Collision/cruise Control - Service Techniques: Other BMW 6 series E63/E64 facelift

System Functions

Comfort Access is used to implement the following functions

1. Passive Entry via driver's door or front passenger door
2. Passive Entry via boot lid
3. Passive Go
4. Passive Exit
5. Disabling an ID transmitter located inside the vehicle
6. Disabling an opposing command
7. Tamper-proof lock

Passive Entry Via Doors

The vehicle is unlocked when the outside door handle is gripped or pulled. Condition: The ID transmitter must be located no further than 1.5 m from the aerial in the outside door handle.

Ideally, the user should carry the ID transmitter in a pocket.

First, the user is authenticated (= authenticity check).

The data transferred during the authenticity check is of course encrypted.

If the ID transmitter authenticity check is successful, the user will be granted access to the vehicle. The central locking is unlocked. The door can be opened.

The same principle is applied for the authenticity check for Passive Entry and Passive Go.

Authenticity Check Using The Example of Passive Entry

1. Trigger signal at outside door handle electronics via capacitive sensor 1.
2. Request sent to outside door handle electronics to locate an ID transmitter via the aerials in the outside door handle. All ID transmitters associated with the vehicle and located outside of it are included in the search (low - frequency radio signal at 125 kHz). The search determines whether an ID transmitter associated with the vehicle is located in the operating range of the aerials in the outside door handle.
3. At the same time, the outside door handle electronics send a message to the CAS control unit via the sub bus (K-bus).
4. All ID transmitters located register with the CAS control unit by sending a radio signal via the FBD receiver (high-frequency radio signal, country-specific, e.g. 868 MHz).
5. The CAS control unit decides which of the registered ID transmitters will be used for the subsequent authenticity check.
6. This selection is sent to the outside door handle electronics in a message via the K-bus. At the same time, a request is sent to the outside door handle electronics to carry out a selective scan of the ID transmitter concerned.
7. All ID transmitters not picked up in this scan end reception readiness for the communication operation currently in progress.
8. The ID transmitter picked up via the selective scan responds by sending a radio signal to the CAS control unit via the FBD receiver (high -frequency radio signal at 868 MHz).
9. The CAS control unit evaluates the response signal and, if confirmation is valid, authorizes Passive Entry. The vehicle is unlocked. In order that the vehicle can be opened quickly, the door lock is mechanically pretensioned with a spring. The spring ensures that the door unlocks whenever the user pulls the outside door handle to its full extent.
10. The tension sensor is set up with redundancy to the capacitive sensor (e.g. capacitive sensor 1 deactivated due to long-term lack of use). When the tension sensor detects the "Outside door handle pulled" signal, the door is unlocked. The door can be opened by pulling on the outside door handle again.

Passive Entry Via The Tailgate or Front Rear Window

Comfort Access can be used to open the tailgate without actively using the ID transmitter. Condition: The ID transmitter must be located no further than 1.5 m from the aerial. Ideally, the user should carry the ID transmitter in a pocket.

To open the tailgate, it is necessary to press and hold the boot lid button for approximately 500 ms (top half of BMW logo on the E87, grip on all other vehicles). If an ID transmitter is located in the vicinity of the luggage compartment, the tailgate will open.

If an ID transmitter is located inside the luggage compartment when the boot lid is closed (and there are no authorized ID sensors outside the vehicle), the boot lid will open up again.

The user's attention is drawn to the anti-theft alarm as follows

1. Visual signal via turn signal lights
2. Acoustic signal via siren, US version only

1. E61, 91: rear window

To open the rear window, the rear window button must be pressed for approx. 500 ms (under the rear window wiper arm).

If an ID transmitter is located in the vicinity of the rear of the vehicle, the rear window will open.

If an ID transmitter is located inside the luggage compartment when the rear window is closed (and there are no authorized ID sensors outside the vehicle), the rear window will open again.

The user's attention is drawn to this as follows: Visual signal via indicators and acoustic signal via sirens (on anti-theft alarm system).

