Engine Exhaust System Buick LeSabre VIII

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Diagnostic Starting Point - Engine Exhaust

Begin the system diagnosis by reviewing the system Description and Operation. See DESCRIPTION & OPERATION . Reviewing the information will help you determine the correct symptom diagnostic procedure when a malfunction exists. It will also help you determine if the condition described by the customer is normal operation. Refer to Symptoms - Engine Exhaust in order to identify the correct procedure for diagnosing the system.

Symptoms - Engine Exhaust

1. Review the Exhaust System Description and Operation in order to familiarize yourself with the system functions. Refer to «Exhaust System Description»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system__exhaust-system-description) .
2. All diagnostics on a vehicle should follow a logical process. Strategy Based Diagnostics is a uniform approach for repairing all systems. The diagnostic flow is the place to start when repairs are necessary and may always be used in order to resolve a system problem.

Visual/Physical Inspection

1. Inspect for aftermarket or non-OEM devices such as, but not including; tailpipe extensions, headers, and exhaust cutouts. This could affect the operation and proper performance of the exhaust system.
2. Verify the exact operating conditions under which the concern exists. Note factors such as engine RPM, engine temperature, engine load, and frequency of concern.
3. Inspect the easily accessible or visible system components for obvious damage or conditions which could cause any symptom.

Intermittent

Test the vehicle under the same conditions that the customer reported in order to verify the system is operating as designed.

Symptom List

Refer to a symptom diagnostic procedure from the following list in order to diagnose the symptom

1. Loss of Power. Refer to «Restricted Exhaust»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
2. Poor acceleration. Refer to «Restricted Exhaust»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
3. Poor fuel economy. Refer to «Restricted Exhaust»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
4. Excessive smoke-diesel. Refer to «Restricted Exhaust»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
5. Exhaust hissing noise. Refer to «Exhaust Leakage»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
6. Exhaust popping noise. Refer to «Exhaust Leakage»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
7. Exhaust rattle noise. Refer to «Exhaust Noise»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
8. Loud exhaust noise. Refer to «Exhaust Noise»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
9. Exhaust buzz, groan and hum noise. Refer to «Exhaust Noise»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .

Diagnostic Aids

For dual exhaust systems a quick check of exhaust flow will help determine which side of the exhaust system is restricted. The side that has less exhaust flow is the side that will be suspect, and diagnosis should begin there.

Test Description

Tools Required: J 35314-A Exhaust Back Pressure Gauge

The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.

1. 4) - The exhaust system has very low back pressure under normal conditions. If the exhaust system is restricted, a significant increase in the exhaust pressure is noticed on the J 35314-A. Removing the HO2S sensor may set a DTC. When finishing this diagnostic table, be sure to clear all codes.
2. 5) - This step will isolate the catalytic converter from the remainder of the exhaust system.

Diagnostic Procedure

1. Did you verify the customers concern? If so, go to next step.
2. Did you review the exhaust symptoms diagnostic information and perform the necessary inspections? If so, go to next step. If not, go to «Symptoms - Engine Exhaust»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system__symptoms-engine-exhaust) .
3. Is the system equipped with dual exhaust? If so, go to «Diagnostic Aids»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system__diagnostic-aids) . If not, go to next step.
4. Remove the HO2S that is in front of the catalytic converter. Install the J 35314-A in place of the HO2S sensor. Start the engine. Increase and monitor the engine speed at 2,500 RPM. Observe the exhaust system back pressure reading on the gauge. Does the reading exceed 9 kPa (1.25 PSI)? If so, go to next step. If not, go to step 8 .
5. Turn the engine off and place the ignition in the lock position. Remove the J 35314-A . Re-install the HO2S sensor. Remove the post-catalyst HO2S sensor. Install the J 35314-A in place of the post HO2S sensor. Start the engine. Increase and monitor the engine speed at 2,500 RPM. Observe the exhaust system back pressure reading on the gauge. Does the reading exceed 9 kPa (1.25 PSI)? If so, go to next step. If not, go to step 7 .
6. Inspect the exhaust system for damage in the exhaust pipe, debris in the exhaust pipe, muffler or resonator internal failure, or two-layer exhaust pipe separation. Did you find and correct the condition? If so, go to step 8 .
7. Replace the catalytic converter. Refer to «Exhaust System Replacement»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) . After repairs, go to next step.
8. Remove the J 35314-A. Reinstall the applicable HO2S sensor. Clear any codes. Road test the vehicle in order to verify the repair. Did you correct the condition? If so, system is okay. If not, go to step 2 .

