IDENTIFICATION
| Model (Chassis Code) | Engine Size (Code) |
| 1991-1995 |
| 318i & 318is (E36) | 1.8L (M42) |
| 1992-1995 |
| 325i & 325is (E36) | 2.5L (M50) |
| 1995 |
| 318ti (E36) | 1.8L (M42) |
| M3 (E36) | 3.0L (S50) |
| 1996-1997 |
| 318is (E36) | 1.9L (M44) |
| 1996-1998 |
| 318i (E36) | 1.9L (M44) |
| Z3 (E36) | 1.9L (M44) |
| 1996-1999 |
| 318ti (E36) | 1.9L (M44) |
| 328i & 328is (E36) | 2.8L (M52) |
| M3 (E36) | 3.2L (S52) |
| 1997-1998 |
| Z3 (E36) | 2.8L (M52) |
| 1998-1999 |
| 323i & 323is (E36) | 2.5L (M52) |
| M Roadster (E36) | 3.2L (S52) |
| 1999 |
| M Coupe (E36) | 3.2L (S52) |
| 1999-2000 |
| Z3 (E36) | 2.5L (M52TU) |
| Z3 (E36) | 2.8L (M52TU) |
| 2000-2002 |
| M Coupe (E36) | 3.2L (S54) |
| M Roadster (E36) | 3.2L (S54) |
| 2001-2002 |
| Z3 (E36) | 2.5L (M54) |
1991-2002 CHASSIS & ENGINE IDENTIFICATION (E36)
| Model (Chassis Code) | Engine Size (Code) |
| 1997-2000 |
| 528i (E39) | 2.8L (M52) |
| 1997-2002 |
| 540i (E39) | 4.4L (M62) |
| 2000-2002 |
| M5 (E39) | 5.0L (S62) |
| 2001-2002 |
| 525i (E39) | 2.5L (M54) |
| 530i (E39) | 3.0L (M54) |
1997-2002 CHASSIS & ENGINE IDENTIFICATION (E39)
| Model (Chassis Code) | Engine Size (Code) |
| 1999 |
| 323is (E46) | 2.5L (M52TU) |
| 328i (E46) | 2.8L (M52TU) |
| 1999-2000 |
| 323i (E46) | 2.5L (M52TU) |
| 2000 |
| 323Ci (E46) | 2.5L (M52TU) |
| 328Ci (E46) | 2.8L (M52TU) |
| 2001-2002 |
| 325i, 325Ci & 325xi (E46) | 2.5L (M54) |
| 330i, 330Ci & 330xi (E46) | 3.0L (M54) |
| M3 (E46) | 3.2L (S54) |
1999-2002 CHASSIS & ENGINE IDENTIFICATION (E46)
| Model (Chassis Code) | Engine Size (Code) |
| 2000-2002 |
| Z8 (E52) | 5.0L (S62) |
2000-2002 CHASSIS & ENGINE IDENTIFICATION (E52)
| Model (Chassis Code) | Engine Size (Code) |
| 2000-2002 |
| X5 (E53) | 4.4L (M62) |
| 2001-2002 |
| X5 (E53) | 3.0L (M54) |
| 2002 |
| X5 (E53) | 4.6L (M62) |
2000-2002 CHASSIS & ENGINE IDENTIFICATION (E53)
| Model (Chassis Code) | Engine Size (Code) |
| 2002 |
| 745i & 745Li (E65) | 4.4L (N62) |
2002 CHASSIS & ENGINE IDENTIFICATION (E65)
RIDING HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT
| CAUTION | On vehicles with air springs, pull fuse of air supply system so there is no regulation. |
Note. On vehicles with electronic chassis controls, all systems should be functional before attempting riding height or wheel alignment adjustment.
EXCEPT Z3
Before adjusting alignment, check riding height. Riding height must be checked with vehicle on level floor and tires properly inflated. Load front seats with 150 Lbs. (68 kg) each. On vehicles with back seats, load center of back seat with 150 Lbs. (68 kg). Load 31 Lbs. (14 kg) in center of trunk and fill fuel tank.
Measure actual ride-level height from wheel-house lower edge to rim flange at height of wheel center. Determine average value of each wheel after lifting and lowering vehicle body and then average value of axle from these values. Ride height measurement must be within .04" (10 mm) of each side. For specifications, see RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS . If ride height is not correct, see appropriate FRONT article.
Z3
For Z3 no extra loading is necessary. Open hood, insert measuring tool (31 3 010) in bore in wheel arch and measure distance "A" from bottom center flange of wheel rim (2) to Measuring Tool (1). (Scheme 1) Determine average value of each wheel after lifting and lowering vehicle body and then average value of axle from these values. Ride height measurement must be within.04" (10 mm) of each side. For specifications, see RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS. If ride height is not correct, see appropriate FRONT article.
