.m24 lb ft
Fill Plug33 N.m24 lb ft
Rear Axle housing Vent20 N.m15 lb ft

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Lubrication Specifications

ApplicationQuantity
MetricEnglish
195mm Axle (Non-Limited Slip)0.85 L0.9 Qt
218mm Axle (Limited Slip)1.0 L1.1 Qt

Capacities

Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers

ApplicationType of MaterialGM Part Number
USCanadaBrazil
Rear Differential Lubricant (195mm Axle)Dexron Gear 75W908886308988863090Refer to Owner's Manual and Electronic Parts Catalog.
Rear Differential Lubricant (218mm Axle)Dexron LS Gear 75w908886262488862625Refer to Owner's Manual and Electronic Parts Catalog.
Rear Differential Pinion Flange SplinesSealant1234600410953480Refer to Owner's Manual and Electronic Parts Catalog.

Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers

Scheme 1

Scheme 1: Rear Axle Identification
Scheme 1: Rear Axle Identification
CalloutComponent Name
1GM 8-Digit Part Number
2Revision Level
3Vehicle Partitioning Product Structure (VPPS) Code
4DUNS Number
5Trace Code
68-Digit Unique Serial Number
7Julian Date
8Manufactured/Assembled Date
9Plant and Shift Identifier
10Data Identifier
112D Bar Code
12Gear OD/Ratio/Differential Type

Strategy Based Diagnostics

Review the system operations in order to familiarize yourself with the system functions. Refer to Limited Slip Differential Description and Operation .

Visual/Physical Inspection

  1. Inspect the system for the following: Loose or missing fasteners Obvious damage or conditions which may cause the symptom
  2. Check the system for proper operation. Refer to «Limited Slip Differential Diagnosis»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__limited-slip-differential-diagnosis) .

Symptom List

Refer to the following diagnostic procedure Limited Slip Differential Chatters in Turns .

Review the system and operation in order to familiarize yourself with the system functions. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Description .

Rear Axle Noise

The proper diagnosis is an important part of rear axle repair. In axle work, one of the most difficult conditions to diagnose is noise. Locating a broken axle shaft or broken differential gear presents little or no problems, but locating and isolating axle noise can be an entirely different matter.

Any gear driven unit, especially an automotive drive axle where the engine torque multiplication occurs at a 90 degree turn in the driveline, produces a certain amount of noise. Therefore, an interpretation must be made for each vehicle in order to determine where the noise is normal or if a problem actually exists. A certain amount of noise must be expected and cannot be eliminated by conventional repairs or adjustment.

Normal axle noise can be described as a slight noise heard only at a certain speed or under unusual or remote conditions. For example, the noise tends to reach a peak at speeds from 60-100 km/h (40-60 mph) depending on road and load conditions, or on gear ratio and tire size. This slight noise is in no way indicative of trouble in the axle assembly.

Driveline noises may confuse even the best technician. Vehicle noises coming from tires, transmission, propeller shaft, universal joints, and front or rear wheel bearings are often mistaken for axle noise.

  1. Inspect the system for loose or missing fasteners.
  2. Inspect the system for leaking components.
  3. Inspect the system for obvious damage or conditions which may cause the symptom.

Refer to a system diagnostic procedure from the following list in order to diagnose the symptom

  1. «Rear Drive Axle Noises»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle)
  2. «Noisy in Drive»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__noisy-in-drive)
  3. «Noisy When Coasting»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__noisy-when-coasting)
  4. «Intermittent Noise»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__intermittent-noise)
  5. «Constant Noise»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__constant-noise)
  6. «Noisy on Turns»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__noisy-on-turns)
  7. «Rear Axle Lubricant Leak Diagnosis»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__rear-axle-lubricant-leak-diagnosis)

Gear Noise

Gear noise or whine is audible from 32-89 km/h (20-55 mph) under 4 driving conditions

  1. Drive- Acceleration or heavy pull
  2. Road Load-Vehicle driving load or constant speed
  3. Float-Using enough throttle to keep the vehicle from driving the engine, the vehicle slows down gradually but the engine still pulls slightly
  4. Coast-Throttle is closed and the vehicle is in gear

Gear noise most frequently has periods where the noise is more prominent, usually between 48-64 km/h (30-40 mph) and 80-85 km/h (50-53 mph). Gear whine is corrected by either ring and pinion gear replacement or adjustment, depending on the mileage of the gearset.