Passive Go

In order to switch the terminal and/or start up the engine, the ID transmitter must simply be located inside the vehicle (not necessarily in the insert compartment).

On the following models, the luggage compartment counts as part of the interior: E61, E70, E87, E91.

On all other models, it is not possible to start the engine if an ID transmitter is detected in the luggage compartment.

In principle, the authenticity check required is the same as that for Passive Entry (except that it is run via the interior aerials).

If there are no ID transmitters inside the vehicle when the START-STOP button is pressed: Check-Control message on instrument cluster.

Press the START/STOP button to switch the terminals. The terminal switching sequence is as follows: 0 -> terminal R -> terminal 15 -> terminal R -> 0.

The START/STOP button must be pressed for approximately 500 ms in order to start up the engine. The clutch pedal or brake pedal (manual transmission or automatic transmission respectively) must be depressed at the same time.

The engine may be started up in any terminal position.

Once the engine has been switched off, it may be restarted within 5 seconds even if no ID transmitter is detected inside the vehicle (i.e. no valid drive authorization). This safety measure is required for possible emergencies.

Passive Exit

The sensitive area on the outside door handle must be touched (depends on model concerned) for the vehicle to be locked and then secured. Your hand must touch the middle of the sensitive area for at least 1 second. If the locking area is touched for approx. 3 seconds, auto-remote closing will start. The side windows and sliding/tilting sunroof or Panorama glass sunroof on the E61/E91 then close. On the E64, the convertible top closes. If applicable, the exterior mirrors are folded in.

Auto-remote opening via the outside door handle is not possible.

Terminal R is deactivated when the outside door handle is locked.

Terminal 15 is not deactivated when the vehicle is locked. A Check-Control message appears as a warning when the driver's door is opened with terminal 15 ON.

Special feature: Comfort Access allows the vehicle to be locked while the engine is running.

1. > E93

Note. No convenience closing of the hardtop via the exterior door handle electronics. It is not possible to close the hardtop via the exterior door handle electronics. Convenience closing is performed at the lock cylinder.

Disabling an ID Transmitter Located Inside The Vehicle

When the vehicle is closed via the outside door handle, any ID transmitter inside the vehicle will be detected.

This ID transmitter is disabled for all Comfort Access functions. However, it is still possible to access the luggage compartment. The ID transmitter is reactivated when the vehicle is unlocked again.

Disabling An Opposing Command

When the vehicle is unlocked via the outside door handle, it cannot be locked again for approx. 2 seconds.

Similarly, when the vehicle is locked via the outside door handle, it cannot be unlocked again for approximately 2 seconds.

This allows the user to pull on the outside door handle to check that the vehicle is actually locked.

Tamper-Proof Lock

The vehicle may only be locked and unlocked consecutively a maximum of 8 times. After this, the tamper-proof lock is activated.

Operation is disabled for 10 seconds. The tamper-proof lock is deactivated completely after 5 minutes. Once again, the vehicle may then only be locked and unlocked consecutively a maximum of 8 times.

National versions

The following details are available with regard to national versions

1. > E93

Convenience functions performed using the remote control or ID transmitter depend on the national version concerned.

Conditions for operating Comfort Access (option 322) with the remote control or ID transmitter

CONDITIONS FOR OPERATING COMFORT ACCESS (OPTION 322) WITH REMOTE CONTROL OR ID TRANSMITTER

Subject to change.

Scheme 27

BMW Night Vision is not able to replace the personal appraisal of visual conditions or the traffic situation.

Objects outside the camera's field of vision cannot be detected. Objects already indicated may no longer be in the camera's field of vision. Decisions must always be made on the basis of personal appraisal - anything else constitutes a safety risk.

BMW Night Vision shows a frozen image for a short time at given intervals. The frozen image is marked with a small square on the left-hand edge of the screen. During this time, it is not possible to display the current image. For this reason, decisions must always be made on the basis of the personal view to the front - anything else constitutes a safety risk.