Scheme 1
E36 (Up To 9/93)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| Standard Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 22.6 (576) |
| 16" Rim | 23.1 (589) |
| 17" Rim | 23.8 (604) |
| Sports Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 22 (561) |
| 16" Rim | 22.6 (574) |
| 17" Rim | 23.1 (589) |
| Rough Road Package |
| 15" Rim | 23.5 (596) |
| 16" Rim | 24 (609) |
| 17" Rim | 24.5 (624) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E36 (UP TO 9/93)
E36 (From 9/93 - Except Z3)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| Standard Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 20.4 (518) |
| 16" Rim | 20.9 (531) |
| 17" Rim | 21.5 (546) |
| M Roadster | 23.1 (588) |
| M3 | 23 (585) |
| M Coupe | 26.1 (664) |
| Sports Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 19.9 (507) |
| 16" Rim | 20.5 (520) |
| 17" Rim | 21 (535) |
| Rough Road Package |
| 15" Rim | 21.2 (538) |
| 16" Rim | 21.7 (551) |
| 17" Rim | 22.3 (566) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E36 (FROM 9/93 - EXCEPT Z3)
E36 (Z3)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| Z3 Coupe |
| 15" Rim | 25.28 (642) |
| 16" Rim | 25.80 (655) |
| 17" Rim | 26.38 (670) |
| Z3 Roadster |
| Standard Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 25.47 (647) |
| 16" Rim | 25.98 (660) |
| 17" Rim | 26.57 (675) |
| Sports Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 24.88 (632) |
| 16" Rim | 25.40 (645) |
| 17" Rim | 25.98 (660) |
| Z3 Sedan |
| Standard Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 22.25 (565) |
| 16" Rim | 22.75 (578) |
| 17" Rim | 23.35 (593) |
| Sports Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 21.65 (550) |
| 16" Rim | 22.17 (563) |
| 17" Rim | 22.75 (578) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E36 (Z3)
E39 (M5 & 540i)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| 540i |
| Standard Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 22.8 (579) |
| 16" Rim | 23.3 (592) |
| 17" Rim | 23.9 (607) |
| 18" Rim | 24.4 (620) |
| Low-Slung Sport Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 22.0 (559) |
| 16" Rim | 22.5 (572) |
| 17" Rim | 23.1 (587) |
| 18" Rim | 23.6 (600) |
| Rough Road Package |
| 15" Rim | 23.6 (599) |
| 16" Rim | 24.1 (612) |
| 17" Rim | 24.7 (627) |
| 18" Rim | 25.2 (640) |
| M Sports Package |
| 15" Rim | 22.1 (562) |
| 16" Rim | 22.6 (575) |
| 17" Rim | 23.2 (590) |
| 18" Rim | 23.7 (603) |
| M5 |
| 17" Rim | 22.1 (592) |
| 18" Rim | 23.8 (605) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E39 (M5 & 540i)
E39 (525i, 528i & 530i)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| Standard Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 22.8 (579) |
| 16" Rim | 23.3 (592) |
| 17" Rim | 23.9 (607) |
| 18" Rim | 24.4 (620) |
| Low-Slung Sport Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 22.0 (559) |
| 16" Rim | 22.5 (572) |
| 17" Rim | 23.1 (587) |
| 18" Rim | 23.6 (600) |
| Rough Road Package |
| 15" Rim | 23.6 (599) |
| 16" Rim | 24.1 (612) |
| 17" Rim | 24.7 (627) |
| 18" Rim | 25.2 (640) |
| M Sports Package |
| 15" Rim | 22.0 (559) |
| 16" Rim | 22.5 (572) |
| 17" Rim | 23.1 (587) |
| 18" Rim | 23.6 (600) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E39 (525i, 528i & 530i)
E46 (Except 325xi & 330xi)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| Standard Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 21.3 (542) |
| 16" Rim | 21.9 (555) |
| 17" Rim | 22.4 (570) |
| 18" Rim | 22.9 (583) |
| Low-Slung Sport Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 20.7 (526) |
| 16" Rim | 21.2 (539) |
| 17" Rim | 21.8 (554) |
| 18" Rim | 22.3 (567) |
| Rough Road Package |
| 15" Rim | 22.1 (562) |
| 16" Rim | 22.6 (575) |
| 17" Rim | 23.2 (590) |
| 18" Rim | 23.7 (603) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E46 (EXCEPT 325xi & 330xi)
E46 (325xi & 330xi)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| Standard Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 21.3 (542) |
| 16" Rim | 21.9 (555) |
| 17" Rim | 22.4 (570) |
| 18" Rim | 22.9 (583) |
| Low-Slung Sport Suspension |
| 15" Rim | 20.7 (526) |
| 16" Rim | 21.2 (539) |
| 17" Rim | 21.8 (554) |
| 18" Rim | 22.3 (567) |
| Rough Road Package |
| 15" Rim | 22.1 (562) |
| 16" Rim | 22.6 (575) |
| 17" Rim | 23.2 (590) |
| 18" Rim | 23.7 (603) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E46 (325xi & 330xi)
E52 (Z8)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| 18" Rim | 25 (633) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E52 (Z8)
E53 (X5)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| Steel Spring |
| 17" Rim | 27 (687) |
| 18" Rim | 27.5 (700) |
| 19" Rim | 28 (713) |
| 20" Rim | 28.5 (726) |
| Air Spring |
| 17" Rim | 27 (695) |
| 18" Rim | 27.9 (708) |
| 19" Rim | 28.3 (721) |
| 20" Rim | 28.9 (734) |
| 2 Axle Air Spring |
| 17" Rim | 27 (687) |
| 18" Rim | 27.5 (700) |
| 19" Rim | 28 (713) |
| 20" Rim | 28.5 (726) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E53 (X5)
E65 (745i & 745Li)
| Application | In. (mm) |
| 17" Rim | 25.2 (640) |
| 18" Rim | 25.7 (653) |
| 19" Rim | 26.2 (666) |
| 20" Rim | 26.7 (679) |
RIDE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS - E65 (745i & 745Li)
FRAME & UNDERBODY
Note. (Scheme 2) is not intended to represent the exact structure of each vehicle's frame, underbody or body outline. It is presented only to provide reference points.