Bearing Noise

Faulty bearings produce a rough growl or grating sound, rather than the whine typical of gear noise. Bearing noise/hum will pulsate at a constant vehicle speed. This indicates a bad pinion or a bad rear axle side bearing. This noise can be confused with rear wheel bearing noise. Inspect and replace the bearings and the affected components as required.

Rear Wheel Bearing Noise

A rough rear wheel bearing produces a noise which continues with the car coasting at low speed and the transmission in neutral. The noise may diminish some when the brakes are gently applied. The noise may also change when performing side-to-side maneuvers with the vehicle.

A rough/noisy rear wheel bearing can be heard by spinning the rear wheels by hand and listening at the hubs for the noise. Inspect and replace the bearings and the affected components as needed.

Knock at Low Speeds

A low speed knock can be caused by a differential case side gear bore that has worn oversize. Inspect the side gears and differential case and replace the components as necessary.

Backlash Clunk

Excessive backlash clunk under acceleration or deacceleration can be caused by any of the following

  1. Worn differential pinion shaft
  2. Worn differential pinion and/or side gear teeth
  3. Worn thrust washers
  4. Excessive clearance between the side gears and the axle shafts
  5. Excessive clearance between differential side gears and the bore in the case
  6. Excessive drive pinon and ring gear backlash

Inspect, adjust or replace the affected components as necessary.

Noisy in Drive

CauseCorrection
Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection .
Worn clutch disc and/or pressure plate assembly (if equipped)Replace the clutch assembly. Refer to Clutch Assembly Replacement .
Transmission noiseRepair or replace as required. Refer to Transmission Replacement , or Transmission Replacement .
Worn axle shaft constant velocity jointsNOTE: The outer joint is serviceable. If the inner joint is worn or damaged the entire wheel drive shaft must be replaced. Replace the constant velocity joints as required. Refer to Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Outer Joint and Boot Replacement , for the outer joint or Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement for the inner joint
Worn, loose, or damaged axle mount and/or bracketRepair or replace the axle mount and/or bracket as required.
Bearing noise within the differential assemblyA grinding or roar type noise will increase or decrease relative to the vehicle speed. Check for the proper fluid level. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . If the noise continues, replace the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .
Gear set whine noise within the differential assemblyA whine type noise will increase or decrease relative to the vehicle speed, approximately 80-96 km/h (50-60 mph). Typical causes of a gear set whine type noise may include incorrect backlash and/or pinion depth adjustment or worn or scored gear set teeth. Check for the proper fluid level. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . If the noise continues, replace the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .
NOTE
The outer joint is serviceable. If the inner joint is worn or damaged the entire wheel drive shaft must be replaced.

Noisy in Drive

Noisy When Coasting

CauseCorrection
IMPORTANT: Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection .
Worn axle shaft constant velocity jointsNOTE: The outer joint is servicable. If the inner joint is worn or damaged the entire wheel drive shaft must be replaced. Replace the constant velocity joints as required. Refer to Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Outer Joint and Boot Replacement , for the outer joint or Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement for the inner joint
Worn, loose, or damaged axle mount and/or bracketRepair or replace the axle mount and/or bracket as required.
Bearing noise within the differential assemblyA grinding or roar type noise will increase or decrease relative to the vehicle speed. Check for the proper fluid level. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . If the noise continues, replace the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .
Gear set whine noise within the differential assemblyA whine type noise will increase or decrease relative to the vehicle speed, approximately 80-96 km/h (50-60 mph). Typical causes of a gear set whine type noise may include incorrect backlash and/or pinion depth adjustment or worn or scored gear set teeth. Check for the proper fluid level. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . If the noise continues, replace the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .
IMPORTANT
Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection .
NOTE
The outer joint is servicable. If the inner joint is worn or damaged the entire wheel drive shaft must be replaced.

Noisy When Coasting

Intermittent Noise

CauseCorrection
IMPORTANT: Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection .
Worn, loose, or damaged axle mount and/or bracketRepair or replace the axle mount and/or bracket as required.
Incorrect gear oilReplace with the correct gear oil and friction modifier additive. Refer to Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers .
IMPORTANT
Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection .