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Scheme 4

1. Disconnect the spark plug wires from the spark plugs.
2. Remove the oil level indicator and tube. Refer to «OIL LEVEL INDICATOR & TUBE REPLACEMENT»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-on-vehicle) .
3. Remove the left engine lift bracket retaining fasteners.
4. Remove the left engine lift bracket.
5. Remove the two bolts attaching the exhaust crossover to the left exhaust manifold.
6. Remove the left exhaust manifold retaining fasteners.
7. Remove the left exhaust manifold and the gasket from the engine. Do not reuse the gasket.
8. Clean and inspect the left exhaust manifold. Refer to «EXHAUST MANIFOLD CLEANING & INSPECTION»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-unit-repair) .

Installation Procedure

1. Place a NEW exhaust manifold gasket over the cylinder head studs.
2. Position the left exhaust manifold to the exhaust crossover and up to the left cylinder head.
3. Install the left exhaust manifold fasteners. Tighten the exhaust manifold fasteners to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
4. Install the two bolts attaching the exhaust crossover to the left exhaust manifold. Tighten the exhaust manifold crossover bolts to 20 N.m (15 ft lbs).
5. Position the left engine lift bracket to the engine.
6. Install the left engine lift bracket retaining fasteners. Tighten the engine lift bracket retaining fasteners to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
7. Install the oil level indicator and tube.
8. Connect the spark plug wires to the spark plugs.

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Scheme 8

1. Remove the fuel injector sight shield. Refer to «FUEL INJECTOR SIGHT SHIELD REPLACEMENT»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-on-vehicle) .
2. Disconnect the heated oxygen sensor at the sensor pigtail.
3. Remove the right side spark plugs.
4. Remove the two nuts securing the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover.
5. Remove the power brake booster heat shield from the exhaust crossover.
6. Remove the two bolts attaching the exhaust crossover to the right exhaust manifold.
7. Remove the transaxle filler tube.
8. Raise and support the vehicle.
9. Remove the exhaust manifold pipe. Refer to «Exhaust Manifold Pipe Replacement»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
10. Remove the heated oxygen sensor if replacement is necessary.
11. Remove the fuel injector sight shield bracket retaining nuts.
12. Remove the fuel injector sight shield bracket.
13. Remove the right engine lift bracket retaining fasteners.
14. Remove the right engine lift bracket.
15. Remove the bolt (1) securing the EGR inlet pipe to the right exhaust manifold.
16. Remove the right exhaust manifold retaining fasteners.
17. Remove the right exhaust manifold and the gasket from the engine. Do not reuse the gasket.
18. Remove the exhaust crossover seal from the exhaust crossover. Do not reuse the seal.
19. Clean and inspect the right exhaust manifold. Refer to «EXHAUST MANIFOLD CLEANING & INSPECTION»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-unit-repair) .

1. Place a NEW exhaust crossover seal over the exhaust crossover.
2. Place a NEW exhaust manifold gasket over the cylinder head studs.
3. Position the right exhaust manifold around the exhaust crossover and up to the right cylinder head.
4. Install the right exhaust manifold fasteners. Tighten the exhaust manifold fasteners to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
5. Install the bolt (1) securing the EGR inlet pipe to the right exhaust manifold. Tighten the EGR inlet pipe bolt to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
6. Position the right engine lift bracket to the engine.
7. Install the right engine lift bracket retaining fasteners. Tighten the engine lift bracket retaining fasteners to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
8. Position the fuel injector sight shield bracket to the engine.
9. Install the fuel injector sight shield bracket retaining nuts. Tighten the fuel injector sight shield bracket retaining nuts to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
10. Install the heated oxygen sensor.
11. Install the exhaust manifold pipe. Refer to «Exhaust Manifold Pipe Replacement»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
12. Lower the vehicle.
13. Install the transaxle filler tube.
14. Install the bolts securing the exhaust crossover to the right exhaust manifold. Tighten the exhaust crossover bolts to 20 N.m (15 ft lbs).
15. Install the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover.
16. Install the two nuts securing the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover. Tighten the power brake booster heat shield nuts to 20 N.m (15 ft lbs).
17. Install the right side spark plugs.
18. Connect the heated oxygen sensor at the sensor pigtail.
19. Install the fuel injector sight shield. Refer to «FUEL INJECTOR SIGHT SHIELD REPLACEMENT»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-on-vehicle) .