The following illustration indicate areas (parts) of the underbody and frame which may be used to raise and support the vehicle, using either floor jack or hoist. These points are indicated by shaded areas on the frame. (Scheme 2)
Scheme 2
Scheme 2: FRAME & UNDERBODY
OUTERBODY
Those points designated on the outline of the body were specifically designed to facilitate the use of the vehicle's own jack. These jacking points are indicated by circular dots on the outline of the body. (Scheme 2) If using floor jack or hoist, exercise extreme care to avoid damaging outer body shell.
WHEEL ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES
| CAUTION | On vehicles with air springs, pull fuse of air supply system so there is no regulation. |
| CAUTION | On cars equipped with Electronic Damper Control, it is essential after wheel alignment to perform a "steering angle check/adjustment" with the BMW Diagnosis System. |
Note. Prior to performing wheel alignment, perform preliminary visual and mechanical inspection of wheels, tires, riding height and suspension components. See PRE-ALIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS in WHEEL ALIGNMENT THEORY & OPERATION article in GENERAL INFORMATION.
Front (E36, E39 & E52)
Note. Camber is defined by design and cannot be adjusted except by correcting components which may be damaged or faulty.
- Check if rubber mount in control arm is faulty and replace if necessary.
- Check if control arm is deformed and replace if necessary.
- Check if spring strut is deformed and replace if necessary.
- Check if guide joint is badly worn and replace control arms if necessary.
- Check if spring force is insufficient and replace coil springs if necessary.
- Check if front axle carrier is deformed and replace if necessary.
- Check if spring strut mount holder is deformed and repair front end if necessary.
- Check if there is distortion in floor assembly (engine carrier) and repair body if necessary.
Front (E46)
| CAUTION | Changes in axle geometry caused by accidents must under no circumstances be corrected by camber adjustment. |
- If necessary, drive out centering pin (1) towards bottom. unscrew M3 centering pin (1) and discard. Centering pin is no longer needed. (Scheme 3)
- Remove dirt in area of support bearing in wheel arch from below with compressed air. Remove nut (2) and slacken nuts (3) approximately 1 1/2 turns. (Scheme 3)
- Insert special tool (32 3 140) in opening of wheel arch and over nuts. (Scheme 4) Adjust camber by turning nut to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Replace nut (2). (Scheme 5) Tighten to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e46) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Remove special tool.
- Replace nuts (3). (Scheme 3) Tighten to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e46) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- A change in camber also means a change in toe. After adjusting camber, check and adjust toe-in. See «FRONT (E46)»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT.
Scheme 3
Scheme 4
Scheme 5
Front (E53)
| CAUTION | Changes in axle geometry caused by accidents must never be rectified by camber adjustment. |
- Detach reservoir for windshield washer system on right side if necessary.
- Detach cap from wheel arch. Remove centering pin (1) with Allen key. this pin is no longer needed. Remove dirt in area of support bearing in wheel arch from below with compressed air. Slacken nut (2) approximately 1 1/2 turns. (Scheme 6)
- Insert special tool (32 3 144/145) into opening of wheel arch and over nuts. Replace nuts (3) and screw on but do not tighten down fully. Adjust camber by turning nut in special tool. (Scheme 7) Adjust camber to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten down nuts (3) to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e53) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Remove special tool. Replace and tighten down nut (2) to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e53) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Perform toe-in adjustment. See «FRONT (E53)»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT.
Scheme 6
Scheme 7
Front (E65)
| CAUTION | Changes in axle geometry caused by accidents must never be rectified by camber adjustment. |
- Detach cap from wheel arch. Remove centering pin (1) with hexagon socket screw key. this pin is no longer needed. Remove dirt in area of support bearing in wheel arch from below with compressed air. Slacken nut (2) approximately 1 1/2 turns. (Scheme 8)
- Insert special tool (32 3 144/145) into opening of wheel arch and over nut. Replace nuts (3) and screw on but do not tighten down fully. Adjust camber by turning nut (4) in special tool. (Scheme 9)
- Adjust camber to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e6566) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten down nuts (3) to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e65) under «TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures).
- Remove special tool. Replace nut (2). (Scheme 8) Tighten to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e65) under «TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures).
- Adjust toe-in. See «FRONT (E65)»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT.
Scheme 8
Scheme 9
Rear (E36)
Note. A change in camber also means a change in toe. This means that camber must be adjusted first.
- Replace and tighten down hexagon collar nut. The eccentric washer must be located between the support cams. Tighten collar nut to specification. See «E36»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e36) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Slacken hexagon collar nut approximately 1/2 turn. (Scheme 10) Turn eccentric screw and adjust camber to specification. See «E36»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten hexagon collar nut again to specification. See «E36»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e36) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 10
Rear (E39)
Note. A change in camber also means a change in toe. This means that camber must be adjusted first.
- Before adjusting, replace disc collar nut (1) and ensure eccentric washer (2) is correctly located. (Scheme 11) Tighten disc collar nut to specification. See «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e39) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Loosen disc collar nut 1/2 to 1 complete turn.
- Using the eccentric screw, adjust camber precisely to specification. See «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten down disc collar nut (1). Ensure that eccentric washer (2) is correctly located. (Scheme 11) Tighten disc collar nut to specification. See «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e39) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 11
Rear (E46)
- Replace hexagon collar nut (1). Ensure eccentric washer is correctly located (2). (Scheme 12)
- Tighten hexagon collar (1) to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e46) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Release hexagon collar nut (1) approximately 1/2 turn.