Intermittent Noise

Constant Noise

CauseCorrection
IMPORTANT: Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . DEFINITION: A noise heard in the rear axle during all driving conditions. This noise may increase or decrease in volume based on different driving maneuvers and speeds.
Low gear oil levelsFaulty oil seals or other type leaks may contribute to lower than required fluid levels. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Leak Diagnosis . Fill to the proper level with the correct gear oil and friction modifier additive. Refer to Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers , and Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection .
Worn, loose, or damaged axle mount and/or bracketRepair or replace the axle mount and/or bracket as required.
Bearing noise within the differential assemblyA grinding or roar type noise will increase or decrease relative to the vehicle speed. Check for the proper fluid level. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . If the noise continues, replace the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .
Gear set whine noise within the differential assemblyA whine type noise will increase or decrease relative to the vehicle speed, approximately 80-96 km/h (50-60 mph). Typical causes of a gear set whine type noise may include incorrect backlash and/or pinion depth adjustment or worn or scored gear set teeth. Check for the proper fluid level. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . If the noise continues, replace the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .
IMPORTANT
Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection .

Constant Noise

Noisy on Turns

CauseCorrection
IMPORTANT: Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . Operate the vehicle turning in tight circles in both left and right directions. A chatter type concern may indicate an incorrect type gear oil, lack of the friction modifier additive, or worn friction discs and/or plates. DEFINITION: A noise is present only when the vehicle turns.
Worn or loose rear axle mount and/or bracketRepair or replace as required.
Worn axle shaft constant velocity jointsReplace the constant velocity joints as required.
Worn wheel bearingsReplace the wheel bearings as required.
Incorrect gear oilFill to the proper level with the correct gear oil and friction modifier additive. Refer to Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers , and Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection .
IMPORTANT
Inspect for the proper gear oil levels prior to performing system diagnosis. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . Operate the vehicle turning in tight circles in both left and right directions. A chatter type concern may indicate an incorrect type gear oil, lack of the friction modifier additive, or worn friction discs and/or plates.

Noisy on Turns

Rear Axle Lubricant Leak Diagnosis

Rear axle lubricant leaks can occur at the following locations

  1. Axle tube to differential carrier housing joint
  2. Axle shaft oil seal
  3. Axle housing porosity
  4. Differential housing cover gasket
  5. Drain plug
  6. Fill plug
  7. Pinion yoke oil seal
  8. Vent tube

Determining the Cause

While most rear axle leaks may be easy to find, determining the cause may not be. A thorough inspection of the area around the leak may assist in determining the cause of the leak.

Oil Seals

Lubricant leaks from a oil seal may be caused by any of the following

  1. An improperly installed seal
  2. A distorted seal
  3. A worn seal
  4. A worn shaft
  5. A brittle seal lip
  6. A hardened seal lip

To determine the actual cause of the leak, clean the area around the leak. Observe the area of the leak and determine the if the seal or another component is causing the leak. A worn seal surface will cause a leak at the sealing lip while a misaligned seal or a seal installed into a housing with an excessive bore will cause the seal to leak at the outside surface of the seal. Hardened or cracked seal lips usually indicate the axle is operating beyond the normal temperature limits for the axle. A seal whose sealing surface has been nicked or cut may indicate that the shaft has a rough, burred, or gouged surface and will need to be inspected before the seal can be replaced.

Gaskets

A leak at a gasket is usually caused by a poor fit of the components on each side of the gasket surface. Inspect each component for distortion and for nicks or gouges that may prohibit the gasket from sealing properly.

Rear Axle Housing

Rear axle housing lubricant leaks usually occur at the following locations

  1. Drain Plug
  2. Fill Plug

Drain and fill plug leaks are usually caused by a loose plug. These leaks can by repaired by either tightening the plug or by using an approved sealer on the threads on the plug.

Other leaks such as axle tube to differential carrier housing or porosity leaks require the replacement of the rear axle housing.