The following BMW Night Vision system functions are described

1. Power supply and earth
2. Heating for protective glass on the night-vision camera
3. Cleaning the protective glass on the night-vision camera
4. Zoom function
5. Panning image section
6. Function limitations

Power Supply and Earth

1. > E60, E61, E63, E64 The rear power distributor supplies the night-vision electronics with terminal 30g.
2. > E65, E66 The front power distributor supplies the night-vision electronics with terminal 30.

The night-vision camera, including the heating, receives its power from the night -vision electronics.

The night-vision electronics and the night-vision camera share a common earth point. This reduces the system's susceptibility to malfunctions.

Heating For Protective Glass On The Night-Vision Camera

To prevent the protective glass from misting or freezing over, a heating element is installed in the housing of the night-vision camera. The heating is switched on under the following conditions

1. Ambient temperature between 5°C and -15°C

Cleaning the Protective Glass On The Night-Vision Camera

The night-vision camera is equipped with a cleaning system.

The washer jet is bolted to the night-vision camera with a bracket. The washer jet is connected to the headlamp cleaning system. The cleaning of the protective glass is actuated together with the headlamp cleaning system.

Zoom Function

The zoom function can be selected as needed. To do this, select "Zoom" in the BMW Night Vision menu.

The zoom is calculated by the night -vision camera. The zoom function can only be selected when the "Full image" display is not selected.

When zoom is active, the display is automatically enlarged 1.5-fold at speeds of 70 km/h upwards. Here, the viewing angle of the night-vision camera is reduced from 36° to 24°.

Zoom is automatically deactivated when the vehicle's speed drops below 60 km/h. The viewing angle of the night-vision camera is restored to 36°.

(zoom IN over 70 km/h and zoom OUT under 60 km/h: currently only encoded for Europe version)

Panning image section

The image section can be panned when "Cornering mode" is selected in the BMW Night Vision menu. "Cornering mode" is only executed when zoom is activated.

The image section then follows the vehicle's path through a bend (signals: steering angle, yaw rate).

The night-vision camera calculates the panning angle needed for the image section.

"Cornering mode" can only be selected when the "Full screen" display is not selected.

Function Limitations

On vehicles with rear entertainment system (rear display)

It is not possible to run the following simultaneously

1. BMW Night Vision in the front
2. and navigation or BMW Assist in the rear

If navigation or BMW Assist is selected on the rear display: BMW Night Vision is switched off on the Control Display in the front.

When BMW Night Vision is switched back on again, an appropriate message appears on the rear display.

Note. Note system limitations. In certain situations, e.g. precipitation, steep crowns or hollows in road, the system works with limitations. Please note the instructions in the Owner's Handbook.

Preconditions For Activation

BMW Night Vision is operational from terminal R.

Press the BMW Night Vision button.

BMW Night Vision will switch on in the following conditions

1. The rain-light sensor detects sufficient ambient light. Driving lights are off: BMW Night Vision is operational 2 seconds after the button is pressed. At the earliest 30 seconds after the vehicle is activated (navigation system booted). During these 2 seconds, a warning appears on the Control Display or Central Information Display.
2. The rain-light sensor detects insufficient ambient light. Driving lights are on: BMW Night Vision is operational immediately after the button is pressed.
3. The rain-light sensor detects insufficient ambient light. Driving lights are off. Road speed is less than 5 km/h (e.g. in dark driveways or garage entrances): BMW Night Vision is operational immediately after the button is pressed.

BMW Night Vision is not switched on in the following conditions

1. The rain-light sensor detects insufficient ambient light. Driving lights are off. Road speed greater than 5 km/h at the same time. A corresponding warning appears on the Control Display or Central Information Display.