- Adjust camber with eccentric screw precisely to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Locate the eccentric screw between the stops (1). (Scheme 13)
- Tighten hexagon collar nut to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e46) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 12
Scheme 13
Rear (E52)
- Replace and tighten down disk collar nut. (Scheme 14)
- Tighten disk collar nut to specification. See «E52»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e52) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Release disk collar nut again by 1/2 to 1 turn.
- Adjust camber with eccentric screw. (Scheme 15) Adjust camber to specification. See «E52»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten down disk collar nut to specification. See «E52»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e52) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Adjust toe-in. See «Rear (E52)»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT.
Scheme 14
Scheme 15
Rear (E53)
- Replace nut (1). Eccentric screw (2) must be located between stops (3). (Scheme 16)
- Tighten down new nut (1) to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e53) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Slacken nut (1) approximately 3/4 turn.
- Turn eccentric screw and adjust camber to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Position eccentric screw between the stops (3). (Scheme 16)
- Tighten down nut to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e53) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 16
Rear (E65)
- Replace nut (1) and tighten down. Ensure eccentric washer is correctly located (2). (Scheme 17) Tighten nut (1) to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e65) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Release nut (1) again by 1/2 to 1 turn.
- Adjust camber with eccentric screw. (Scheme 18) Adjust to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e6566) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten nut (1). Ensure eccentric washer is correctly located (2). (Scheme 17) Tighten to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e65) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Adjust toe-in. See «REAR (E65)»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT.
Scheme 17
Scheme 18
CASTER ADJUSTMENT
Note. Information for E53 and E65 is not available from manufacturer.
E36, E39, E46 & E52
Note. Caster is defined by design and cannot be adjusted except by correcting components which may be damaged or faulty.
- On E39 and E52, check if rubber mounts for tension/traction strut are defective and replace if necessary.
- On E39 and E52, check if tension/traction strut is misshaped and replace if necessary.
- On all vehicles, check if control arm is deformed and replace if necessary.
- On all vehicles, check if spring strut shock absorber is deformed and replace if necessary.
- On all vehicles, check if wheel house (spring strut mount) is deformed and repair front end if necessary.
- On all vehicles, check if there is distortion in floor assembly (engine carrier) and repair body if necessary.
Front (E36 & E39 - Except M5 & 540i)
- Position steering gear to straight-ahead position. Alignment marks on case and steering shaft should align. (Scheme 19)
- Loosen lock nut on tie rod. (Scheme 20) Adjust wheel toe-in to specified value by rotating steering tie rod. See «E36»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) or «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Ensure that ball joint is not twisted. Tighten tie rod clamping nut to specification. See «E36»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e36) or «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e39) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- On cars equipped with Electronic Damper Control, it is essential after wheel alignment to perform a "steering angle check/adjustment" with the BMW Diagnosis System.
Scheme 19
Scheme 20
Front (E39 - M5 & 540i)
- Move steering wheel gear into straight ahead setting Marks on housing and steering shaft must line up. (Scheme 21)
- Loosen clamping screws on tie rods. Adjust toe-in of wheel by turning the tie rod precisely to specification. (Scheme 22) For alignment specification, see «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Ensure that the ball joints are not twisted and tighten clamping screws to specification. See «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e39) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 21
Scheme 22
Note. A change in camber also means a change in toe. This means that camber must be adjusted first. See FRONT (E46) under CAMBER ADJUSTMENT.
- Move wheels and steering gear to straight ahead position. Markings on cap (1) and on housing (2) must line up. (Scheme 23)
- Slacken clamping nut (1) on steering tie rod. Adjust wheel toe-in by turning tie rod at hexagon head (2). (Scheme 24) For specification, see «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Make sure steering packing is not turned. Tighten clamping nut to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e46) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 23
Scheme 24
Front (E52)
- Move steering wheel gear into straight ahead setting. Marks on housing and steering shaft must line up. (Scheme 25)
- Slacken lock nut (1) on steering tie rod, gripping outer tie rod in so doing. Adjust wheel toe-in by turning tie rod (2). (Scheme 26) Adjust wheel toe-in to specification. See «E52»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Grip outer tie rod and tighten lock nut to specification. See «E52»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e52) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 25
Scheme 26
Note. The camber must be adjusted first. See FRONT (E53) under CAMBER ADJUSTMENT.
- Move wheels and steering gear to straight ahead position. Markings on cap (1) and on housing (2) must be aligned. (Scheme 27)
- Loosen lock nut (1) on tie rod. Adjust wheel toe-in by turning tie rod at hexagon head (2). (Scheme 26) Adjust to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Make sure steering pack is not turned. Tighten lock nut (1) to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e53) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 27
Note. The camber must be adjusted first. See FRONT (E65) under CAMBER ADJUSTMENT.