Limited Slip Differential Diagnosis

StepActionValuesYesNo
1Did you review the general description and perform the necessary inspections?Go to Step 2Go to Limited Slip Differential Description and Operation , and Symptoms - Locking/Limited Slip Rear Axle
2Measure the rotational force of the axle using the following procedure: Block the front wheels. Place the transmission in Neutral with the parking brake released. Raise the right rear tire off the ground. Confirm the left rear tire remains on the ground. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle . Remove the tire and wheel. Refer to Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation . Using the CH-49400 Remover and a digital torque wrench, slowly turn the wheel in the drive direction to obtain a peak measurement of the rotational force of the axle. Check in 90 degree increments for two wheel revolutions to obtain a peak measurement. Repeat the procedure for the other wheel drive shaft. Does the force measure outside the specified range?218 mm Axle 60-160 (44-118 lb ft)Go to Step 3System OK
3Repair the rear axle. Did you complete the repair?Go to Step 4
4Operate the system in order to verify the repair. Did you correct the condition?System OKGo to Step 2

Limited Slip Differential Diagnosis

Limited Slip Differential Chatters in Turns

ChecksAction
Lubricant is contaminatedDrain and flush the axle housing thoroughly. Refill with the correct lubricant. Refer to Differential Oil Replacement .
The clutch plates are deterioratedReplace the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .

Limited Slip Differential Chatters in Turns

Inspection Procedure

  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Clean any dirt from around the differential fill plug (1).
  3. Remove the fill plug (1) from the differential.
  4. Check the differential fluid level, it should be even with the bottom of the fill plug hole to no lower than 2 mm (0.08 in) below the opening.
  5. Add new fluid if necessary. Refer to «Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__adhesives-fluids-lubricants-and-sealers) .
  6. Install the differential fill plug (1) to the differential and tighten to 33 N.m (24 lb ft).
  7. Remove the support and lower the vehicle.

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and support the vehicle. «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Remove the fill plug (1).
  3. Place a drain pan under the vehicle.
  4. Remove the drain plug (1).
  5. Allow the differential to drain completely.

Installation Procedure

  1. Install the drain plug (1) and tighten to 33 N.m (24 lb ft).
  2. Fill the rear differential to the proper level with the proper fluid. Refer to «Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) , and «Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__adhesives-fluids-lubricants-and-sealers) .
  3. Install the rear differential fill plug (1) and tighten to 33 N.m (24 lb ft).
  4. Remove the support and lower the vehicle.

Differential Carrier Bushing Replacement - Front (Right Front)

Special Tools

DT-50806 Bushing Remover/Installer

  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Remove the rear wheel assemblies. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-and-wheel-removal-and-installation) .
  3. Remove the wheel drive shaft assemblies. Refer to «Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/axle-shafts/#wheel-drive-shafts__rear-wheel-drive-shaft-replacement) .
  4. Remove the differential assembly. Refer to «Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) , «Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  5. Remove the left front bushing (2) from the differential (1) using DT-50806 bushing remover/installer (3). Discard the bushing.
  1. Pull the left front bushing into the differential (2) using DT-50806 bushing remover/installer (1).
  2. Pull the left front bushing until it is flush fitted.
  3. Install the differential assembly. Refer to «Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) , «Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  4. Install the wheel drive shaft assemblies. Refer to «Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/axle-shafts/#wheel-drive-shafts__rear-wheel-drive-shaft-replacement) .
  5. Install the rear wheel assemblies. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-and-wheel-removal-and-installation) .
  6. Remove the safety stands.
  7. Lower the vehicle to the ground.

Differential Carrier Bushing Replacement - Front (Left Front)

Special Tools

DT-50806 Bushing Remover/Installer

  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Remove the rear wheel assemblies. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-and-wheel-removal-and-installation) .
  3. Remove the wheel drive shaft assemblies. Refer to «Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/axle-shafts/#wheel-drive-shafts__rear-wheel-drive-shaft-replacement) .
  4. Remove the differential assembly. Refer to «Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) , «Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  5. Remove the left front bushing (2) from the differential (3) using DT-50806 bushing remover/installer (1). Discard the bushing.
  1. Pull the left front bushing into the differential (2) using DT-50806 bushing remover/installer (1).
  2. Pull the left front bushing until it is flush fitted.
  3. Install the differential assembly. Refer to «Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) , «Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV)»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  4. Install the wheel drive shaft assemblies. Refer to «Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/axle-shafts/#wheel-drive-shafts__rear-wheel-drive-shaft-replacement) .
  5. Install the rear wheel assemblies. Refer to «Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/wheel-tire-system/#tires-and-wheels__tire-and-wheel-removal-and-installation) .
  6. Remove the safety stands.
  7. Lower the vehicle to the ground.