Scheme 28

The system functions of the Active Cruise Control option are described below

1. Monitor object ahead
2. Cruise control
3. Lens heating
4. Low-voltage cutout and high-voltage protection for ACC sensor
5. Self-diagnosis and compensation for minor horizontal adjustments
6. Influence on the dynamics in connection with a navigation system
7. System limits

Monitor Object Ahead

Objects are all vehicles in the same lane. The vehicles on other lanes are of no interest for the Active Cruise Control option.

In the same lane, the vehicle immediately ahead is selected as the object.

With the calculated expected same lane, the lateral deviation of each monitored object to the same lane can be determined.

The radar waves received cannot distinguish between animals, vehicles and traffic signs. In order to prevent incorrect reactions, stationary objects and traffic in the other direction are ignored in the distance control.

The Active Cruise Control option differentiates between 2 driving conditions

1. Cruise control with specified set speed A selected set speed (in the range 30 km/h - 180 km/h) is automatically maintained on open roads without vehicles driving ahead.
2. Cruise control with speed adapted to that of vehicle driving ahead If a slower vehicle is detected on the vehicle's own track, the vehicle's own speed will be adapted to that of the vehicle driving ahead At the same time, a distance from this vehicle preset by the driver is established (4 fixed, timed separations can be selected). The timed separation from a vehicle driving ahead is no less than 1 second under stationary conditions. In certain conditions (e.g. when a vehicle cuts in a short distance ahead), this timed separation may briefly be less than 1 second.

Lens Heating

The lens of the ACC sensor is made of plastic. The built-in lens heating ensures better availability of the Active Cruise Control option in winter weather conditions.

The lens heating is activated by the ACC sensor. The heating is controlled via a pulse-width modulated signal (PWM signal). The heating coil is integrated into the lens of the ACC sensor

The lens heating is only activated within a certain ambient temperature range (approx. +5°C to -5°C). Reason: Only at temperatures around zero is snow wet or moist. At temperatures well below this, snow will be dry. To prevent snow from thawing on the lens and creating an artificial coating, the heating is switched off below a certain ambient temperature. The current ambient temperature value is transmitted by the instrument cluster.

1. Conditions for activation Engine ON ACC ON Ambient temperature between -5 °C and +5°C
2. Safety cutout Temperature in ACC sensor over 50°C (measured by interior temperature sensor in ACC sensor control unit) Voltage greater than 16 volts The safety cutout shuts down the lens heating. The Active Cruise Control option remains activated. (No fault memory entry)
3. Monitoring The lens heating is monitored for open and short circuits in the heating coil. If the monitoring reports a fault, the Active Cruise Control option will be shut down. (Fault memory entry)

Low-Voltage Cutout and High-Voltage Protection For ACC Sensor

The ACC sensor works with a supply voltage of 9 to 16 volts.

1. Low-voltage cutout If the on-board supply voltage drops below about 9 volts, the ACC sensor will perform a low-voltage cutout and a fault memory entry will be stored. The ACC sensor will be reactivated when the on-board supply voltage exceeds 9.8 volts again.
2. Overvoltage protection If the on-board supply voltage exceeds about 17.5 volts, the ACC sensor will perform a cutout with a fault memory entry. The ACC sensor will be reactivated when the on-board supply voltage drops below 17.0 volts again.

Self-Diagnosis and Compensation For Minor Horizontal Adjustments

External forces may change the alignment of the ACC sensor. A horizontal change leads to function limitations. (Function limitations encountered are, e.g.: reaction to vehicles in the next lane or late reaction to vehicles in the same lane).

Self-diagnosis allows the ACC sensor to compensate for minor horizontal adjustments of up to 1°.

If a horizontal adjustment of more than 1° is detected, the Active Cruise Control option will be deactivated and a fault will be stored in the fault memory. A check control message will be issued.

Influence on the Dynamics In Conjunction With a Navigation System

If the Active Cruise Control is coupled with a navigation system, this may have an influence on the dynamics. (Only possible in combination of CCC with the Professional navigation system option 609.)

Navigation systems provide additional information, such as the course of the road and the road category.