Scheme 9

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Scheme 14

1. Remove the fuel injector sight shield. Refer to «FUEL INJECTOR SIGHT SHIELD REPLACEMENT»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-on-vehicle) .
2. Disconnect the heated oxygen sensor at the sensor pigtail.
3. Remove the right side spark plugs.
4. Disconnect the connector from the secondary AIR valve (2).
5. Disconnect the hose (1) from the secondary AIR valve (2).
6. Remove the two bolts (4) attaching the secondary AIR tube to the exhaust manifold.
7. Remove the secondary AIR tube and the gasket (5) from the exhaust manifold. Do not reuse the gasket.
8. Remove the bolt (3) securing the secondary AIR valve (2) to the fuel injector sight shield bracket.
9. Remove the secondary AIR valve (2) from the fuel injector sight shield bracket.
10. Remove the two nuts securing the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover.
11. Remove the power brake booster heat shield from the exhaust crossover.
12. Remove the two bolts attaching the exhaust crossover to the right exhaust manifold.
13. Remove the transaxle filler tube.
14. Raise and support the vehicle.
15. Remove the exhaust manifold pipe. Refer to «Exhaust Manifold Pipe Replacement»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
16. Remove the right exhaust manifold studs.
17. Remove the heated oxygen sensor if replacement is necessary.
18. Remove the fuel injector sight shield bracket retaining nuts.
19. Remove the fuel injector sight shield bracket.
20. Remove the right engine lift bracket retaining fasteners.
21. Remove the right engine lift bracket.
22. Remove the bolt (1) securing the EGR inlet pipe to the right exhaust manifold.
23. Remove the right exhaust manifold retaining fasteners.
24. Remove the right exhaust manifold and the gasket from the engine. Do not reuse the gasket.
25. Remove the exhaust crossover seal from the exhaust crossover. Do not reuse the seal.
26. Clean and inspect the right exhaust manifold. Refer to «EXHAUST MANIFOLD CLEANING & INSPECTION»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-unit-repair) .

1. Place a NEW exhaust crossover seal over the exhaust crossover.
2. Place a NEW exhaust manifold gasket over the cylinder head studs.
3. Position the right exhaust manifold around the exhaust crossover and up to the right cylinder head.
4. Install the right exhaust manifold fasteners. Tighten the exhaust manifold fasteners to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
5. Install the bolt (1) securing the EGR inlet pipe to the right exhaust manifold. Tighten the EGR inlet pipe bolt to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
6. Position the right engine lift bracket to the engine.
7. Install the right engine lift bracket retaining fasteners. Tighten the engine lift bracket retaining fasteners to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
8. Position the fuel injector sight shield bracket to the engine.
9. Install the fuel injector sight shield bracket retaining nuts. Tighten the fuel injector sight shield bracket retaining nuts to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
10. Install the right exhaust manifold studs. Tighten the exhaust manifold studs to 9 N.m (80 in lbs).
11. Install the heated oxygen sensor.
12. Install the exhaust manifold pipe. Refer to «Exhaust Manifold Pipe Replacement»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .
13. Lower the vehicle.
14. Install the transaxle filler tube.
15. Install the bolts securing the exhaust crossover to the right exhaust manifold. Tighten the exhaust crossover bolts to 20 N.m (15 ft lbs).
16. Install the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover.
17. Install the two nuts securing the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover. Tighten the power brake booster heat shield nuts to 20 N.m (15 ft lbs).
18. Position the secondary AIR valve (2) to the fuel injector sight shield bracket.
19. Install the bolt (3) securing the secondary AIR valve (2) to the fuel injector sight shield bracket. Tighten the secondary AIR valve bolt to 25 N.m (18 ft lbs).
20. Install the new gasket (5) to the secondary AIR tube.
21. Install the two bolts (4) attaching the secondary AIR tube to the exhaust manifold. Tighten the secondary AIR tube bolts to 10 N.m (89 in lbs).
22. Connect the hose (1) to the secondary AIR valve (2).
23. Connect the connector to the secondary AIR valve (2).
24. Install the right side spark plugs.
25. Connect the heated oxygen sensor at the sensor pigtail.
26. Install the fuel injector sight shield.

Scheme 15

Scheme 16

1. Raise and support the vehicle.
2. Remove the four nuts securing the catalytic converter to the exhaust manifold pipe.
3. Position the exhaust system rearward, enough to allow the studs located in the front of the catalytic converter to clear the exhaust manifold pipe.
4. Remove the catalytic converter gasket. Do not reuse the gasket.
5. Remove the two nuts attaching the exhaust manifold pipe to the right exhaust manifold.
6. Remove the exhaust manifold pipe and the gasket. Do not reuse the gasket.