- Move steering gear and wheels to straight ahead position. Markings on cap (1) and on housing (2) must match up on steering gear. (Scheme 28)
- Loosen lock nut (1) on tie rod, gripping tie rod in so doing. Adjust wheel toe-in by turning tie rod axial joint at hexagon head (2). (Scheme 26) Adjust to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e6566) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Make sure steering sleeve is not twisted. Grip tie rod and tighten down lock nut (1) to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e65) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 28
Release bolts approximately 1 1/2 turns on bearing support. Apply special tool (32 3 080) on bolt head between stops (1). (Scheme 29) If bearing support has a pin or notch, attach special tool (32 3 030) to bolt head and pin/notch (1). (Scheme 30) Rotate special tool and adjust toe-in of left/right wheel to specification. See E36 under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 29
Scheme 30
- Unfasten screws and remove trim. (Scheme 31)
- Before adjusting, replace disk collar nut (1) and ensure eccentric washer (2) is correctly located. (Scheme 32) Tighten disk collar nut to specification. See «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e39) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Unfasten disk collar nut 1/2 to 1 complete turn.
- Adjust toe-in using the eccentric screw. (Scheme 33) Adjust precisely to specification. See «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Ensure that eccentric washer (2) is correctly located. (Scheme 32) Tighten down disk collar nut (1) to specification. See «E39»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e39) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 31
Scheme 32
Scheme 33
- Release screws approximately 1 1/2 turns at bearing pedestal. Attach special tool (32 3 030) to screw head and to notch (1). (Scheme 30)
- Turn special tool and adjust toe-in to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten screws at bearing pedestal to specification. See «E46»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e46) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Note. Any change in camber always involves a change in toe. The camber must always be adjusted first. See REAR (E52) under CAMBER ADJUSTMENT.
- Replace and tighten down disk collar nut. (Scheme 34)
- Tighten disk collar nut to specification. See «E52»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e52) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Release disk collar nut again by 1/2 to 1 turn.
- Adjust toe-in with eccentric screw. (Scheme 35) Adjust to specification. See «E52»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten down disk collar nut to specification. See «E52»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e52) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 34
Scheme 35
Note. Unscrew a stubborn nut with special tool (32 3 152).
- Release nut (1) with special tool (32 3 151/152) and remove. (Scheme 36)
- Replace nut (1). Eccentric washer (2) must be located between stops. (Scheme 32)
- Tighten down new nut (1) with special tool (32 3 151/152) to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e53) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Slacken nut (1) approximately 3/4 turn.
- Adjust toe-in by turning eccentric screw. (Scheme 33) Tighten to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Tighten down nut with special tool (32 3 151/152) to specification. See «E53»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e53) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 36
Note. A change of camber always involves a change of toe. Adjust camber first. See REAR (E65) under CAMBER ADJUSTMENT.
- Replace nut (1). Ensure eccentric washer (2) is correctly located. (Scheme 37) Tighten nut (1) to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e65) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
- Release nut (1) again by 1/2 to 1 turn.
- Adjust toe with eccentric screw (3) precisely to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e6566) under WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS.
- Ensure eccentric washer is correctly located (2). (Scheme 37) Tighten nut (1) to specification. See «E65»(/bmw/x5/e53-1999-2003/remont/wheel-alignment/#specifications-procedures__e65) under TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS.
Scheme 37
E36
| Application | Ft. Lbs. (N.m) |
| Tie Rod Clamping Nut | 33 (45) |
| Trailing Arm Console To Body | 57 (77) |
| Upper/Lower Control Arms To Trailing Arm | 81 (110) |
| Wheel Lug Nuts | 81-96 (110-130) |
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (E36)
E39
| Application | Ft. Lbs. (N.m) |
| Control Arm To Rear Axle Support | 44 (60) |
| Swinging Arm To Rear Axle Support Camber Adjustment Except Touring/M5 | 85 (115) |
| Swinging Arm To Rear Axle Support Camber Adjustment Touring/M5 | 128 (174) |
| Tie Rod Clamping Screw | 20 (27) |
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (E39)
E46
| Application | Ft. Lbs. (N.m) |
| Spring Strut Mount To Wheel House |
| 18 mm | 18 (24) |
| 21 mm | 25 (34) |
| Tie Rod Clamping Nut | 33 (45) |
| Trailing Arm Console To Body | 57 (77) |
| Upper/Lower Control Arms To Trailing Arms | 81 (110) |
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (E46)
E52
| Application | Ft. Lbs. (N.m) |
| Disk Collar Nut Front | 174 (236) |
| Disk Collar Nut Rear | 44 (60) |
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (E52)
E53
| Application | Ft. Lbs. (N.m) |
| Control Arm To Rear Axle Support Toe-In Adjustment | 44 (59) |
| Spring Strut Mount To Wheel House |
| 18 mm | 18 (24) |
| 21 mm | 25 (34) |
| Swinging Arm To Rear Axle Support Camber Adjustment | 122 (165) |
| Tie Rod Clamping Nut | 38 (51) |
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (E53)
E65
| Application | Ft. Lbs. (N.m) |
| Control Arm To Rear Axle Support Toe-In Adjustment | 48 (65) |
| Spring Strut Mount To Wheel House | 25 (34) |
| Swinging Arm To Rear Axle Support Camber Adjustment | 122 (165) |
| Tie Rod Clamping Nut | 38 (51) |
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS (E65)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .4° | .3 To .5° |
| Camber |
| Front (Up To 95) (1) | .67° | 1.17 To -.17° |
| Front (From 95) (1) | .5° | 1 To 0° |
| Rear (2) | 1.67° | 1.92 To -1.42° |
| Toe Difference Angle With 20° Inside Wheel Lock (1) | 1.57° | 2.07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.73° | 3.23 To 4.23° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.87° | 3.37 To 4.37° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .05 To .05° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 44° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 36° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 34.1 Ft. (10.4 M) | N/A |
| Low Slung Sports Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .4° | .3 To .5° |
| Camber |
| Front (Up To 95) (1) | .97° | 1.47 To -.47° |
| Front (From 95) (1) | .85° | 1.18 To .35° |
| Rear (2) | 2° | 2.25 To -1.75° |
| Toe Difference Angle With 20° Inside Wheel Lock (1) | 1.34° | 2.07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.83° | 3.33 To 4.33° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.95° | 3.45 To 4.45° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .05 To .05° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 44° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 36° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 34.1 Ft. (10.4 M) | N/A |
| Rough Road Package |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .4° | .3 To .5° |
| Camber |
| Front (Up To 95) (1) | .12° | .38 To .62° |
| Front (From 95) (1) | .05° | .45 To .55° |
| Rear (2) | 1° | 1.25 To -.75° |
| Toe Difference Angle With 20° Inside Wheel Lock (1) | 1.57° | 2.07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.43° | 2.93 To 3.93° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.55° | 3.05 To 4.05° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .05 To .05° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 44° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 36° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 34.1 Ft.(10.4 M) | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° (2) Difference between left and right is a maximum .25° |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° |