The road category is split up as follows

1. Motorways and well finished fast roads (faster acceleration)
2. Main roads and highways (average acceleration)
3. Urban driving (reduced acceleration)

On motorways and well finished fast roads, Active Cruise Control is expected to be highly dynamic. In other words, faster acceleration if the driving mode changes from following a car ahead to clear road ahead. The set speed is adjusted quickly.

On main roads and highways, Active Cruise Control is expected to be averagely dynamic. In other words, comfortable acceleration if the driving mode changes from following a car ahead to clear road ahead. The set speed is adjusted with an average acceleration behavior.

During urban driving, a reserved dynamic is expected of the Active Cruise Control. In other words, reduced acceleration behavior if the driving mode changes from following a car ahead to clear road ahead. The set speed is adjusted moderately.

The often difficult traffic situations during urban driving make reduced acceleration behavior necessary.

In addition, the number of bends on the road ahead is analyzed and the dynamic of the Active Cruise Control adjusted accordingly.

System Limits

If the limit of the functional range is reached, the driver is prompted to act (brake or swerve).

During operation, the following system functions requiring explanation (for the driver) can occur due to the limits of the functional range

1. Limited range and deceleration: The range of the ACC sensor is limited (approximately 120 meters). Rain, snow and fog absorb radar waves. This will significantly reduce the range of the ACC sensor. The Active Cruise Control option is only able to effect limited deceleration via the DSC (dynamic stability control) (a maximum of 2.5 m/s 2; E65, E66: a maximum of 2.0 m/s 2). This means that cruise control is only able to compensate for a limited relative speed. Operation of the Active Cruise Control is only possible in flowing traffic in a road speed range from 30 km/h to 180 km/h.
2. Lateral monitoring range The lateral monitoring range of the ACC sensor is limited, meaning that a monitored vehicle ahead could be lost due to a tight bend. In such cases, cruise control will not accelerate to the set speed for approximately 2 seconds. This will prevent the vehicle from accelerating too close to the vehicle ahead, which is possibly only briefly not being monitored. When driving straight ahead, this can cause a delayed reaction to another vehicle cutting in close in front. The vehicle cutting in will not be monitored by the cruise control until it is clearly in the same lane as the vehicle with the Active Cruise Control option.
3. Display for monitored vehicle does not light up, the vehicle remains below the set speed and does not accelerate further. Causes: On sharp bends, the vehicle's speed will be controlled in such a way that lateral acceleration does not exceed a maximum of 4.0 m/s2 to maintain driving comfort.
4. Timed separation less than 1 second The timed separation from a vehicle driving ahead is no less than 1 second in the adjusted status. In certain conditions (e.g. when a vehicle cuts in a short distance ahead), this timed separation may briefly be less than 1 second. If the deceleration induced by the cruise control is not sufficient, the driver will have to intervene directly.
5. ACC sensor blind If the ACC sensor is blinded, the Active Cruise Control option shuts down. (Blinding, e.g. due to extremely heavy snowfall, through a layer of ice on the sensor or through dirt) Cruise control can be reactivated after the ACC sensor has been cleaned.
6. Bends cannot be detected in an anticipatory manner The cruise control is unable to work in an anticipatory manner when the vehicle is cornering. It is only able to react to existing lateral acceleration when it is already on the bend. For this reason, the driver is responsible for ensuring that an appropriate speed is being driven as the vehicle enters the bend.
7. Active Cruise Control deactivated after DSC intervention or brake application by the driver Cruise control will be deactivated following DSC intervention or a brake application by the driver. (DSC intervention in the sense of enhanced operating stability.) Cruise control will then have to be reactivated at the cruise control steering column stalk.

PDC incorporates the following functions

1. Acoustic warnings
2. Visual warnings
3. Check Control

Acoustic Warnings

The acoustic warnings are emitted by the M-ASK via the mid-range loudspeaker.