1. Place a NEW exhaust manifold pipe gasket over the right exhaust manifold studs.
2. Position the exhaust manifold pipe to the right exhaust manifold.
3. Install the two nuts attaching the exhaust manifold pipe to the right exhaust manifold. Tighten the exhaust manifold pipe nuts to 40 N.m (30 ft lbs).
4. Place a NEW catalytic converter gasket over the catalytic converter studs.
5. Position the catalytic converter to the exhaust manifold pipe.
6. Install the four nuts in order to secure the catalytic converter to the exhaust manifold pipe. Tighten the catalytic converter nuts to 25 N.m (18 ft lbs).
7. Lower the vehicle.

Scheme 17

Scheme 18

1. Remove the fuel injector sight shield. Refer to «FUEL INJECTOR SIGHT SHIELD REPLACEMENT»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-on-vehicle) .
2. Remove the air cleaner intake duct.
3. Remove the two nuts securing the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover.
4. Remove the power brake booster heat shield from the exhaust crossover.
5. Remove the four bolts attaching the exhaust crossover to the exhaust manifolds.
6. Remove the exhaust crossover from the engine. Do not reuse the seal.

Scheme 19

1. Place the NEW exhaust crossover seal over the exhaust crossover.
2. Insert the exhaust crossover into the right exhaust manifold.
3. Install the bolts securing the exhaust crossover to the exhaust manifolds. Tighten the exhaust crossover bolts to 20 N.m (15 ft lbs).
4. Install the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover.
5. Install the two nuts securing the power brake booster heat shield to the exhaust crossover. Tighten the power brake booster heat shield nuts to 20 N.m (15 ft lbs).
6. Install the air cleaner intake duct.
7. Install the fuel injector sight shield. Refer to «FUEL INJECTOR SIGHT SHIELD REPLACEMENT»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/mechanical/#engine-mechanical-38l-on-vehicle) .

Removal Procedure

Servicing of the catalytic converter, resonator or pipe requires the replacement of the exhaust system as a complete one-piece unit.

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Scheme 23

1. Raise and support the vehicle.
2. Remove the oxygen sensor wiring harness heat shield.
3. Disconnect the heated oxygen sensor at the pigtail.
4. Remove the heated oxygen sensor if replacement is necessary.
5. Remove the four nuts securing the catalytic converter to the exhaust manifold pipe.
6. Remove the catalytic converter gasket. Do not reuse the gasket.
7. Suitably support the exhaust system.
8. Remove the two bolts securing the center exhaust hangers to the rear suspension support brackets.
9. Remove the bolt securing the rear exhaust hanger bracket to the rear compartment rail.
10. With the aid of an assistant, lower the exhaust system.
11. Remove the nut securing the rear exhaust hanger to the rear exhaust hanger bracket.
12. Remove the rear exhaust hanger bracket from the rear exhaust hanger.

1. Install the rear exhaust hanger bracket to the rear exhaust hanger.
2. Install the nut securing the rear exhaust hanger to the rear exhaust hanger bracket. Tighten the rear exhaust hanger nut to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
3. Place a NEW catalytic converter gasket over the catalytic converter studs.
4. With the aid of an assistant, raise the exhaust system into position, aligning the catalytic converter with the exhaust manifold pipe.
5. Finger tighten the four nuts to the catalytic converter studs.
6. Install the bolt securing the rear exhaust hanger bracket to the rear compartment rail. Tighten the rear exhaust hanger bolt to 50 N.m (37 ft lbs).
7. Install the two bolts securing the center exhaust hangers to the rear suspension support brackets. Tighten the center exhaust hanger bolts to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
8. Tighten the four catalytic converter nuts previously installed in step 5 . Tighten the catalytic converter nuts to 25 N.m (18 ft lbs).
9. Install the heated oxygen sensor.
10. Install the oxygen sensor wiring harness heat shield.
11. Lower the vehicle.

Service the exhaust hangers individually in order to retain the support of the exhaust system.

Scheme 24

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Scheme 26

1. Raise and support the vehicle.
2. Remove the bolt securing the center exhaust hanger to the rear suspension support bracket.
3. Apply a suitable lubricant to the exhaust pipe hanger rod in order to ease the removal of the hanger.
4. Pull outward on the center exhaust hanger in order to remove it from the exhaust pipe hanger rod.
5. Remove the nut securing the rear exhaust hanger to the rear exhaust hanger bracket.
6. Apply a suitable lubricant to the tail pipe hanger rod in order to ease the removal of the hanger.
7. Pull outward on the rear exhaust hanger in order to remove it from the tail pipe hanger rod.