| (2) | Difference between left and right is a maximum .25° |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (318i, 318is, 323i, 323is, 325i, 325is, 328i & 328is)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Except 3.2L |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .17° | .08 To .25° |
| Rear | .5° | .42 To .58° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .92° | 1.42 To -.42° |
| Rear (2) | 1.75° | 2.33 To -1.33° |
| Toe Difference Angle With 20° Inside Wheel Lock (1) | 1.83° | 2.07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.63° | 6.13 To 7.13 |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 6.87° | 6.37 To 7.37° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .05 To .05° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 38° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 32° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 38 Ft. (11.6 M) | N/A |
| Sports Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .33° | .25 To .42° |
| Rear | .5° | .42 To .58° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | 2° | 2.5 To -1.5° |
| Rear (2) | 2.68° | 2.85 To -2.52° |
| Toe Difference Angle With 20° Inside Wheel Lock (1) | .97° | 1.47 To -.47° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.97° | 7.47 To 6.47 |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 7.2° | 6.7 To 7.7° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .05 To .05° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 38° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 32° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 38 Ft. (11.6 M) | N/A |
| 3.2 Liter |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .33° | .25 To .42° |
| Rear | .33° | .25 To .42° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .77° | 1.27 To -.27° |
| Rear (2) | 1.75° | 2.33 To -1.33° |
| Toe Difference Angle With 20° Inside Wheel Lock (1) | 1.4° | 1.9 To -.9° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 7.58° | 7.08 To 8.08 |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 7.84° | 7.33 To 8.33° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .05 To .05° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 38° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 32° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 38 Ft. (11.6 M) | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° (2) Difference between left and right is a maximum .25° |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° |
| (2) | Difference between left and right is a maximum .25° |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (M3)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .5° | .28 To .72° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .5° | 1 To -0° |
| Rear (1) | 2° | 1.92 To -1.42° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.55° | 2.05 To -1.05° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.73° | 3.23 To 4.23° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.87° | 3.37 To 4.37° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 44° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 36° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 34.1 Ft. (10.4 M) | N/A |
| Low-Slung Sports Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .6° | .38 To .82° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | .85° | 1.35 To -.35° |
| Rear | 2.5° | 3 To -2° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.55° | 2.05 To -1.05° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.83° | 3.33 To 4.33° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.95° | 3.45 To 4.45° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 44° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 36° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 34.1 Ft. (10.4 M) | N/A |
| Rough Road Package |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .4° | .18 To .61° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | .12° | .38 To .62° |
| Rear | 1.37° | 1.87 To -.8° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.55° | 2.05 To -1.05° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.43° | 2.73 To 3.93° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.95° | 3.55 To 4.05° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 44° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 36° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | 34.1 Ft. (10.4 M) | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (318ti)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .33° | .25 To .42° |
| Rear | .5° | .28 To .72° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | .77° | 1.27 To -.27° |
| Rear | 1.75° | 2.25 To -1.25° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.4° | 1.9 To -.9° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 7.58° | 7.08 To 8.08° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 7.83° | 7.33 To 8.33° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .17 To .17° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| (1) Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (M ROADSTER & M COUPE)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Except Coupe |
| 4 Cylinder |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .57° | .35 To .78° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | .73° | 1.23 To -.23° |
| Rear | 2.33° | 3.02 To -2.02° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2.83 To -1.83° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.68° | 3.18 To 4.18° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.8° | 3.3 To 4.3° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 34° | N/A |
| Low Slung Sport Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .73° | .52 To .97° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | 1.07° | 1.57 To -.57° |
| Rear | 2.83° | 3.33 To -2.33° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2.83 To -1.83° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.8° | 3.3 To 4.3° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.93° | 3.43 To 4.43° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 40° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33° | N/A |
| 6 Cylinder |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .33° | .12 To .55° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | .73° | 1.23 To -.23° |
| Rear | 2.33° | 2.83 To -1.83° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2.83 To -1.83° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.68° | 3.18 To 4.18° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.8° | 3.3 To 4.3° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 34° | N/A |
| Low Slung Sports Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .5° | .28 To .72° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | 1.07° | 1.57 To -.57° |
| Rear | 2.83° | 3.33 To -2.33° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2.83 To -1.83° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.8° | 3.3 To 4.3° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.93° | 3.43 To 4.43° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 34° | N/A |
| Coupe |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .63° | .42 To .85° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | .85° | 1.35 To -.35° |
| Rear | 2.52° | 3.02 To -2.02° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2.07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With 0 To 20° Wheel Lock | 3.83° | 3.33 To 4.33° |
| With 0 To 40° Wheel Lock | 3.95° | 3.45 To 4.45° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 34° | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is a maximum .5° |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (Z3)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Sedan |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .08° | .08 To .25° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .1 To .43° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .22° | .77 To .28° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.5 To -1.83° |