Scheme 2

Scheme 2: Differential Carrier Bushing Replacement - Rear
Scheme 2: Differential Carrier Bushing Replacement - Rear
CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedure Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle Removal the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV)
1Differential Housing Support Bushing Rear Procedure Mark the orientation of the bushing in the rear cradle assembly on both sides of the cradle and on the new bushing. Measure the depth of the installed bushing prior to removal. Mark the new bushing keeping the same orientation. Using the DT-50806-5 installer and remover and DT-50806-3 installer and remover , remove and install the support bushing to the same orientation and depth. Special Tools DT-50806 Bushing Replacer For regional equivalent tools, refer to Special Tools .

Differential Carrier Bushing Replacement - Rear

Scheme 3

Scheme 3: Rear Axle Vent Replacement
Scheme 3: Rear Axle Vent Replacement
CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedure Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle .
1Rear Axle Vent CAUTION: Refer to Component Fastener Tightening Caution . Tighten 20 (15 lb ft)

Rear Axle Vent Replacement

Scheme 4

Scheme 4: Differential Carrier Cover and Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)
Scheme 4: Differential Carrier Cover and Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)
CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedure Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle . Remove the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .
1Differential Carrier Cover Bolt (Qty: 9) CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution . Tighten 52 (38 lb ft)
2Differential Carrier Cover
3Differential Carrier Cover Seal
CAUTION
Refer to Fastener Caution .

Differential Carrier Cover and Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)

Scheme 5

Scheme 5: Differential Carrier Cover and Seal Replacement (218mm Axle)
Scheme 5: Differential Carrier Cover and Seal Replacement (218mm Axle)
CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedures Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle . Remove the differential carrier assembly. Refer to Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LFX, LTG) , Differential Carrier Assembly Replacement (LCV) .
1Differential Carrier Cover Bolt (Qty: 10) CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution . Tighten 60 (44 lb ft)
2Differential Carrier Cover
3Differential Carrier Cover Seal
CAUTION
Refer to Fastener Caution .

Differential Carrier Cover and Seal Replacement (218mm Axle)

Scheme 6

Scheme 6: Rear Axle Shaft Replacement (195/218mm Axles)
Scheme 6: Rear Axle Shaft Replacement (195/218mm Axles)
CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedure Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle . Remove the rear wheel drive shaft. Refer to Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement .
1Rear Axle Shaft Procedure Using the J-2619-01 Slide Hammer and the EN-24420-C Crankshaft Balancer Puller , remove the rear axle shaft. Using the appropriate tool, install the rear axle shaft Special Tools J-2619-01 Slide Hammer EN-24420-C Crankshaft Balancer Puller For regional equivalent tool, refer to Special Tools .
2Rear Axle Shaft Retaining Clip Procedure Remove and discard the retaining clip. Replace with NEW only.

Rear Axle Shaft Replacement (195/218mm Axles)

Scheme 7

Scheme 7: Rear Axle Shaft Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)
Scheme 7: Rear Axle Shaft Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)
CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedure Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle . Remove the rear axle shaft. Remove to Rear Axle Shaft Replacement (195/218mm Axles) .
1Rear Axle Shaft Seal Procedure Using a suitable tool, remove the rear axle shaft seal. Using the DT-50871 installer , install the rear axle shaft seal. Check the differential carrier for the proper fluid level. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . Special Tools DT-50871 Pinion Seal Installer For regional equivalent tools, refer to Special Tools .

Rear Axle Shaft Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)

Rear Axle Shaft Seal Replacement (218mm Axle)

CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedure Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle . Remove the rear axle shaft. Remove to Rear Axle Shaft Replacement (195/218mm Axles) .
1Rear Axle Shaft Seal Procedure Using a suitable tool , remove the rear axle shaft seal. Using the DT 36366-A installer , install the rear axle shaft seal. Check the differential carrier for the proper fluid level. Refer to Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection . Special Tools DT 36366-A Seal Installer For regional equivalent tools, refer to Special Tools .