1. Apply a soapy solution to the tail pipe hanger rod and the inner diameter of the rear exhaust hanger in order to ease the installation of the hanger.
2. Press the rear exhaust hanger over the tail pipe hanger rod.
3. Position the rear exhaust hanger to the rear exhaust hanger bracket.
4. Install the nut securing the rear exhaust hanger to the rear exhaust hanger bracket. Tighten the rear exhaust hanger nut to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
5. Apply a soapy solution to the exhaust pipe hanger rod and the inner diameter of the center exhaust hanger in order to ease the installation of the hanger.
6. Press the center exhaust hanger over the exhaust pipe hanger rod.
7. Install the bolt securing the center exhaust hanger to the rear suspension support bracket. Tighten the center exhaust hanger bolt to 30 N.m (22 ft lbs).
8. Lower the vehicle.

Scheme 27

1. Remove the exhaust system. Refer to «Exhaust System Replacement»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) . CAUTION: Eye protection must be worn when drilling rivets to reduce the chance of personal injury.
2. Drill through the center of the heat shield rivets.
3. Remove the heat shield (2) from the floor panel in the following order: 3.1. Pull downward on the heat shield (2) in order to disengage from the retaining stud (1). 3.2. Slide the heat shield (2) to the left, out from under the oxygen sensor wiring harness heat shield.

1. Position the heat shield (2) to the floor panel in the following order: 1.1. Slide the heat shield (2) to the right, under the oxygen sensor wiring harness heat shield. 1.2. Push the heat shield (2) upward, over the retaining stud (1). 1.3. Align the holes in the heat shield (2) with the holes in the floor panel.
2. Using a rivet gun, fasten both the oxygen sensor wiring harness heat shield and the catalytic converter heat shield (2) to the floor panel with a single rivet (3).
3. Install the remaining rivets.
4. Install the exhaust system. Refer to «Exhaust System Replacement»(/buick/lesabre/viii-2000-2005/remont/exhaust/#engine-exhaust-system) .

Scheme 28

1. Raise and support the vehicle. CAUTION: Eye protection must be worn when drilling rivets to reduce the chance of personal injury.
2. Drill through the center of the heat shield rivets.
3. Remove the heat shield (2) from the floor panel.
4. Remove the oxygen sensor retainer (1) from the heat shield (2).

1. Install the oxygen sensor retainer (1) to the heat shield.
2. Position the heat shield (2) to the floor panel, aligning the holes.
3. Using a rivet gun, fasten both the oxygen sensor wiring harness heat shield (2) and the catalytic converter heat shield to the floor panel with a single rivet (3).
4. Install the remaining rivets.
5. Lower the vehicle.

Exhaust System Description

Important: Use of non-OEM parts may cause driveability concerns.

The exhaust system carries exhaust gases, treated by the catalytic converter, through a resonator, if applicable and into the exhaust muffler where exhaust noise is lessened.

In order to secure the exhaust pipe to the exhaust manifold, a flange and seal-joint coupling is utilized. The exhaust system may utilize a slip-joint coupling design with a clamp and a U-bolt or a flange connection with a gasket.

Exhaust hangers and rubber insulators help to support the weight of the exhaust pipe along with insulating any exhaust system vibration, rattle, or noise.

Exhaust hangers also space the exhaust system away from the underbody of the vehicle and allows the exhaust system to expand as the exhaust system warms up.

Exhaust heat shields are used to protect the body and other components from damage due to the heat from the exhaust system.

The exhaust system may be comprised of the following components

1. Exhaust manifold.
2. Exhaust pipes.
3. Catalytic converters.
4. Exhaust muffler.
5. Exhaust resonator, if equipped.
6. Exhaust tail pipe, if equipped.
7. Exhaust hangers.
8. Exhaust heat shields.

Resonator

Some exhaust systems are equipped with a resonator. The resonator, located either before or after the muffler, allows the use of mufflers with less back pressure. Resonators are used when vehicle characteristics require specific exhaust tuning.

Catalytic Converter

The catalytic converter is an emission control device added to the engine exhaust system in order to reduce hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) pollutants from the exhaust gas.

The catalytic converter is comprised of a ceramic monolith substrate, supported in insulation and housed within a sheet metal shell. The substrate may be washcoated with 3 noble metals

1. Platinum (Pt)
2. Palladium (Pd)
3. Rhodium (Rh)

The catalyst in the converter is not serviceable.

Muffler

The exhaust muffler reduces the noise levels of the engine exhaust by the use of tuning tubes. The tuning tubes create channels inside the exhaust muffler that lower the sound levels created by the combustion of the engine.

Scheme 29

See also:
• OIL LEVEL INDICATOR & TUBE REPLACEMENT
• EXHAUST MANIFOLD CLEANING & INSPECTION
• DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
• Symptoms - Engine Exhaust
• Exhaust System Description
• Diagnostic Aids