| Rear Adjustment | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.93° | 2.43 To -1.43° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.47° | 5.97 To 6.97° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.7 | 6.2 To 7.2° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 42° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33.5° | N/A |
| Low Slung Sports Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .08° | .08 To .25° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .07 To .47° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .6° | 1.1 To -.1° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.58 To -1.75° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.93° | 2.43 To -1.43° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.68° | 6.18 To 7.18° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.92 | 6.42 To 7.42° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41.5° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33° | N/A |
| Rough Road Package |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .08° | .08 To .25° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .07 To .47° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .22° | .28 To .72° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.58 To -1.75° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.93° | 2.43 To -1.43° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.25° | 5.75 To 6.75° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.47° | 5.97 To 6.97° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 43° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 34° | N/A |
| Air Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .08° | .08 To .25° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .07 To .47° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .22° | .28 To .72° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.58 To -1.75° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.93° | 2.43 To -1.43° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.47° | 5.97 To 6.97° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.7° | 6.2 To 7.2° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 42° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33.5° | N/A |
| M Sports Package |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .08° | .08 To .25° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .07 To .47° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .6° | 1.1 To -.1° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.58 To -1.75° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.93° | 2.43 To -1.43° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.68° | 6.18 To 7.18° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.92° | 6.42 To 7.42° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41.5° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33° | N/A |
| Touring Models |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .08° | .08 To .25° |
| Rear | .27° | .1 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .22° | .72 To .28° |
| Rear (2) | 1.83° | 2.17 To -.17° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.93° | 2.43 To -1.43° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.47° | 5.97 To 6.97° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.7° | 6.2 To 7.2° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 42° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33.5° | N/A |
| Low Slung Sports Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .08° | .08 To .25° |
| Rear | .27° | .1 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .6° | 1.6 To -.1° |
| Rear (2) | 1.83° | 2.17 To -.17° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.93° | 2.43 To -1.43° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.68° | 6.18 To 7.18° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.92° | 6.42 To 7.42° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41.5° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33° | N/A |
| Rough Road Package |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .08° | .07 To .47° |
| Rear | .27° | .1 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .22° | .28 To -.72° |
| Rear (2) | 1.83° | 2.25 To -1.42° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.93° | 2.43 To -1.43° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.25° | 5.75 To 6.75° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.47° | 5.97 To 6.97 |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 43° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 34° | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is maximum .67°. (2) Difference between left and right is maximum .25°. (3) Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is maximum .67°. |
| (2) | Difference between left and right is maximum .25°. |
| (3) | Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (6-CYLINDER MODELS)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Except M5 |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .07 To .4° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .1 To .43° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .22° | .72 To .28° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.5 To -1.83° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.58° | 2.08 To -1.08° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.3° | 5.2 To 6.8 |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.6° | 6.1 To 7.1° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 42° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 32.6° | N/A |
| Low Slung Sports Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .07 To .4° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .07 To .47° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .62° | 1.12 To -.12° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.58 To -1.75° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.73° | 2.23 To -1.23° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.57° | 6.07 To 7.07 |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.83° | 6.33 To 7.33° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 42° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 31.8° | N/A |
| Rough Road Package |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .07 To .4° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .06 To .47° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .22° | .72 To .28° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.58 To -1.75° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.43° | 1.93 To -.93° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.08° | 5.58 To 6.58 |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.35° | 5.85 To 6.85° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 42° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33.5° | N/A |
| Air Spring |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .07 To .4° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .27° | .1 To .6° |
| Rear Adjustment | .37° | .3 To .43° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .22° | .72 To .28° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 2.17° | 2.58 To -1.75° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 2.07° | 2.15 To -1.98° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.58° | 2.08 To -1.08° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.3° | 5.8 To 6.8 |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.6° | 6.1 To 7.1° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 42° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 32.6° | N/A |
| M Sports Package |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .17° | 0 To .33° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .17° | 0 To .33° |
| Rear Adjustment | .17° | .03 To .3° |
| Camber |
| Front (3) | .5° | 1 To 0° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 1.83° | 2.08 To -1.58° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 1.82° | 1.9 To -1.73° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.72° | 2.22 To -1.22° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.45° | 5.95 To 6.95° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.82° | 6.32 To 7.32° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .17 To .17° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41.5° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 32° | N/A |
| M5 |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .17° | 0 To .33° |
| Rear Alignment Check | .17° | 0 To .33° |