Rear Axle Shaft Seal Replacement (218mm Axle)

Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Flange Replacement (195mm Axle)

Special Tools

  1. EN 24420-A Crankshaft Balancer Puller
  2. DT 45012 Holding Fixture

For equivalent regional tools, refer to Special Tools .

  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Remove the propeller shaft assembly. Refer to «Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/driveshaft-universal-joints/#propeller-shaft) .
  3. Using the appropriate tools, remove the stakes (1) and (2) from the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut.
  4. Using the DT 45012 fixture with a breaker bar (2), hold the rear wheel drive shaft flange.
  5. Using the proper size socket and the breaker bar (1), loosen the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut.
  6. Remove the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut (2) and the washer (1).
  7. Discard the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut (2). Replace with NEW only.
  8. Using the EN 24420-A puller (1) , remove the rear wheel drive shaft flange.
  1. Position the rear wheel drive shaft flange (1)) on the pinion shaft.
  2. Using a brass hammer, tap the flange (1) on the drive pinion shaft.
  3. Apply a small amount of silicone sealant to the splines of the flange, Refer to «Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__adhesives-fluids-lubricants-and-sealers) .
  4. Install washer (2) and hand start the NEW rear wheel drive shaft flange nut (3).
  5. Using the DT 45012 fixture and breaker bar (2) with the proper size socket rachet (1), tighten the NEW rear wheel drive shaft flange nut to 105 N.m (77 lb ft)until the pinion end play is just taken up.
  6. Using a hammer and a punch, stake two sides (1) and (2) of the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut to the grooves in the drive pinion gear.
  7. Check the fluid level of the rear drive axle. Refer to «Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  8. Install the propeller shaft assembly. Refer to «Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/driveshaft-universal-joints/#propeller-shaft)
  9. Remove the support and lower the vehicle.

Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Flange Replacement (218mm Axle)

Special Tools

  1. EN 24420-A Crankshaft Balancer Puller
  2. DT 45012 Holding Fixture

For equivalent regional tools, refer to Special Tools .

  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Remove the propeller shaft assembly. Refer to «Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/driveshaft-universal-joints/#propeller-shaft) .
  3. Using the appropriate tools, remove the stakes (1) and (2) from the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut.
  4. Using the DT 45012 fixture with a breaker bar (2), hold the rear wheel drive shaft flange.
  5. Using the proper size socket and the breaker bar (1), loosen the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut.
  6. Remove the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut (2) and the washer (1).
  7. Discard the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut (2). Replace with NEW only.
  8. Using the EN 24420-A puller (1) , remove the rear wheel drive shaft flange.
  1. Position the rear wheel drive shaft flange (1) on the pinion shaft.
  2. Using a brass hammer, tap the flange (1) on the drive pinion shaft.
  3. Apply a small amount of silicone sealant to the splines of the rear wheel drive shaft flange, Refer to «Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle__adhesives-fluids-lubricants-and-sealers) .
  4. Install washer (2) and hand start the NEW rear wheel drive shaft flange nut (3).
  5. Using the DT 45012 fixture and breaker bar (2) with the proper size socket (1), tighten the NEW rear wheel drive shaft flange nut to 105 N.m (77 lb ft)until the pinion end play is just taken up.
  6. Using a hammer and a punch, stake two sides (1) and (2) of the rear wheel drive shaft flange nut to the grooves in the drive pinion gear.
  7. Check the fluid level of the rear drive axle. Refer to «Rear Axle Lubricant Level Inspection»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  8. Install the propeller shaft assembly. Refer to «Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/driveshaft-universal-joints/#propeller-shaft)
  9. Remove the support and lower the vehicle.
  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Drain the rear differential carrier assembly. Refer to «Differential Oil Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  3. Remove the propeller shaft. Refer to «Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/driveshaft-universal-joints/#propeller-shaft) .
  4. Separate the rear wheel drive shafts from the differential carrier assembly. Refer to «Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/axle-shafts/#wheel-drive-shafts__rear-wheel-drive-shaft-replacement) .
  5. Support the differential carrier assembly with a suitable hydraulic jack stand (1).
  6. Remove the differential carrier rear bolt and washer (2).
  7. Remove the 2 differential carrier front bolts (1).
  8. Using the hydraulic jack stand, lower and remove the differential carrier assembly (1).
  1. Raise the differential carrier assembly (1) into position.
  2. Install the differential carrier rear bolt (1) and tighten to: First Pass: 220 (162 lb ft) Final Pass: plus 60 degrees
  3. Install the 2 differential carrier front bolts (1) and tighten to: First Pass: 50 (37 lb ft). Final Pass: plus 90 degrees
  4. Install the rear wheel drive shafts to the differential carrier assembly. Refer to «Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/axle-shafts/#wheel-drive-shafts__rear-wheel-drive-shaft-replacement) .
  5. Install the propeller shaft. Refer to «Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/driveshaft-universal-joints/#propeller-shaft) .
  6. Fill the differential with the proper fluid. Refer to «Differential Oil Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  7. Remove the supports and lower the vehicle.
  1. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to «Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/hoistjack/#general-information__lifting-and-jacking-the-vehicle) .
  2. Drain the rear differential carrier assembly. Refer to «Differential Oil Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  3. Remove the propeller shaft. Refer to «Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/driveshaft-universal-joints/#propeller-shaft) .
  4. Separate the rear wheel drive shafts from the differential carrier assembly. Refer to «Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/axle-shafts/#wheel-drive-shafts__rear-wheel-drive-shaft-replacement) .
  5. Support the differential carrier assembly with a suitable hydraulic jack stand (1).
  6. Remove the differential carrier rear bolt and washer (2).
  7. Remove the 2 differential carrier front bolts (1).
  8. Using the hydraulic jack stand, lower and remove the differential carrier assembly (1).
  1. Raise the differential carrier assembly (1) into position.
  2. Install the differential carrier rear bolt (1) and tighten to: First Pass: 220 (162 lb ft) Final Pass: plus 60 degrees
  3. Install the 2 differential carrier front bolts (1) and tighten to: First Pass: 50 (37 lb ft). Final Pass: plus 90 degrees
  4. Install the rear wheel drive shafts to the differential carrier assembly. Refer to «Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/axle-shafts/#wheel-drive-shafts__rear-wheel-drive-shaft-replacement) .
  5. Install the propeller shaft. Refer to «Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/driveshaft-universal-joints/#propeller-shaft) .
  6. Fill the differential with the proper fluid. Refer to «Differential Oil Replacement»(/cadillac/ats/i-2012-2014/remont/differentials-drive-axles/#rear-drive-axle) .
  7. Remove the supports and lower the vehicle.