If an object is detected by 2 ultrasonic sensors, the loudspeaker closest to the object is actuated. The mid-range loudspeaker in the left/right-hand front doors or the mid-range loudspeaker on the left/right-hand sides of the rear shelf can be actuated.

If an object is detected by 3 ultrasonic sensors, the mid-range loudspeakers on the left and right-hand sides are actuated together.

The smaller the distance to the object, the faster the sequence of acoustic warning tones.

A distance of less than approx. 25 centimeters is indicated by a continuous tone.

The warning tone switches off as soon as the vehicle moves away from the object.

If the vehicle is moving directly towards a wall, the acoustic warning tone will be switched off after approx. 3 seconds so that it does not distract the driver. If the vehicle continues to approach the wall, the warning will be reactivated.

Effective range for acoustic warnings

1. approx. 60 centimeters for the ultrasonic sensors at the two corners of the front bumper
2. approx. 70 centimeters for the two middle ultrasonic sensors in the front bumper
3. approx. 60 centimeters for the ultrasonic sensors at the two corners of the rear bumper
4. approx. 150 centimeters for the two middle ultrasonic sensors in the rear bumper

Visual Warnings

The visual PDC warnings are given in the Central Information Display (CID). This is subject to the display in the CID being active.

The visual warnings are given earlier than the acoustic warnings.

The effective range is approx. 2 meters at the front and approx. 2.5 meters at the rear.

The graphic display is shown on the CID. The PDC control unit supplies the distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the object detected via the K-CAN.

The display on the CID is an overhead view of the vehicle with the effective ranges of the ultrasonic sensors.

The distance to objects detected is shown in the colors of traffic lights

1. Distance down to 100 centimeters: green
2. Distance between 100 an 50 centimeters: yellow
3. Distance less than 50 centimeters: red

The display appears as soon as the PDC is switched on (manually or automatically). The display overrides other displays in the CID. When the PDC is switched off again, the previous display automatically appears again in the Central Information Display.

Check Control

If a fault develops in the PDC, the function LED in the PDC button flashes.

In this situation, PDC cannot be switched on.

At the same time, a Check Control message is displayed in the following form

1. Symbol in the LCD display in the instrument cluster
2. The following text appears in the status line of the Central Information Display: "PDC failure!" In the menu "BMW Service", the following text can be called up in the sub-menu "Check-Control messages": "Park Distance Control No acoustic warning available for Park Distance Control (PDC). Have the problem checked by BMW Service as soon as possible".

Conditions For Switching On and Off

PDC is switched on under the following conditions

1. PDC button pressed (PDC switched on manually)
2. Reverse gear engaged (PDC switched on automatically)

PDC is switched off under the following conditions

1. PDC button pressed (PDC switched off manually)
2. Ignition switched off (PDC switched off automatically
3. After driving approx. 50 meters
4. After exceeding a speed of 30 km/h

When a trailer is being towed, the acoustic and visual warnings for the rear bumper are deactivated. For this to happen, the trailer must be electrically connected to the vehicle.

Problematic Conditions For Switching On and Off

In borderline situations, PDC may give a warning even though there is no object within the effective range (reflection from the ground, e.g. on coarse gravel).

In borderline situations, it could happen that objects that are present are not detected (no or insufficient reflection due to geometric form).

Under the following conditions, it could happen that the PDC gives a warning, even though there is no object within the effective range

1. Ultrasonic sensor incorrectly located in its bracket
2. Heavy rain
3. Severe dirt contamination or icing of the ultrasonic sensors
4. Ultrasonic sensors covered in snow
5. Echo pulses caused by ground, e.g. extremely coarse road surface or high grass
6. Very smooth walls in large, enclosed, rectangular spaces, e.g. in underground car parks (interference from earlier, reflected echo impulses)

Under the following conditions, the PDC may not recognize an obstacle that is present

1. Low objects or objects with corners and sharp edges (no reflection)
2. If you drive alongside a wall while you are parking, the acoustic warning will be deactivated so long as you are moving parallel to the wall.