| Rear Adjustment | .17° | .03 To .3° |
| Camber |
| Front (3) | .5° | 1 To 0° |
| Rear Alignment Check (2) | 1.83° | 2.08 To -1.58° |
| Rear Adjustment (2) | 1.82° | 1.9 To -1.73° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.72° | 2.22 To -1.22° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.45° | 5.95 To 6.95° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.82° | 6.32 To 7.32° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .17 To .17° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 41.5° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 32° | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is maximum .67°. (2) Difference between left and right is maximum .25°. (3) Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is maximum .67°. |
| (2) | Difference between left and right is maximum .25°. |
| (3) | Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (8-CYLINDER MODELS)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Standard Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .1 To .37° |
| Rear | .27° | .17 To .37° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .33° | .67 To 0° |
| Rear (2) | 1.5° | 1.75 To -1.25° |
| Track Differential Angle with 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2..07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 5.43° | 4.93 To 5.93° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 5.62° | 5.12 To 6.12° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .1 To .1° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 43.6° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 35.6° | N/A |
| Low Slung Sports Suspension |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .1 To .37° |
| Rear | .27° | .17 To .37° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .72° | 1.05 To .38° |
| Rear (2) | 2.07° | 2.32 To -1.82° |
| Track Differential Angle with 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2..07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 5.6° | 5.1 To 6.1° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 5.78° | 5.28 To 6.28° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .1 To .1° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 43.6° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 35.6° | N/A |
| Rough Road Package |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .1 To .37° |
| Rear | .27° | .17 To .37° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .13° | .2 To .47° |
| Rear (2) | .77° | 1.02 To -.52° |
| Track Differential Angle with 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2..07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 5.28° | 4.78 To 5.78° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 5.45° | 4.95 To 5.95° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .1 To .1° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 43.6° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 35.6° | N/A |
| Compact |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .1 To .37° |
| Rear | .27° | .17 To .37° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .72° | 1.05 To -.38° |
| Rear (2) | 1.5° | 1.75 To -1.25° |
| Track Differential Angle with 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.57° | 2..07 To -1.07° |
| Caster (1) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 5.6° | 5.1 To 6.1° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 5.78° | 5.28 To 6.28° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .1 To .1° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 43.6° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 35.6° | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. (2) Difference between left and right is maximum .25°. |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
| (2) | Difference between left and right is maximum .25°. |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (EXCEPT M3, 325xi & 330xi)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| 325xi & 330xi |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .23° | .1 To .37° |
| Rear | .27° | .17 To .37° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .83° | 1.17 To -.5° |
| Rear (2) | 1.25° | 1.5 To -1° |
| Track Differential Angle with 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | .88° | 1.55 To -.38° |
| Caster (1) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 5.45° | 4.95 To 5.95° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 5.62° | 5.12 To 6.12° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .1 To .1° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 39° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 35.8° | N/A |
| M3 |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .27° | .15 To .38° |
| Rear | .37° | .27 To .47° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | 1° | 1.33 To -.67° |
| Rear (2) | 1.75° | 2 To -1.5° |
| Track Differential Angle with 20° Lock On Inside Wheel | 1.53° | 2.03 To -1.03° |
| Caster (1) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 7.42° | 6.92 To 7.92° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 7.67° | 7.17 To 8.17° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .17 To .17° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .07 To .07° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 40.9° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33.81° | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. (2) Difference between left and right is maximum .25°. |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
| (2) | Difference between left and right is maximum .25°. |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (M3, 325xi & 330xi)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .13° | .03 To .23° |
| Rear | .4° | .23 To .57° |
| Camber |
| Front (1) | .5° | 1 To 0° |
| Rear (2) |
| Alignment Check | 1.5° | 1.83 To -1.17° |
| Adjustment | 1.45° | 1.53 To -1.37° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel (3) | 1.92° | 2.42 To -1.42° |
| Caster (3) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.42° | 5.92 To 6.92° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 6.73° | 6.23 To 7.23° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 34.3° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 38.6° | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is maximum .67° (2) Difference between left and right is maximum .25° (3) Difference between left and right is maximum .5° |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is maximum .67° |
| (2) | Difference between left and right is maximum .25° |
| (3) | Difference between left and right is maximum .5° |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (Z8)
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .3° | .17 To .43° |
| Rear | .3° | .13 To .47° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | .2° | .62 To .22° |
| Rear | 1.83° | 2.17 To -1.17° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel (1) | 1.58° | 2.08 To -1.08° |
| Caster (1) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 6.83° | 6.33 To 7.33° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 7.1° | 6.6 To 7.6° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 37.1° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 31.1° | N/A |
| Turning Circle | About 39.7 Ft. (12.1 M) | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (X5)
E65/66
| Application | Preferred | Range |
| Total Toe |
| Front | .17° | .03 To .3° |
| Rear | .3° | .13 To .47° |
| Camber (1) |
| Front | .1° | .52 To .32° |
| Rear | 1.5° | 1.83 To -1.17° |
| Track Differential Angle With 20° Lock On Inside Wheel (1) | 1.45° | 1.95 To -.95° |
| Caster (1) |
| With -10 To 10° Wheel Lock | 7.65° | 7.15 To 8.15° |
| With -20 To 20° Wheel Lock | 7.93° | 7.43 To 8.43° |
| Front Wheel Displacement | 0° | .25 To .25° |
| Rear Geometrical Axis Deviation | 0° | .2 To .2° |
| Maximum Wheel Lock |
| Inside Wheel | About 40.7° | N/A |
| Outside Wheel | About 33.5° | N/A |
| Turning Circle |
| 745i | About 39.9 Ft. (12.13 M) | N/A |
| 745Li | About 41.3 Ft. (12.6 M) | N/A |
| (1) Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
| (1) | Difference between left and right is maximum .5°. |
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS (745i & 745Li)
Scheme 38
Scheme 39
Scheme 40
Scheme 41
Scheme 42