Scheme 8

Scheme 8: Differential Drive Pinion Gear Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)
Scheme 8: Differential Drive Pinion Gear Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)
CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedure Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle Remove the rear wheel drive shaft flange. Refer to Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Flange Replacement (195mm Axle) .
1Differential Drive Pinion Gear Seal Procedure Using the appropriate tool, remove the differential drive pinion gear seal. Using the DT-49861 installer , install the differential drive pinion gear seal. Special Tools DT-49861 Seal Installer For regional equivalent tools, refer to Special Tools .

Differential Drive Pinion Gear Seal Replacement (195mm Axle)

Differential Drive Pinion Gear Seal Replacement (218mm Axle)

CalloutComponent Name
Preliminary Procedure Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle Remove the rear wheel drive shaft flange. Refer to Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Flange Replacement (218mm Axle) .
1Differential Drive Pinion Gear Seal Procedure Using the appropriate tool, remove the differential drive pinion gear seal. Using the DT-50871 installer , install the differential drive pinion gear seal. Special Tools DT-50871 Pinion Seal Installer For regional equivalent tools, refer to Special Tools .

Differential Drive Pinion Gear Seal Replacement (218mm Axle)

Differential Carrier Assembly Description

The rear axle for this vehicle consist of the following components

  1. Cast iron Differential Carrier Housing
  2. Aluminum Differential Carrier Housing Cover
  3. Differential Case Assembly (Open or Locking)
  4. Ring Gear and Drive Pinion Shaft
  5. Fill Plug
  6. Drain Plug

The 195mm rear axle can be identified by the rear axle housing cover. The 195mm will have 3 bolts across the top of the rear axle housing cover and a total of 9 bolts in the rear axle housing cover.

The rear axle receives power from the propeller shaft and transfers it to the drive pinion through the universal joint and the pinion yoke, which is attached to the drive pinion. The drive pinion transfers the power to the ring gear which is splined to the drive pinion at a 90 degree angle. The ring gear is attached to the differential case which contains four gears inside of it. Two of the gears are side gears and two are pinion gears. Each side gear is splined to an axle shaft so each axle shaft turns when its side gear rotates. The pinion gears are mounted on a differential pinion shaft, and the pinion gears are free to rotate on this shaft. The pinion shaft is fitted into a bore in the differential case and is at right angles to the axle shafts. Power is transmitted through the differential as follows: the drive pinion rotates the ring gear. The ring gear rotates the differential case. The ring gear, as it rotates with the differential case, forces the pinion gears against the side gears. The side gears rotate the axle shafts to which the wheels are attached to. When both wheels have an equal amount of traction, the pinion gears do not rotate on the pinion shaft because of input force on the pinion gears is equally divided between the two side gears. Therefore, the pinion gears revolve with the pinion shaft, but do not rotate around the shaft itself. The addition of the two pinion gears and the two side gears are needed to allow the wheel drive shafts to turn at different speeds. When the vehicle turns a corner, the inner wheel turns slower than the outer wheel. The amount slower the inner wheel spins is equal to the same amount the outer wheel spins faster, as compared to the straight line speed. When this happens, the pinion gears rotate around the pinion shaft and allow the wheels to spin at different speeds.

Limited Slip Differential

The locking differential consists of the following components

  1. Cast Iron Differential Carrier Housing
  2. Aluminum Differential Carrier Housing Cover
  3. Pinion gear shaft
  4. Differential pinion gear shaft lock pin
  5. Limited Slip Differential Clutch Disc Splined (Friction material on disc and splines on the inside of disc)
  6. Limited Slip Differential Clutch Disc Eared (Disc without friction material and ears to the outside of the disc)
  7. Differential side gears
  8. Differential clutch disc thrust washer
  9. Differential pinion gears
  10. Differential pinion gear thrust washers

The 218mm rear axle can be identified by the rear axle housing cover. The 218mm will have 2 bolts across the top of the rear axle housing cover and a total of 10 bolts in the rear axle housing cover.

In a conventional differential, if one wheel spins, the opposite wheel will generate only as much torque as the wheel with the least amount of traction. In a limited slip differential, part of the ring gear torque is transmitted through clutch packs which contain multiple discs. In operation, two forces engage the limited slip differential's clutches. The first is the pre-load force within the clutch packs. The second is the separating forces generated by the side gears as torque is applied through the ring gear. The limited slip design provides the action needed for turning corners and for driving in a straight line when traction is uneven. When one wheel loses traction, the clutch packs transfer additional torque to the wheel having the most traction. Limited slip differential resist wheel spin on bumpy roads and provides greater pulling power when one wheel loses traction. If both wheels slip due to unequal traction, limited slip operation is normal. Also in extreme case of unequal traction, the wheel with the least amount of traction may spin.

Special Tools

Illustration Tool Number/Description EN 24420-C J 24420-C Crankshaft Balancer Puller J 2619-01 Slide Hammer DT 36366-A J 36366-A Seal Installer DT 45012 J 45012 Holder Fixture DT 49861 Seal Installer DT 50806 Bushing Replacer DT 50871 Pinion Seal Installer

Scheme 9

Scheme 9: Special Tools
Scheme 9: Special Tools

Scheme 10

Scheme 10
Scheme 10

Scheme 11

Scheme 11
Scheme 11

Scheme 12

Scheme 12
Scheme 12

Scheme 13

Scheme 13
Scheme 13

See also:
• Clutch Assembly Replacement
• Transmission Replacement
• Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Outer Joint and Boot Replacement
• Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement
• Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle
• Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation
• Fastener Caution
• Safety Glasses Warning
• Component Fastener Tightening Caution
• Two-Piece Propeller Shaft Replacement
• Limited Slip Differential Description and Operation
• Limited Slip Differential Diagnosis
• Limited Slip Differential Chatters in Turns
• Differential Carrier Assembly Description
• Noisy in Drive
• Noisy When Coasting
• Intermittent Noise
• Constant Noise
• Noisy on Turns
• Rear Axle Lubricant Leak Diagnosis
• Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers
• Special Tools
• Rear Wheel Drive Shaft Flange Replacement (195mm Axle)

More articles — Driveline/axles